Reviews by Evelyn C. Leeper

Reviews by Evelyn C. Leeper

All reviews copyright 1984-2008 Evelyn C. Leeper.


EMPIRE OF THE ANTS by Bernard Werber (translated by Margaret Rocques) (Bantam, ISBN 0-553-09613-3, 1998 (1991), 256pp, hardback):

Almost everyone who describes this says it's like Watership Down, except with ants instead of rabbits. Yes, it starts out that way (though with far more central and developed human characters as well), but it goes somewhere that Watership Down doesn't.

In the near future, Jonathan Edwards inherits his uncle's apartment, with the instruction, "Above all, never go down into the cellar." It doesn't take a rocket scientist (or even an entomologist) to figure out that going down into the basement is precisely what the human characters will do.

The book's strength is in its depiction of an alien lifeform: ants. One can argue that Werber's ants have more consciousness and intelligence that is possible given their brain mass, but then the same could be said of the rabbits in Watership Down. If one is willing to suspend disbelief, the mental processes and motivations of the various ants--and there are several different varieties--are fascinating. Werber apparently spent years researching ants, and it has paid off in his description of ant life. He has the external appearance (actions, etc.) of the ant colonies down pat. His extrapolation of the motivations is, as I have said, unlikely, but as a theory they have the advantage of fitting and explaining all the facts.

The human characters are not as interesting or believable. Like the characters in so many horror movies, they are all attracted by the forbidden cellar, and head down there, with very few precautions or even (apparently) concerns.

This was a best-seller in Europe, and while it almost definitely won't achieve that status here, it is worth reading if you are interested in reading works from an alien point of view.

To order Empire of the Ants from amazon.com, click here.


ANARCHAOS by Donald Westlake:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 09/16/2005]

Donald Westlake is known primarily as a crime writer, tending toward the farcical. He has also written a series of humorous science fiction stories, published in "Playboy" and available at http://www.donaldwestlake.com/wks_ss6_intro.html. (I reviewed these in the 01/16/04 issue of the MT VOID.) However, ANARCHAOS (ISBN 0-7278-6096-8) is anything but humorous. (It was actually written in 1967, under the pseudonym Curt Clark.) Rolf Malone, the protagonist of the novel (one hesitates to call him a hero), goes to a planet to find out what happened to his brother. This eponymous planet is politically an anarchy, and driven in large part by corporate greed. Malone begins his stay there by murdering the taxi driver he hires and stealing his taxi. This behavior is perfectly legal (or at least not illegal). This novel is political science fiction, and somewhat more realistic than a lot of that genre, though I am still not convinced that such a total anarchy would survive. Then again, I suspect it is not all that different from the West before the Army and the lawmen moved in.

To order Anarchaos from amazon.com, click here.


"Starship Hopeful" stories by Donald Westlake:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 01/16/2004]

I also read Donald Westlake's science fiction, five short stories published in "Playboy" between 1981 and 1988. These are about the voyages of the Starship Hopeful, which sets out in 11,406 after the Master Imperial Computer discovered that 500 years earlier, a clerical error had erased from the computer's memory more than 1000 colonies. Its mission is to find these lost colonies. Each one has apparently become an exaggeration of its initial settlers, so one is given over to gamblers, another to an acting company, and so on.

These stories are available at http://www.donaldwestlake.com/wks_ss6_intro.html


BORN TO KVETCH by Michael Wex:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 01/27/2006]

BORN TO KVETCH by Michael Wex (ISBN 0-312-30741-1), a book about the Yiddish language, turned out to be too academic for me, with (for example) a lot of time spent tracing the origin of the term "bove-mayse/bube-mayse". But there is no index, which means if you want to go back and look this up, there's no good way to do it! Probably I would have enjoyed this more if I knew more than a "bissel yiddish."

To order Born to Kvetch from amazon.com, click here.


