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ORIGIN OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS (Cont,)
by Cheikh Anta Diop
NOTES
1. Proceedings of the Seventh Pan-African Congress of Pre-History and
Quaternary Studies, December 1971
2. M.F.A. Montagu, 1960, p. 390.
3. The study of this race's pigmentation can be carried farther by the
method described; actually Elliott-Smith often found patches of skin on the
bodies and the mummification methods which cause skin deterioration were not
yet in use.
1
4. D.P. de Pedrals, p.6.
5. Geographie, classe de 5, 1950.
6. In his 'Lutte des races" (1883) L. Gumplovicz asserts that the diverse
classes making up a people always represent different races, of which one
has established its domination over the others by conquest. G. deLapounge in
an article published in 1897 postulated no less than a dozen 'fundamental
laws of anthropo-sociology' of which the following are typical; his 'law of
distribution of wealth' posits that, in countries of mixed European-Alpine
populations, wealth is greater in inverse proportions to the cephalic index;
the 'law of urban indices' given prominence by Ammon in connexion with his
research on Badener conscripts asserted that town dwellers exhibit greater
dolichocephaly than the people in the adjacent countryside; the 'law of
stratification' was formulated in the following terms: 'the cephalic index
decreases and the proportion of dolichocephalics rises the higher the social
class, in each locality'. In his Selections sociales' the same writer had no
hesitation in asserting that 'the dominant class in the feudal epoch belongs
almost exclusively to the variety "Homo Europaeus" so that it is not pure
chance which has kept the poor at the foot of the social ladder but their
congenital inferiority'.
We thus see that German racism was inventing nothing new, when Alfred
Rosenberg asserted that the French Revolution must be deemed a revolt of the
brachycephalics of the Alpine stock against the dolichocephalics of the
Nordic race.' (A. Cuvillier, p. 155)
7. W.M.F. Petrie, 1939, Fig. 1.
8. ibid., p. 69.
9. ibid., p. 68.
10. E. Amelineau, 1908, p. 174.
11. Pl. 1.2.
12. Pl. 1.3.
13. W.M.F. Petrie, 1939, p.67.
14. Pl. 1.11.
15. Pl. 1.5.
16. pl. 1.8.
17. Pl. 1.7 I know that 'Indo-European' is usually said to be a language,
not a race, but I prefer this term to 'Aryan' wherever its use causes no
confusion.
18. Pl. 1.2.
19. Pl. 1.13.
20. R.A. Nicolaus, p. 11.
21. T.J. Pettigrew, 1834, pp. 70-71.
22. C.A. Diop, 1977.
23. M.E. Fontant, pp. 44-5 (see reproduction: T).
24. M.F.A. Montagu, p. 337.
25. In the fifth century before our era, at the time when Herodotus visited
Egypt, a black-skinned people, the Colchians, were still living in Colchis
on the Armenian shore of the Black Sea, East of the ancient port of
Trebizond, surrounded by white-skinned nations.
The scholars of antiquity wondered about this people's origins and Herodotus
in "Euterpe', the second book of his history on Egypt, tries to prove that
the Colchians were Egyptians, whence the arguments we quote. Herodotus, on
the strength of commemorative stelae, erected by Sesostris in conquered
countries, asserts that this monarch had got as far as Thrace and Seythia,
where stelae would seem to have been still standing in his day (Book II,
103).
26. Herodotus, Book II, 104. As with many peoples in black Africa, Egyptian
women underwent excision of the clitoris: ef. Strabo, Geography, Book XVII,
Ch. I.
27. Herodotus, Book II, 57.
28. Seneca, Questions of Nature, Book IV, 17.
29. Herodotus, Book II, 22.
30. Aristotle, Physiognomy, 6.
31. Lucian, Navigations, paras 2-3.
32. Apollodoros, Book II, 'The Family of Inachus', paras 3 and 4.
33. Aeschylus, The Suppliants, vv. 719-20. See also v. 745.
34. Strabo, Geography, Book I, ch. 3, para. 10.
35. My italics.
36. Diodorus, Universal History, Book III. The antiquity of the Ethiopian
civilization is attested by the most ancient and most venerable Greek
writer, Homer, in both the Lliad and the Odessey: 'Jupiter followed today by
all the gods receives the sacrifices of the Ethiopians' (Iliad, I, 422).
'Yesterday to visit holy Ethiopia Jupiter betook himself to the ocean shore'
(lliad, I, 423).
37. Diogenes Laertius, Book VII,i.
38. The Egyptian notables liked to have a Syrian or Cretan female slave in
their harems.
