1. SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE BOOK.
The Book of Jubilees is in certain limited aspects the most important book in this volume for the student of religion. Without it we could of course have inferred from Ezra and Nehemiah, the Priests' Code, and the later chapters of Zechariah the supreme position that the law had achieved in Judaism, but without Jubilees we could hardly have imagined such an absolute supremacy as finds expression in this book. This absolute supremacy of the law carried with it, as we have seen in the General Introduction, the suppression of prophecy -at all events of the open exercise of the prophetic gifts. And yet these gifts persisted during all the so-called centuries of silence-from Malachi down to N.T. times, but owing to the fatal incubus of the law these gifts could not find expression save in pseudepigraphic literature. Thus Jubilees represents the triumph of the movement, which had been at work for the past three centuries or more.
And yet this most triumphant manifesto of legalism contained within its pages the element that was destined to dispute its supremacy and finally to reduce the law to the wholly secondary position that alone it could rightly claim. This element of course is apocalyptic, which was the source of the higher theology in Judaism, and subsequently was the parent of Christianity, wherein apocalyptic ceased to be pseudonymous and became one with prophecy.
The Book of Jubilees was written in Hebrew by a Pharisee between the year of the accession of Hyrcanus to the high priesthood in 135 and his breach with the Pharisees some years before his death in 105 B.C. It is the most advanced pre-Christian representative of the midrashic tendency, which has already been at work in the Old Testament Chronicles. As the Chronicler had rewritten the history of Israel and Judah from the basis of the Priests' Code, so our author re-edited from the Pharisaic standpoint of his time the history of events from the creation to the publication, or, according to the author's view, the republication of the law on Sinai. In the course of re-editing he incorporated a large body of traditional lore, which the midrashic process had put at his disposal, and also not a few fresh legal enactments that the exigencies of the past had called forth. His work constitutes an enlarged Targum on Genesis and Exodus, in which difficulties in the biblical narrative are solved, gaps supplied, dogmatically offensive elements removed, and the genuine spirit of later Judaism infused into the primitive history of the world. His object was to defend Judaism against the attacks of the hellenistic spirit that had been in the ascendant one generation earlier and was still powerful, and to prove that the law was of everlasting validity. From our author's contentions and his embittered attacks on the paganisers and apostates, we may infer that Hellenism had urged that the levitical ordinances of the law were only of transitory significance, that they had not been observed by the founders of the nation, and that the time had now come for them to be swept away, and for Israel to take its place in the brotherhood of the nations. Our author regarded all such views as fatal to the very existence of Jewish religion and nationality. But it is not as such that he assailed them, but on the ground of their falsehood. The law, he teaches, is of everlasting validity. Though revealed in time it was superior to time. Before it had been made known in gundry portions to the fathers it had been kept in heaven by the angels, and to its observance henceforward there was no limit in time or in eternity.
Writing in the palmiest days of the Maccabean dominion,in the high-priesthood of John Hyrcanus, looked for the immediate advent of the Messianic kingdom. This kingdom was to be ruled over by a Messiah sprung, not from Levi -that is, from the Maccabean family, as some of his contemporaries expected- but from Judah. This kingdom would be gradually realized on earth, and the transformation of physical nature would go hand in hand with the ethical transformation of man till there was a new heaven and a new earth. Thus, finally, all sin and pain would disappear and men would live to the age of 1,000 years in happiness and peace, and after death enjoy a blessed immortality in the spirit world.
2. VARIOUS TITLES OF THE BOOK.
Our book was known by two distinct titles even in Hebrew. (a) Jubilees
(b) The Little Genesis
(c) Apocalypse of Moses and other alleged names of the book.
(a) Jubilees. This appears from Epiphanius (Haer. xxxix. 6) to have been its usual designation. It is found also in the Syriac Fragment entitled 'Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs according to the Hebrew Book of Jubilees,' first published by Ceriani, Mon. sacra et profana, ii. 1.9-10, and reprinted by the present writer in his edition of The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees. This name admirably describes the book, as it divides into jubilee periods of forty-nine years each the history of the world from the creation to the legislation on Sinai. The writer pursues a perfectly symmetrical development of the heptadic system. Israel enters Canaan at the close of the fiftieth jubilee, i.e. 2450.