THE SWEET AND SOUR TONGUE by Leslie What:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 12/17/2004]

Leslie What's THE SWEET AND SOUR TONGUE (ISBN 1-58715-158-8) is a collection of fourteen stories, one original and the rest reprinted from sources ranging from well-known magazines to hard- to-find anthologies. All are Jewish fantasy, either in the sense of being based in Jewish legend and theology (such as "Those Who Know") or because the main characters are Jewish (such as "The Man I Loved Was an Elf"). Even in the latter, though, the Jewishness is a major part of the story. Obviously, this limits the market somewhat, but that is probably why it was published by Wildside Press instead of (say) Tor Books. For those unfamiliar with Wildside Press, it is a small print-on-demand press. It is *not* a "subsidy publisher" or "vanity press". Its books are of professional quality, both in content and in physical production. My only objection is that the charming cover art is uncredited. I recommend this collection to people with an interest in Jewish fantasy. (Leslie What also has a story in the current issue of "Strange Horizons" at .)

To order The Sweet and Sour Tongue from amazon.com, click here.


ARCANUM by Thomas Wheeler:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 10/07/2005]

ARCANUM by Thomas Wheeler (ISBN 0-553-38199-7) is a mystery where the sleuths are Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, H. P. Lovecraft, Marie Laveau (the Second), and Harry Houdini. This is a bit of overkill, especially when Wheeler adds William Randolph Hearst into the mix. Also, Wheeler's research could have been better. The story is set in 1919, yet one character "poured himself a generous Jim Beam." While the bourbon was around then, it was still called something like "Old Jake Beam's Sour Mash"--it did not adopt the name "Jim Beam" until the 1940s. Lovecraft is supposedly living at 1414 Delancey Street--there is no such number. Tarrytown is described as "only forty minutes outside Manhattan." The actual trip the characters make is from Bellevue at 29th Street, which would be about twenty-eight miles--forty minutes today maybe (without traffic), but not in 1919 by horse-drawn carriage. And, in a minor slip, Doyle sets fire to a spider's web--which I believe are not flammable. The language also has some jarring words (e.g. a reference to a "meet-and-greet") that shatters the period feel.

To order Arcanum from amazon.com, click here.


THE ONCE AND FUTURE KING by T. H. White:

Continuing with recommendations from James Cawthorn and Michael Moorcock's FANTASY--THE 100 BEST BOOKS, I read T. H. White's THE ONCE AND FUTURE KING. I will readily admit that I didn't look up every unfamiliar word, or it would have taken me weeks to get through it. For starters, I would have had to use the Oxford English Dictionary--the standard desk dictionary simply doesn't have all the specialized terms needed to describe British royal hunts during the Middle Ages. (Here's a list of words on just page 142: chine, singulars [of boars], skulks [of foxes], richesses [of martens], bevies [of roes], cetes [of badgers], routs [of wolves], os, argos, croteys, fewmets, and fiants. A few pages later we get huske, menee, alaunts, gaze-hounds, lymers, braches, austringer, and lesses. Some of these are not in the OED either.) (Hint: surely someone could do an annotated ONCE AND FUTURE KING. Then again, I'm still waiting for the annotated "A Dozen Tough Jobs" by Howard Waldrop.)

Most people are familiar with the Arthur story as told by White, even if they've never read THE ONCE AND FUTURE KING (or even the first section, THE SWORD IN THE STONE). White, for example, was the author who came up with the idea of Merlyn living backwards. And White also goes directly from Arthur pulling the sword from the stone at the end of Book 1 to King Arthur waving Excalibur around at the beginning of Book 2, which has probably served to reinforce most people's belief that the two were actually the same.

What most people seem not to be familiar with is White's anti-war stance. This is no doubt due in large part to the British experience in World War I, and the gathering clouds of World War II. Arthur's experiences in the animal kingdom are such that he comes to respect the most the animals that are the least aggressive and warlike. And his joy in battles (where of course he has been victorious) is tempered by Merlyn's reminder than while the knights in their armor all survived with little more than bruises, the peasants who fought for them died in great numbers. These days, were White an American, he would probably end up labeled a traitor for expressing these opinions. Yet he was by no means a complete pacifist--Merlyn is very specific that defensive war is justified and even necessary, but war is never glorious. In fact, a check around the web shows White labeled an anti-Fascist rather than a pacifist, and in addition to his description of life among the ants emphasizing the fascism as much as the warlike aspects, he has Merlyn explicitly commenting on Hitler as well as on the Boer War, and then at the end a description of Mordred's goings-on that are clearly a parallel with the Nazis.