39. Ammianus Marcellinus, Book XXII, para 16 (23).
40. Pirate gangs who worked from small ships called Camare.
41. Ammianus Marcellinus, Book XXII, para. 8 (24).
42. M.C.F. Volney, Voyages en Syrie et en Egypte, Paris, 1787, Vol. I, pp.
74-7.
43. J.J. Champollion-Figeac, 1839, pp. 26-7.
44. This important discovery was made, on the African side, by Sossou
Nsougan, who was to compile this part of the present chapter. For the sense
of the word see Worterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache, Vol 5, 1971, pp. 122
and 127.
45. ibid., p. 122.
46. ibid., p. 128.
47. R.O. Faulkner, 1962, p. 286.
48. Worterbuch der agyptischen Sprache, p. 128.
49. ibid. p. 124.
50. ibid., p. 125.
51. ibid., p. 123.
52. It should be noted that set-kem=black wife in Walaf.
53. Worterbuch der agyptischen Sprache, p. 492.
54. ibid., p. 493.
55. Desret= blood in Egyptian; deret=blood in Walaf; ibid., p. 494.
56. Genesis, 10:6-7.
57. C.A. Diop, 1955, pp. 33ff.
58. E. Massoulard, 1949, p. 386.
59. Juvenal, Satire XV, vv. 1-14.
60. E. Amelineau, op. cit.
61. A. Recnach, 1913, p. 17.
62 Often spelt Wolof.
63. C.A. diop, 1977.
64. R. Lambert, 1925, p. 129.
65. A. Mallon, pp. 207-34.
66. A. de Buck, 1952.
67. ibid.
68. A. Mallon, pp. 207-34.
69. By extension=love intensely (hence the verb mar-maral) after the fashion
of a female animal licking the cub which she has just borne. This sense does
not conflict with the other notion which the determinative may convey of a
man raising hand to mouth.
70. See below for the explanation of this important law.
71. See C.A. Diop, 1967.
72. See final Report of the First Plenary Session of the International
Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a general History of Africa,
UNESCO, 30 March-8 April 1974.
73. Symposium of 'The peopling of ancient Egypt and the deciphering of the Meriotic script'. Cf. Studies and Documents No. I UNESCO, 1978.
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by Cheikh Anta Diop
NOTES 1. Proceedings of the Seventh Pan-African Congress of Pre-History and Quaternary Studies, December 1971 2. M.F.A. Montagu, 1960, p. 390. 3. The study of this race's pigmentation can be carried farther by the method described; actually Elliott-Smith often found patches of skin on the bodies and the mummification methods which cause skin deterioration were not yet in use. 1 4. D.P. de Pedrals, p.6. 5. Geographie, classe de 5, 1950. 6. In his 'Lutte des races" (1883) L. Gumplovicz asserts that the diverse classes making up a people always represent different races, of which one has established its domination over the others by conquest. G. deLapounge in an article published in 1897 postulated no less than a dozen 'fundamental laws of anthropo-sociology' of which the following are typical; his 'law of distribution of wealth' posits that, in countries of mixed European-Alpine populations, wealth is greater in inverse proportions to the cephalic index; the 'law of urban indices' given prominence by Ammon in connexion with his research on Badener conscripts asserted that town dwellers exhibit greater dolichocephaly than the people in the adjacent countryside; the 'law of stratification' was formulated in the following terms: 'the cephalic index decreases and the proportion of dolichocephalics rises the higher the social class, in each locality'. In his Selections sociales' the same writer had no hesitation in asserting that 'the dominant class in the feudal epoch belongs almost exclusively to the variety "Homo Europaeus" so that it is not pure chance which has kept the poor at the foot of the social ladder but their congenital inferiority'. We thus see that German racism was inventing nothing new, when Alfred Rosenberg asserted that the French Revolution must be deemed a revolt of the brachycephalics of the Alpine stock against the dolichocephalics of the Nordic race.' (A. Cuvillier, p. 155) 7. W.M.F. Petrie, 1939, Fig. 1. 8. ibid., p. 69. 9. ibid., p. 68. 10. E. Amelineau, 1908, p. 174. 11. Pl. 1.2. 12. Pl. 1.3. 13. W.M.F. Petrie, 1939, p.67. 14. Pl. 1.11. 15. Pl. 1.5. 16. pl. 1.8. 