 |
Edisi ke Lima Belas, Nopember
1998
|
|
| SAJIAN KHUSUS
|
Jaringan C4I : Sumbangannya terhadap Ketahanan Nasional |
|
Edisi ke Lima Belas, Nopember
1998
|
|
| SAJIAN KHUSUS
|
Jaringan C4I : Sumbangannya terhadap Ketahanan Nasional |
| System name | Iridium | Globalstar | ICO | Ellipso | Asian Cellular
System (ACes) |
Thuraya |
| Orbit Type | LEO | LEO | MEO | LEO | GEO | GEO |
| Operator | Iridium LLC
Washington D.C |
Globalstar LP
San Jose Call |
ICO Global
Communications Ltd. London |
Mobile
Communications Holding Inc Washington D.C |
PT Asia Celluler
Satellite Jakarta Indonesia |
Thuraya Satellite
Telecomunications Co. Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates |
| Primary
Owner(s) |
Motorola
/Satellite Communication Group (SATcom) Chandler, Ariz |
Space
Communications Ltd New York City Qualcomm inc, san Diego, Calif |
Immarsat (10,12)
London and many international telecom operators and service providers |
As above | PT Pasific
Nusantara Indonesia Philipine Long Distance Telephone Co. Jasmine International Co. Thailand |
United Arab Emirate Telecommunication Corp (Etisalat)
Abu Dhabi |
| Primary Service | Voice, data, fax | |||||
| Coverage | Worldwide | . | . | . | Asia Pacific | Arab States, Central Asia, India, East Europe |
| Initial Launch/
Start of Service |
1997/1998 | 1998/1999 | 1998/2000 | 2000/2000 | 1999/1999 | 2000/2000 |
| System cost | US $4.4 billion | $2.6 billion | $4.5 billion | $1.1 billion | $1 billion | $1.2 billion |
| Satellites aloft | 66 | 48 | 10 | 14 | 1 plus spare | 1 plus spare |
| orbit, km | 780 | 1400 | 10.355 | 8040 (equatorial)
520-7846 (ellipt) |
35800 | 35800 |
| Mobile Terminal cost | $2500 | $750
$1000-$2500 (phone booth) |
1000 above celuler handset | N.A | N.A | N.A |
| AZAirtime Charge per minute2 | 25% above normal long-distance charges | $0.35-$0.55 | $1.00-$1.50 | $0.50 | N.A | $0.50 |
| Satellite Lifetime, Years | 5-8 | 7.5 | 12 | 5-7 | 12 | 15 |
| Handset suppliers | Motorola Kyocera | Qualcomm Telital, Ericsson | Mitsubishi, NEC, Samsung, Ericson, Panasonic | L3
Communications |
Ericsson | Hughes Network
Systems |
| Frequencies, GHz | Service:
1.616-1.6265 Feeder links 29.1-29.3 uplink 19.4-19.6 downlink Crosslinks 23.18-23.38 |
Service
1.610-1.6265 up 2.4835-2.500 down Feederlinks 5.091-5.250 up 6.875-7.055 down |
Service
1.985-2.015 2.170-2.200 Feeder links 5.150-5.250 6.975-7.065 |
Service :
1.610-1.62 |
Service
1.6265-1.6605 up 1.525-1.559 down Fedeer liks 6.425-6.725 up 3.400-3.700 down |
N.A |