White also skips over a lot of the "canonical" Arthurian story, often saying (in effect), "Well, if you want to know about thus- and-so, read Malory, because he describes it better than I would." So in some sense he assumes a previous knowledge of the story. However, while I have some familiarity with the story, I am not an Arthurian scholar, and I still had no problem following what was going on.

THE ONCE AND FUTURE KING consists of four books, written over a twenty-year period. A fifth book, THE BOOK OF MERLYN, is supposedly even more anti-war, but I decided to stop (for now) with these.

To order The Once and Future King from amazon.com, click here.


WISE MEN AND THEIR TALES by Elie Wiesel:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 06/17/2005]

Elie Wiesel's WISE MEN AND THEIR TALES (ISBN 0-8052-4173-6) also has a thread of cynicism, or at least a way of looking at the "heroes" of the Bible and finding them less than perfect. For that matter, God does not get off scot-free either. For example, in the story of Sodom, Wiesel concludes that everyone--Abraham, Lot, Lot's wife, and even God--do wrong. Only Lot's two daughters appear to be blameless. And why do we revere Sarah when she treated Hagar and Ishmael so badly? Why does Aaron get a pass even though he built the Golden Calf when so many others were killed? Wiesel searches the Torah, the Talmud, and other midrashic sources in an attempt to explain these and many more cases. Or rather, he attempts to tell us how the rabbis and scholars explained them. He points out, though, that sometimes these explanations seem to be have made up just to justify what the Torah said, and there is no basis for them. And he doesn't always accept them as sufficient justification. You'll have to make your own decisions.

To order Wise Men and Their Tales from amazon.com, click here.


THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY by Oscar Wilde:
THE STRANGE SCHEMES OF RANDOLPH MASON by Melville D. Post:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 01/28/2005]

This month's book for our library discussion group was Oscar Wilde's THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY (ISBN 0-486-27807-7). (I'll add that this is the general group, not the science fiction one, since it could be either.) One observation I (and others) had was this seemed to be over-stuffed with aphorisms and epigraphs (even to the extent of duplicating some from other Wilde works).

Someone also asked how Alan Campbell got rid of Hallward's body. The "smell of nitric acid" gave the answer, which led us to a discussion of disposing of bodies. One of the earliest stories along these lines was Melville D, Post's "The Corpus Delecti", written in 1896. In that, the murderer uses sulphuric acid to destroy the evidence of his crime, and the judge is compelled to acquit him because at the time, the law required either a body or an eye-witness. This is the most famous of Post's "Randolph Mason" stories--Mason is an unscrupulous lawyer who uses such technicalities to get his guilty clients acquitted. According to the jacket copy on the 1973 Oswald Train edition of the collection THE STRANGE SCHEMES OF RANDOLPH MASON, it made such an impression that the laws in many states were changed to prevent just such a miscarriage of justice. (The Train edition has no ISBN; a later one has ISBN 0-899-68200-6.)

To order The Picture of Dorian Gray from amazon.com, click here.

To order The Strange Schemes of Randolph Mason from amazon.com, click here.


THE LITTLE HOUSE ON THE PRAIRIE by Laura Ingalls Wilder:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 05/23/2003]

Last week our library book discussion group did Laura Ingalls Wilder's THE LITTLE HOUSE ON THE PRAIRIE. I never read this while I was growing up, and I suppose it's difficult to judge it as a children's book when I'm first reading it now, but it seemed as though it was full of all the virtues of its time (1930s, when it was written) but not of today. Children were supposedly to always obey their parents and not even *think* about disobeying (even though one can clearly construct a scenario when releasing the dog *would* have been the right thing to do), and never disturb their parents when they are busy, and so on. This does not even address the rather negative portrayal of the Indians (even though this is not absolutely universal), but I will note that there is a very positive black character, the doctor, and this was probably fairly unusual at that time. On the other hand, children might find the descriptions of how one builds a house or makes a chair interesting, and I suppose that if a child today didn't find the children in the book too "goody two-shoes", he (or more likely she) might enjoy the book.

To order The Little House of the Prairie from amazon.com, click here.


CAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF by Tennessee Williams:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 04/16/2004]

Tennessee Williams's CAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF is another work where the sexual content is more explicit on the printed page. Though for this work, stage performances would also maintain this. It's only the classic film with Elizabeth Taylor, Paul Newman, and Burl Ives that turns the explicit discussion of homosexuality into veiled references. Such was Hollywood in 1958. On the other hand, plays are meant to be seen rather than read, so read the play but see the movie. (I haven't seen the newer version with Jessica Lange and Treat Williams.)

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 09/26/2008]

Anyone who has seen the movie CAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF with Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman should read the original play by Tennessee Williams (ISBN-13 978-0-811-21601-2, ISBN-10 0-811-21601-2) to get some idea of how restricted filmmakers were in 1958. Among other things, one could see the entire movie without understanding why Scooter committed suicide. On the other hand, we recently watched AIRPLANE!, a movie that got a PG rating in 1980, and would probably get an R rating now!

To order Cat on a Hot Tin Roof from amazon.com, click here.


NIGHT OF THE IGUANA by Tennessee Williams:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 07/11/2003]

Our recent trip went through some of the South that I associate with Tennessee Williams--like Tennessee (although I suspect he wrote more about New Orleans, which we didn't get to). So I decided to read some of his better-known plays.

Now, "Suddenly Last Summer" is probably his most genre-related play, but I hadn't picked up a copy of that at the various book sales this year. And while his first published story was published in "Weird Tales", I didn't have that either. What I did have were "Night of the Iguana", "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof", "A Streetcar Named Desire", and "The Fugitive Kind". Of course, so far I've managed only one, but I will get to others eventually.

At LoneStarCon II (Worldcon 1998), there was a panel titled "It's All SF: Science Fiction/Southern Fiction" whose description ran: "Why are so many Southern writers drawn to SF and fantasy? Are there distinctly Southern themes that appear in their works? What is the tradition of Southern SF that they draw upon (Wellman, Wagner, Leinster, etc.)? In what ways are SF and Southern literature not only compatible but natural allies?" Southern fiction was considered to be based on a set of tropes including the legacy of the Civil War, segregation, integration, civil rights, family, history, land, climate, and eccentricity. And the latter was considered to be best shown in Southern Gothic--Edgar Allan Poe, William Faulkner, and Tennessee Williams.

One person quoted Eudora Welty as saying that she heard family stories as a child which she didn't understand, but she knew there was passion, importance, and power in them. And when Faulkner won the Nobel Prize in 1950, he said, "The only subject matter worth the agony of creation is the human heart in conflict with itself." These certainly apply to Williams. And someone said that the South had a commonality in "Gothic and guilt," a phrase that certainly covers Williams's work.

"Night of the Iguana", for example, is set in a sleazy Mexican hotel run by a woman of (seemingly) low character. But she has hidden depths that become apparent as a priest with a weakness for young women brings his busload of tourists to the hotel just as everything in his life is completely falling apart. Also there is an old man with his spinster granddaughter, who provides aid and comfort in a way that Faulkner could appreciate.

To order Night of the Iguana from amazon.com, click here.


"The Green Leopard Plague" by Walter Jon Williams:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 06/25/2004]

And I have to admit that I found "The Green Leopard Plague" by Walter Jon Williams unreadable. By this I don't mean it was in some strange stylistic mode, but that I couldn't manage to get into the story enough to keep reading.


WHO WAS THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK? AND OTHER HISTORICAL MYSTERIES by Hugh Ross Williamson:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 03/14/2008]

WHO WAS THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK? AND OTHER HISTORICAL MYSTERIES by Hugh Ross Williamson (ISBN-13 978-0-141-39097-0, ISBN-10 0-141-39097-2) also begins with a somewhat anti-rational notion: that we can never really know history. At least Williamson does not go as far as some, and claim that there is no such thing as true history; he merely says we can never know everything that really happened, or understand it. This is particularly true of history according to the "Great Man" theory, he notes--since that theory assumes events are shaped by extraordinary individuals, there are no generalizations that one can make (e.g., "a decrease in the real value of money will bring about a revolution").

It is worth noting that the historical mysteries that Williamson discusses are almost all British, and often fairly obscure, at least to Americans. If you don't know who Perkin Warbeck purportedly was, his actual identity will be less than fascinating. And at least one--who murdered the Princes in the Tower?--has been discussed in great length elsewhere, not least of which is Josephine Tey's novel, THE DAUGHTER OF TIME.