17. Pl. 1.7 I know that 'Indo-European' is usually said to be a language, not a race, but I prefer this term to 'Aryan' wherever its use causes no confusion. 18. Pl. 1.2. 19. Pl. 1.13. 20. R.A. Nicolaus, p. 11. 21. T.J. Pettigrew, 1834, pp. 70-71. 22. C.A. Diop, 1977. 23. M.E. Fontant, pp. 44-5 (see reproduction: T). 24. M.F.A. Montagu, p. 337. 25. In the fifth century before our era, at the time when Herodotus visited Egypt, a black-skinned people, the Colchians, were still living in Colchis on the Armenian shore of the Black Sea, East of the ancient port of Trebizond, surrounded by white-skinned nations. The scholars of antiquity wondered about this people's origins and Herodotus in "Euterpe', the second book of his history on Egypt, tries to prove that the Colchians were Egyptians, whence the arguments we quote. Herodotus, on the strength of commemorative stelae, erected by Sesostris in conquered countries, asserts that this monarch had got as far as Thrace and Seythia, where stelae would seem to have been still standing in his day (Book II, 103). 26. Herodotus, Book II, 104. As with many peoples in black Africa, Egyptian women underwent excision of the clitoris: ef. Strabo, Geography, Book XVII, Ch. I. 27. Herodotus, Book II, 57. 28. Seneca, Questions of Nature, Book IV, 17. 29. Herodotus, Book II, 22. 30. Aristotle, Physiognomy, 6. 31. Lucian, Navigations, paras 2-3. 32. Apollodoros, Book II, 'The Family of Inachus', paras 3 and 4. 33. Aeschylus, The Suppliants, vv. 719-20. See also v. 745. 34. Strabo, Geography, Book I, ch. 3, para. 10. 35. My italics. 36. Diodorus, Universal History, Book III. The antiquity of the Ethiopian civilization is attested by the most ancient and most venerable Greek writer, Homer, in both the Lliad and the Odessey: 'Jupiter followed today by all the gods receives the sacrifices of the Ethiopians' (Iliad, I, 422). 'Yesterday to visit holy Ethiopia Jupiter betook himself to the ocean shore' (lliad, I, 423). 37. Diogenes Laertius, Book VII,i. 38. The Egyptian notables liked to have a Syrian or Cretan female slave in their harems. 39. Ammianus Marcellinus, Book XXII, para 16 (23). 40. Pirate gangs who worked from small ships called Camare. 41. Ammianus Marcellinus, Book XXII, para. 8 (24). 42. M.C.F. Volney, Voyages en Syrie et en Egypte, Paris, 1787, Vol. I, pp. 74-7. 43. J.J. Champollion-Figeac, 1839, pp. 26-7. 44. This important discovery was made, on the African side, by Sossou Nsougan, who was to compile this part of the present chapter. For the sense of the word see Worterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache, Vol 5, 1971, pp. 122 and 127. 45. ibid., p. 122. 46. ibid., p. 128. 47. R.O. Faulkner, 1962, p. 286. 48. Worterbuch der agyptischen Sprache, p. 128. 49. ibid. p. 124. 50. ibid., p. 125. 51. ibid., p. 123. 52. It should be noted that set-kem=black wife in Walaf. 53. Worterbuch der agyptischen Sprache, p. 492. 54. ibid., p. 493. 55. Desret= blood in Egyptian; deret=blood in Walaf; ibid., p. 494. 56. Genesis, 10:6-7. 57. C.A. Diop, 1955, pp. 33ff. 58. E. Massoulard, 1949, p. 386. 59. Juvenal, Satire XV, vv. 1-14. 60. E. Amelineau, op. cit. 61. A. Recnach, 1913, p. 17. 62 Often spelt Wolof. 63. C.A. diop, 1977. 64. R. Lambert, 1925, p. 129. 65. A. Mallon, pp. 207-34. 66. A. de Buck, 1952. 67. ibid. 68. A. Mallon, pp. 207-34. 69. By extension=love intensely (hence the verb mar-maral) after the fashion of a female animal licking the cub which she has just borne. This sense does not conflict with the other notion which the determinative may convey of a man raising hand to mouth. 70. See below for the explanation of this important law. 71. See C.A. Diop, 1967. 72. See final Report of the First Plenary Session of the International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a general History of Africa, UNESCO, 30 March-8 April 1974. 73. Symposium of 'The peopling of ancient Egypt and the deciphering of the Meriotic script'. Cf. Studies and Documents No. I UNESCO, 1978. IPET-ISUT -- Lesson One IPET-ISUT -- Lesson Two IPET-ISUT -- Lesson Three IPET-ISUT -- Lesson Three (Cont.) IPET-ISUT -- The Temple of Learning
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