(b) The Little Genesis. The epithet 'little' does not refer to the extent of the book, for it is larger than the canonical Genesis, but to its character. It deals more fully with details than the biblical work. The Hebrew title was variously rendered in Greek. 1 [(Gk.) he lepte Genesis (or Lepte Genesis)] as in Epiphanius, Syncellus, Zonaras, Glycas. 2 [(Gk.) he Leptogenesis] in Didymus of Alexandria and in Latin writers, as we may infer from the Decree of Gelasius. 3 [Gk.) ta lepta geneseos] in Syncellus. 4 [(Gk.) Mikrogenesis] in Jerome, who was acquainted with the Hebrew original.
(c) 1 The Apocalypse of Moses.
2 The Testament of Moses.
3 The Book of Adam's Daughters.
4 The Life of Adam.
1 The Apocalypse of Moses. This title had some currency in the time of Synceflus (see i. 5, 49). It forms an appropriate designation since it makes Moses the recipient of all the disclosures in the book. 2 The Testament of Moses. This title is found in the Catena of Nicephorus, i. 175, where it precedes a quotation from x. 21 of our book. It has, however, nothing to do with the Testament of Moses, which has become universally known under the wrong title -the Assumption of Moses. Ronsch and other scholars formerly sought to identify Jubilees with this second Testament of Moses, but this identification is shown to be impossible by the fact that in the Stichometry of Nicephorus 4,300 stichoi are assigned to Jubilees and only 1100 to this Testament of Moses. On the probability of a Testament of Moses having been in circulation -which was in reality an expansion of Jubilees ii-iii see my edition of Jubilees, p. xviii. 3 The Book of Adam's Daughters. This book is identified with Jubilees in the Decree of Gelasius, but it probably consisted merely of certain excerpts from Jubilees dealing with the names and histories of the women mentioned in it. Such a collection, as we have already seen, exists in Syriac, and its Greek prototype was used by the scribe of the LXX MS. no.135 in Holmes and Parsons' edition. 4 The Life of Adam. This title is found in Syncellus i. 7-9. It seems to have been an enlarged edition of the portion of Jubilees, which dealt with the life of Adam.
3. THE ETHIOPIC MSS.
There are four Ethiopic MSS., a b c d, the first and fourth of which belong to the National Library in Paris, the second to the British Museum, and the third to the University Library at Tubingen. Of these a b (of the fifteenth and sixteenth century respectively) are the most trustworthy, though they cannot be followed exclusively. In a, furthermore, the readings of the Ethiopic version of Genesis have replaced the original against bed in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19, 29; iv. 4, 8, &c. For a full description of these MSS. the reader can consult Charles's Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees, pp. xii seqq.
4. THE ANCIENT VERSIONS-GREEK, ETHIOPIC, LATIN, SYRIAC.
(a) The Greek Version is lost save for some fragments which survive in Epiphanius [(Gk.) peri Metron kai Stathmon] (ed. Dindorf, vol. iv. 27-8). This fragment, which consists of ii. 2-21, is published with critical notes in Charles's edition of the Ethiopic text. Other fragments of this version are preserved in Justin Martyr, Origen, Diodorus of Antioch, Isidore of Alexandria, Isidore of Seville, Eutychius, Patriarch of Alexandria, John of Malala, Syncellus, Cedrenus. Syncellus attributes to the Canonical Genesis statements derived from our text. This version is the parent of the Ethiopic and Latin Versions.
(b) The Ethiopic Version. This version is most accurate and trustworthy and indeed as a rule servilely literal. It has, of course, suffered from the corruptions naturally incident to transmission through MSS. Thus dittographies are frequent and lacunae are of occasional occurrence, but the version is singularly free from the glosses and corrections of unscrupulous scribes, though the temptation must have been great to bring it into accord with the Ethiopic version of Genesis. To this source, indeed, we must trace a few perversions of the text: 'my wife' in iii. 6 instead of 'wife'; xv 12; xvii. 12 ('her bottle' instead of 'the bottle'); xxiv. 19 (where the words 'a well' are not found in the Latin version of Jubilees, nor in the Mass., Sam., LXX, Syr., and Vulg. of Gen. xxvi. 19). In the above passages the whole version is influenced, but in a much greater degree has this influence operated on MS. a. Thus in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19, 29, iv. 4, 8, v.3, vi. 9, &c., the readings of the Ethiopic version of Genesis have replaced the original text. In the case of b there appears to be only one instance of this nature in xv. 15 (see Charles's Text, pp. xii seqq.).