To order Who Was the Man in the Iron Mask? from amazon.com, click here.


"All Seated on the Ground" by Connie Willis:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 07/11/2008]

"All Seated on the Ground" by Connie Willis (ASIMOV'S Dec) is yet another sentimental Christmas story from Willis. This one appeals to me even less than the earlier ones--the notion that a single line from a Christmas carol is the key to inter-species communication leaves me cold. (Surely one can find similar lines in popular songs--why not those?)

To order All Seated on the Ground from amazon.com, click here.


BELLWETHER by Connie Willis (Bantam Spectra, ISBN 0-553-56296-7, 1996, 256pp, mass market paperback):

Though Willis has been saying at conventions that her next book would be a time travel story set in the late 19th century, this is not that book. Rather, this is a story set in the present, with statistician Sandra Foster researching fads. As part of this Willis, starts each chapter with the description of a fad of the past: hula hoops, the jitterbug, diorama wigs, etc.

I say that this is the present for two reasons First, there is the statement that it's Monday, October the second--which makes it either 1995 or 2000. Second, the fads described as being current (Power Rangers, the Lion King, and angels) are active now, but probably will have been supplanted by the year 2000. In fact, this isn't really a science fiction novel at all, but more in line with Willis's other "social satires." (Many people have said that her "In the Late Cretaceous" is not science fiction either.)

One thing that adds to the realism in Bellwether is Willis's description of how the corporate culture works, even in hi-tech environments. She ranks with Scott Adams (creator of the "Dilbert" comic strip) in capturing the insanity of many corporate philosophies. For example, in a brain-storming session on objectives for "Guided Resource Intuition Management," one person lists:

  1. Optimize potential.
  2. Facilitate empowerment.
  3. Implement visioning.
  4. Strategize priorities.
  5. Augment core structures.

When asked by Foster how she did that so fast, she replies that those were what she always wrote down. I figure that this list alone will save me hours at work.

The problem with Bellwether is that while individual parts are funny and pointed, the whole doesn't seem to go anywhere. Willis writes very good novellas, and for me this might have been better at that length. As it is, it seems drawn out--drawn out, mind you, not padded. (They're not the same thing.) I like the writing, and I like the humor, and maybe I'm looking for more point than a short humorous novel is supposed to have. But when I finished Bellwether I felt vaguely dissatisfied.

To order Bellwether from amazon.com, click here.


FIRE WATCH by Connie Willis (Bantam, ISBN 0-553-26045-6, 1998, 336pp, mass market paperback):

The collection, first published in 1985 and long out of print, contains twelve stories--eleven reprints and one story original to this volume. The fact that not only is a publisher willing to publish a single-author collection, but to reprint one that was published thirteen years ago, is an indication of Willis's stature in the field. Nominated for 17 Hugo awards and 11 Nebula awards, and the winner of six Hugos (for Doomsday Book, "Fire Watch," "The Last of the Winnebagos," "Even the Queen," "Death on the Nile," and "The Soul Selects Her Own Society ...") and six Nebulas (Doomsday Book, "Fire Watch," "A Letter From the Clearys," "The Last of the Winnebagos," "At the Rialto," and "Even the Queen"), Willis has opportunities other authors just dream of.

The Hugo- and Nebula-award-winning "Fire Watch" is the story of one history student's time travel project to the London Blitz. Well-deserving of its awards, it is doubtless the best story in the book, and in many ways a precursor to Willis's Doomsday Book and To Say Nothing of the Dog. But other stories are worthy of note also. "Lost and Found" and "Daisy, in the Sun" are both strange apocalyptic tales, though in very different ways. "All My Darling Daughters" (the one new story) is a bizarre little piece--it's easy to see why this had difficulty finding a market, but it has become a classic. "The Sidon in the Mirror" was also nominated for a Hugo and a Nebula and its alien feel is an interesting juxtaposition to the "just plain folks" feel of most of Willis's other works. There is, of course, some fluff of the sort Willis has become known for: "The Father of the Bride," "And Come from Miles Around," "Mail-Order Clone," and "Blued Moon." The last, in particular, is highly recommended; it has some of the funniest scenes I've seen in print, and did garner a Hugo nomination. "Samaritan" covers some fairly old ground, though the characters do hold the reader's interest through it. I thought, though, that "Service for the Burial of the Dead" and "A Letter from the Clearys" were just average.

