Super Nova Explosion
At the time of super nova explosion a neutron star forms at the center of the star.
About two third of Mass explodes out and starts travelling in the outer direction with great speed, of the order of 10000 km per sec! The size of Exploded star at the time of explosion is about 25 to 40 m km in diameter. The nuclear reactions are at the peak. The mass thrown out contains mostly lighter elements but it has heavier elements as well to certain extent. The temperature and pressure are also at their highest.
As the matter starts moving outward the pressure and temperature starts dropping down. As a result of this rate of nuclear reactions also drops. This will cause further reduction in temperature.
The process goes on and in about 25 hours from the time of explosion the size of star becomes about 2 billion km! The atomic reactions would have stopped. The size continues to increase and temperature continues to decrease. The speed of mass moving outward keep decreasing due to the gravitational effect of the neutron star at the centre.
The matter of exploded star starts disintegrating from each other and at the end of about 100 years it forms clouds of different sizes and compositions. The temperature are still very high and all matter is still inform of gaseous state. The size of star would now be 57000 billion km. There would be millions of clouds moving outward.
The progress and state of matter would approx. be as explained in the following chart. Chart is made in nos. of years after the explosions.
| Years | Size dia | Important Events | |
| 1 | 25 Hours | 2 b km | Atomic reaction stops |
| 2 | 100 Years | 57000 b km @ (6 light years) |
Split up of clouds in millions – still hot |
| 3 | 1000 Years | 36 Light Years | " |
| 4 | 10000 Years | 125 Light Years | " |
| 5 | 100000 Years | 485 Light Years | Billions of clouds – hot – gaseous form but not visible |
After about 1 million years the remnant clouds are well spread but it is still possible to connect them to the supernova explosion. They could be easily identifiable as remnants of the exploded star. Of course one needs to observe them through radio scope and or powerful telescope. They are still gaseous cloud form.
After 2.5 m years they get really disintegrated and keep moving out as individual clouds but many clouds are still clustered together. These clouds have now started forming few fire balls inside them of heavier materials having started to condense out as liquids. This includes carbon, sodium, lithium, potassium, iron, nickel and similar metallic and non-metallic elements. As a matter of fact these clouds contains lot of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases at high temperature, which causes start of chemical reactions resulting in various organic and inorganic materials including various salts.
After about 5.0 m years these fireballs cool further and various metallic and non-metallic solid materials form balls of various sizes surrounded by gases like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ethane, methane, etc. These vary in sizes, so to say from 500 km in dia to 50000 km in dia! There are still clouds of only gases containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour and ethane, methane like organic gases.
One cloud easily finds very large clouds of only hydrogen helium, oxygen, nitrogen or fuel gases independently too. In reality there are clouds only containing water vapours! All these clouds and fireballs - or shall we now call them wandering planets?, are now - say after 10-15 m years of explosion - are independently moving in space in clusters.
The clusters contain millions of gas clouds and wandering planets. Though they are very large, they are invisible to us due to lower temperature attained by matter inside them. They are wandering in space and leave behind trail of gases and balls which get distinguished from the cloud.
This wandering matter is known as invisible matter in the galaxy. it is also known as dark matter! It plays very important role in our life. When I say our life I mean our Universe, our galaxy – the milky way, our Solar system, and finally our own life!!
By: Indukumar Mamtora
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