For instances of corruption native to this version, see Charles on ii. 2, 7, 21, vi. 21, vii. 22, x. 6, 21, xvi. 18, xxiv. 20, 29, xxxi. 2, xxxix. 4, xli. 15, xlv. 4, xlviii. 6.
(c) The Latin Version. This version, of which about one-fourth has been preserved, was first published by Ceriani in his Monnmenta sacra et profana, 1861, tom. i. fase. i. 15-62. It contains the following sections: xiii. 10b-21; xv. 20b-31a; xvi. 5b-xvii. 6a; xviii. 10b-xix. 25; xx. 5b-xxi. 10a; xxii. 2-19a; xxiii. 8b-23a; xxiv. 13-xxv. 1a; xxvi. 8b-23a; xxvii. 11b-24a; xxviii. 16b-27a; xxix. 8b-xxxi. 1a; xxxi. 9b-1 8, 29b-32; xxxii. 1-8a, 18b-xxxiii. 9a, 18b-xxxiv. 5a; xxxv. 3b-12a; xxxvi. 20b-xxxvii. 5a; xxxviii. 1b-16a; xxxix. 9-xl. 8a; xli. 6b-18; xlii. 2b-14a; xlv. 8-xlvi. 1, 12-xlviii. 5; xlix. 7b-22. This version was next edited by Ronsch in 1874, Das Buch der Fubilaen . . . unter Befugung des revidirten Textes der . . . lateinisehen Fragmente. This work attests enormous industry and great learning, but is deficient in judgement and critical acumen. Ronsch was of opinion that this Latin version was made in Egypt or its neighbourhood by a Palestinian Jew about the middle of the fifth century (pp.459-60). In 1895 Charles edited this text afresh in conjunction with the Ethiopic in the Oxford Anecdota (The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees). To this work and that of Ronsch above the reader must be referred for a fuller treatment of this subject. Here we may draw attention to the following points. This version, where it is preserved, is almost of equal value with the Ethiopic. It has, however, suffered more at the hands of correctors. Thus it has been corrected in conformity with the LXX in xlvi. 14, where it adds 'et Oon' against all other authorities. The Ethiopic version of Exod. i. 11 might have been expected to bring about this addition in our Ethiopic text, but it did not. Two similar instances will be found in xvii. 5, xxiv. 20. Again the Latin version seems to have been influenced by the Vulgate in xxix. 13. xlii. II (canos meos where our Ethiopic text = [(Gk.) mou to geras] as in LXX of Gen. xlii. 38); and probably also in xlvii. 7, 8, and certainly in xlv. 12, where it reads 'in tota terra' for 'in terra'. Of course there is the possibility that the Latin has reproduced faithfully the Greek and that the Greek was faulty; or in case it was correct, that it was the Greek presupposed by our Ethiopic version that was at fault.
Two other passages are deserving of attention, xix. 14 and xxxix. 13. In the former the Latin version 'et creverunt et iuvenes facti sunt' agrees with the Ethiopic version of Gen. xxv. 27 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees and all other authorities on Gen. xxv. 27. Here the peculiar reading can be best explained as having originated in the Greek. In the second passage, the clause 'eorum quae fiebant in carcere' agrees with the Ethiopic version of Gen. xxxix. 23 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees and all other authorities on Gen. xxxix. 23. On the other hand, there is a large array of passages in which the Latin version preserves the true text over against corruptions or omissions in the Ethiopic version: cf. xvi. 16, xix. 5, 10, 11, xx. 6, 10, xxi. 3, xxii. 3, &c. (see my Text, p. xvi).