In 1985, I said that the $14.95 the trade paperback would cost seemed a bit steep and people might want to wait for a paperback edition. Since the paperback edition was thirteen years in coming, this was probably bad advice, even if it is somewhat cheaper now. Willis's more recent works can be found in the 1994 collection Impossible Things, also from Bantam and even still in print (ISBN 0-553-56436-6). The eleven stories in it share seven Hugo nominations (with two wins) and five Nebula nominations (with three wins). At the time it came out, the re-issue of Fire Watch was promised, but that took four years.

To order Fire Watch from amazon.com, click here.

To order Impossible Things from amazon.com, click here.


INSIDE JOB by Connie Willis:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 03/03/2006]

INSIDE JOB by Connie Willis (ISBN 1-59606-024-7) is described on the jacket as being "a tale of spiritualists, seances, skeptics, and a love that just might be able to rise above it all." This makes it sound like a love story. It isn't. And while Connie Willis is arguably "the master of the science fiction novella," this is not one of the best examples of that. It has what I consider a major underlying flaw, which I cannot describe without spoiling the story. (Email me if you really want to know.) Subterranean Press has done a very nice job with this book, with cream-colored pages and dark blue (rather than black) print. Of course, at $35 for a hundred-page hardcover, they should. (I hope it's acid-free paper!) If, like me, you can check this out of your library, then I can recommend it. (All praises to my public library in Old Bridge, New Jersey, for getting books like this rather than just the major releases of the big publishers.)

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 05/12/2006]

I already reviewed INSIDE JOB by Connie Willis (ISBN 1-596-06024-7; also ASIMOV'S Jan 2005) in the 03/03/06 issue of the MT VOID. I did, however, fail to note that it had been published in ASIMOV'S as well as by a small press in a limited edition. And now it is available on-line (at least temporarily to Hugo voters), as are all the other short fiction nominees.

To order Inside Job from amazon.com, click here.


"Just Like the Ones We Used to Know" by Connie Willis:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 06/25/2004]

"Just Like the Ones We Used to Know" by Connie Willis is yet another of Willis's Christmas fantasies, this time about what I'm sure someone has called "the perfect storm." This one had a bit more science fiction and a bit less overt religiosity, so I enjoyed it more than some of her earlier ones. I have nothing against religious content, per se, and Willis is certainly entitled to include it if she wants. But since I don't share her religious background, it is often hard for me to get into the story in the way that I think she expects her readers to. So maybe with a lot of her works, as with Madeleine L'Engle's A WRINKLE IN TIME (which I discussed a while ago), I am just not the target audience. In any case, there is starting to be a certain repetitiveness to them, but I'll give this one a nod.


PATRIOTIC GORE by Edmund Wilson:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 07/23/2004]

Edmund Wilson's PATRIOTIC GORE (ISBN 0-393-31256-9) is an overview of American writing connected to the Civil War--fiction, non-fiction, and poetry; before, during, and after the War. Given that it has 816 pages, I cannot even list all the authors covered, so I will just mention a couple of interesting points.

One is a discussion by Confederate Vice-President Alexander H. Stephens of some of the actions taken by Lincoln during the War Stephens, in his "A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States; Its Causes, Character, Conduct and Results Presented in a Series of Colloquies at Liberty Hall", quotes Supreme Court Justice Benjamin R. Curtis (of Boston) as having said, "No citizen can be insensible to the vast importance of the late proclamation and orders of the President of the United States.... It has been attempted by some partisan journalists to raise the cry of 'disloyalty' against anyone who should question these Executive acts. But the people of the United States know that loyalty is not subserviency to a man, or to a Party, or to the opinions of newspapers; but that it is an honest and wise devotion to the safety and welfare of our country, and to the great principles which our Constitution of Government embodies, by which alone that safety and welfare can be secured. And when those principles are put in jeopardy, every true loyal man must interpose according to his ability, or be an unfaithful citizen. This is not a government of men. It is a Government of laws. ... The second Proclamation, and the Orders of the Secretary of War, which follow it, place every citizen of the United States under the direct military command and control of the President. They subject all citizens to be imprisoned upon a military order, at the pleasure of the President, when, where, and so long as he, or whoever is acting for him, may choose. They hold the citizen to trial before a Military Commission appointed by the President, or his representative, for such acts or omissions as the President may think proper to decree to the offences; and they subject him to such punishment as such Military Commission may be pleased to inflict." (page 417) This still (again?) seems pertinent today.

Another was George Washington Cable's analysis (in his book "The Negro Question") of why the North, having fought to free the slaves, was so willing in the last part of the 19th century to let their condition in the South be reduced almost back to that level, and why the South, having made such a fuss about states' rights before and during the War, was so willing to rejoin the Union and cede many of those rights. Cable's answer is that the North was really fighting for Union, and that freeing the slaves was merely an excuse--they didn't care about the condition of the Negroes (to use Wilson's term). And the South was really fighting for slavery, and states' rights was merely an excuse. Whether this is actually true I don't know, but it certainly explains a lot of otherwise odd behavior. (Note: The vast majority of the Acts of Secession passed by the Southern states did in fact mention slavery as one of the reasons for their secession.)

To order Patriotic Gore from amazon.com, click here.


STILL WEIRD by Gahan Wilson:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 01/03/2003]

I finished Gahan Wilson's STILL WEIRD, a collection of his macabre cartoons. There's no one like him. Perhaps the fact that he was born dead and is a descendent of P. T. Barnum (*and* Willing Jennings Bryan) has something to do with it. The only artist even close to his style is Edward Gorey, and Gorey is far more formal and restrained.

To order Still Weird from amazon.com, click here.


THE HISTORIAN AS DETECTIVE by Robin W. Winks:

[From "This Week's Reading", MT VOID, 03/28/2003]

I recommend to everyone the article "A Medley of Mysteries: A Number of Dogs That Didn't Bark" by Jacques Barzun and Henry F. Graff (from "The Modern Researcher"), reprinted in THE HISTORIAN AS DETECTIVE (edited by Robin W. Winks). Its discussion of how to judge the truth of what one reads, and how to investigate statements further, is one that people could benefit from. It would prevent believing in spurious speeches purported to be from "Julius Caesar" that don't even scan like Shakespeare. Or that Seabiscuit got more press coverage than either Roosevelt or Hitler. Or that a billion people watched the Oscars one year. Or that Senator Tom Daschle doesn't know which hand to put over his heart to salute the flag. These are all claims we have seen in recent months.

Or consider the following story recounted in an article about Hal Clement in the Readercon Program Book: Clement was a bombardier during World War II. The article says that at the Heidelberg World Science Fiction Convention, someone asked him if he had ever been to Heidelberg before. Clement supposedly responded, "No, but I've been within a few miles of here" (meaning up above the city in a B-24). The main problem with this story, according to Clement, is that he wasn't *at* the Heidelberg Worldcon, as a check of the membership list would show.

I also referred last week to an essay that said (in passing) that Sabbatai Zevi and his followers feared the end of the world in A. D. 1000. As I noted, this is wrong on three counts: 1) Zevi lived in the 17th century. 2) He and his followers were Jewish and didn't care about A. D. 1000. 3) Pretty much no one else cared about A. D. 1000 either; the notion that there was any sort of widespread belief that it signaled the end of the world first surfaced about six hundred years later.

Barzun and Graff also recommend a perpetual calendar, which will tell you that a statement that talks about "Saturday night, December 31, 1959," is just flat-out wrong. (Luckily, I have Mark for this--he can do this sort of calculation in his head and tell me when fake newspaper dates in movies get it wrong as well.)

Barzun and Graff state at one point, "No interesting or important question, though, can be settled without detailed knowledge, solid judgment, lively imagination, and the ability to think straight." And as Hal Clement said in his Guest of honor interview at Readercon, a lot of his stories came because, as he put it, "I had already developed the notion that whenever I heard the words 'of course', I should immediately be suspicious."

To order The Historian as Detective from amazon.com, click here.


Go to Evelyn Leeper's home page. 1