(d) The Syriac Version. The evidence as to the existence of a Syriac is not conclusive. It is based on the fact that a British Museum MS. (Add. 12154, fol. 180) contains a Syriac fragment entitled, Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs according to the Hebrew Book called Jubilees.' It was first published by Ceriani in his Monumeitta Sacra, 1861, torn. ii. fasc. i. 9-10, and reprinted by Charles as Appendix III to his Text of Jubilees (p. 183).
5. THE ETHIOPIC AND LATIN VERSIONS-TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GREEK.
Like all the biblical literature in Ethiopic, Jubilees was translated into Ethiopic from the Greek. Greek words such as [drus, balanos, lips, schinos, pharaggs, &c., are transliterated into Ethiopic. Secondly, many passages must be retranslated into Greek before we can discover the source of their corruptions. And finally, many names are transliterated as they appear in Greek and not in Hebrew.
That the Latin is derived directly from the Greek is no less obvious. Thus in xxxix. 12 [(Lt.) timoris = (Gk.) deilias], a corruption of douleias; in xxxviii. 13 [(Lt.) honorem = (Gk.) timen], which should have been rendered by (Lt.) tributum. Another class of mistranslations may be seen in passages where the Greek article is rendered by the Latin demonstrative as in (Lt.) huius Abrahae xxix. i6, huic Istrael xxxi. 15. Other evidence pointing in the same direction is to be found in the Greek constructions which have been reproduced in the Latin; such as xvii. 3 (Lt.) mem or fuit sermones' = (Gk.) hemnesthe tous logous: in xv. 22 (Lt.) consummavit loquens = (Gk.) Sunetelese lalon: in xxii. 8 (Lt.) 'in omnibus quibus dedisti' = en pasin ois edokas.
6. THE GREEK-A TRANSLATION FROM THE HEBREW.
The early date of our book -the second century B.C.- and the fact that it was written in Palestine speak for a Semitic original, and the evidence for such an original is conclusive. But the question at once arises, was the original written in Hebrew or Aramaic? Certain proper names in the Latin version ending in -in seem to bespeak an Aramaic original, as Cettin xxiv. 28; Adurin xxxviii. 8,9; Filistin xxiv. 14-16. But since in all these cases the Ethiopic transliterations end in -n and not in -nit is not improbable that this Aramaising in the Latin version is due to the translator, who, as Ronsch has concluded on other grounds, was a Palestinian Jew. Again, in the list of the twelve trees suitable for burning on the altar some are transliterations of Aramaic names. But in a late Hebrew work -written at the close of the second century B.C.- the popular names of such objects would naturally be used. Moreover, in certain cases the Hebrew may have already been forgotten, or, when the tree had been lately introduced, been non-existent.
But the arguments for a Hebrew original are many and weighty. (1) A work which claims to be from the hand of Moses would naturally be written in Hebrew; for Hebrew, according to our author, was the sacred and national language, xii. 25-6; xliii. 15. (2) The revival of the national spirit is, so far as we know, accompanied by a revival of the national language. (3) The existing text must be retranslated into Hebrew in order to explain unintelligible expressions and restore the true text. Thus (Ar.) la 'eleja in xliii. 11 = (Gk.) en emoi; which is a mistranslation in this context of (Hb.); for (Hb.) here = (Gk.) deomai, 'pray,' as in Gen. xliv. 18. In xlvii. 9 the text = (Lt.) 'domum (= Hb. ) Faraonis', but the context demands (Lt.) 'filiam (= Hb.) Faraonis',though here the argument is not conclusive, since (Hb.) might have been corruptly written for (Hb.) which in Aramaic = 'daughter'. Again in xxxvi. 10 (cp. also xxxix. 6) the text = (Gk.) ouk anabesetai (= ja'arg) (Gk.) eis to biblion tes zoes. But ja'arg must = 'will be recorded'. Now this meaning is unattested elsewhere in Ethiopic, but the difficulty is solved when we find that it is a Hebrew idiom: see I Chron. xxvii. 24, 2 Chron. xx. 34. (4) Many paronomasiae discover themselves on retranslation into Hebrew, as in iv. 9 there is a play on the name Enoch, in iv. 15 on Jared, in viii. 8 on Peleg, &c. (5) Many passages are preserved in Rabbinic writings, and the book has much matter in common with the Testaments xii Patriarchs, 'which was written about the same date in Hebrew. Both books, in fact, use a chronology peculiar to themselves. (6) Fragments of the original Hebrew text or of the sources used by its author are to be found in the Book of Noah and the Midrasch Wajjisau in Jellinek's Beth-ha-Midrasch, iii. 155-6, 3-5, reprinted in Charles's edition of the Ethiopic text on pp. 179-81.
7. TEXTUAL AFFINITIES.
A minute study of the text shows that it attests an independent form of the Hebrew text of Genesis and the early chapters of Exodus. Thus it agrees with individual authorities such as the Samaritan or the LXX, or the Syriac, or the Vulgate, or the Targum of Onkelos against all the rest. Or again it agrees with two or more of these authorities in opposition to the rest, as for instance with the Massoretic and Samaritan against the LXX, Syriac and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic and Onkelos against the Samaritan, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic, Samaritan and Syriac against the LXX or Vulgate. But the reader must here be referred to Charles's Book of Jubilees (pp. xxxiii--xxxix) for a full classification of these instances. A study of these phenomena proves that our book represents some form of the Hebrew text midway between the forms presupposed by the LXX and the Syriac; for it agrees more frequently with the LXX, or with combinations into which the LXX enters, than with any other single authority. Next to the LXX it agrees most often with the Syriac or with combinations into which the Syriac enters. On the other hand, its independence of the LXX is shown by a large array of readings, where it has the support of the Samaritan and Massoretic, or of these with various combinations of the Syriac, Vulgate and Onkelos. From these and like considerations we may conclude that the textual evidence points to the composition of our book at some period between 250 B.C. and 100 A.D. and at a time nearer the earlier date than the latter. 4
8. THE VALUE OF THE BOOK OF JUBILEES IN THE CRITICISM OF THE MASSORETIC TEXT OF THE BOOK OF GENESIS.
From a study of the facts which are referred to in the preceding Section it will be clear that before and after the Christian era the Hebrew text did not possess any hard and fast tradition. It will further be obvious that the Massoretic form of this text, which has so long been generally as conservative of the most ancient tradition and as therefore final, is after all only one of many phases through which the text passed in the process of over 1,000 years, ie. 400 B.C. till A.D. 600, or thereabouts.
As we pursue the examination of the materials just mentioned we shall see grounds for regarding the Massoretic text as the result partly of conscious recension and partly of unconscious change extending over many centuries. How this process affected the text in the centuries immediately preceding and subsequent to the Christian era, we have some means of determining in the Hebrew-Samaritan text which, however much it may have been tampered with on religious or polemical grounds, still preserves in many cases the older reading, even as it preserves the older of the alphabet. Next we have the LXX of the Pentateuch, to which we may assign the date 200 B.C.; next the Book of Jubilees just before the Christian era; the Syriac Pentateuch before A.D. 100; the Vulgate of the fourth century; the Targums of Onkelos and Ps.-Jon. in their present form A.D. 300-600.
We have above remarked that the evidence of 6 shows that the Massoretic text is only one of the phases through which the Hebrew text has passed; and if we consider afresh the materials of evidence suggested in that Section in connexion with their dates, and given in some fullness in the Introductions to Charles's Text and Commentary, we shall discover that in some respects it is one of the latest phases of the Hebrew Pentateuch that has been stereotyped by Jewish scholars in the Massoretic text.
This conclusion will tally perfectly with the tradition that all existing Massoretic MSS. are derived in the main from one archetype, i.e. the Hebrew Codex left behind him by Ben Asher, who lived in the tenth century, and whose family had lived at Tiberias in the eighth.
We shall now proceed to give a list of readings in the Massoretic text which should be corrected into accord with the readings attested by such great authorities as the Sam., LXX, Jub., Syr., VuIg.
The following list was published in Charles's Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees in 1895. More than two-thirds of the emendations of the Book of Genesis here suggested were subsequently accepted independently, on the evidence of the Sam., LXX, Syr., Vulg., without a knowledge of Jubilees, by C.J. Ball in his edition of the Hebrew Text of Genesis, 1896, by Kittel in his edition of the Hebrew Text of Genesis, 1905, and more than half in the recent Commentary of Gunkel.
[What follows contains many phrases written in Hebrew. At the time of scanning there was not an accessible means to accurately reproduce the Hebrew script. If this information is desired please see Mr. Charles book.]
9. DATE OF (a) THE ORIGINAL TEXT AND (b) OF THE VERSIONS.
(a) Jubilees was written between 153 B.C. and the year of Hyrcanus' breach with the Pharisees. (1) It was written during the pontificate of the Maccabean family, and not earlier than 155 B.C., when this office was assumed by Jonathan the Maccabee. For in xxxii. 1, Levi is called a 'priest of the Most High God.' Now the only Jewish high-priests who bore this title were the Maccabean, who appear to have assumed it as reviving the order of Melchizedek when they displaced the Zadokite order of Aaron. Despite the objections of the Pharisees, it was used by the Maccabean princes down to Hyrcanus II (Jos. Ant. xvi. 6.2). (2) It was written before 96 B.C.; for since our author was of the strictest sect a Pharisee and at the same time an upholder of the Maccabean pontificate, Jubilees cannot have been written later than 96, when the Pharisees and Alexander Jannaeus were openly engaged in mortal strife. (3) It was written before the public breach between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees when Hyrcanus joined the Sadducean party. As Hyrcanus died in 105, our book was written between 153 and 105.
But it is possible to define these limits more closely. The book presupposes as its historical background the most flourishing period of the Maccabean hegemony -such as that under Simon and Hyrcanus. The conquest of Edom, which was achieved by the latter, is referred to in xxxviii. 14. Again our text reflects accurately the intense hatred of Judah towards the Philistines in the second century B.C. It declares that they will fall into the hands of the righteous nation, and we learn from I Macc. and Josephus that Ashdod and Gaza were destroyed by Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus respectively. But it is in the destruction of Samaria, which is adumbrated in the destruction of Shechem, xxx. 4-6, that we are to look for the true terminus a quo. Now all accounts agree in representing the destruction of Samaria as effected by Hyrcanus about four years before his death. Hence we conclude that Jubilees was written between 109 and 105 B.C.
Many other phenomena point to the second-century origin of our book, which are given in Charles's edition, pp. lviii-lxvi. Amongst these we might mention the currency of older and severer forms of the halacha than prevailed in the rabbinical schools, or were registered in the Mishnah. The severe halacha regarding the sabbath in 1.8, 12, were indubitably in force in the second century B.C., if not earlier, but were afterwards mitigated by the Mishnah and later Judaism. Again the strict halacha in xv. 14 regarding circumcision on the eighth day was a current, probably the current, view in the second century B.C. and earlier, since it has the support of the Samaritan text and the LXX. This strict law was subsequently relaxed in the Mishnah. In xxxii. 15 the severe law of tithing found in Lev. xxvii. 15 is enforced, but rabbinic tradition sought to weaken the statement. As regards the halacha laid down in iii. 31 regarding the duty of covering one's shame, it is highly probable that such a halacha did exist in the second century B.C., when Judaism was protesting against the exposure of the person in the Greek games. See also iii. 8-14 notes and xx. 4 note.
Other cases of strict rules afterwards relaxed are the limitation of trees for use with burnt offerings (see xxi. 12-15 notes), the restriction of the eating of the passover to the court of the Lords house (see xlix. 20 note), the close adherence to the exacting demand of Lev. xix. 24 that the fourth year's fruit should be holy (see vii. 36 notes), though here we have a variant reading. Note that the rest of the firstfruits belong to the priests, who are to eat them 'before the altar.' On the other hand, the thank-offerings in xxi. 8-10 do not belong to the priest. The computation of the Feast of Weeks is different from the later prevalent Pharisaic reckoning (see xv. 1 note; xvi. 13, xliv. 4-5), while the account of the Feast of Tabernacles in xvi. 21-31 is peculiar to Jubilees.
Finally, we might draw attention to the fact that the Pharisaic regulation about pouring water on the altar (Jer. Sukk. iv. 6; Sukk. 44a) at the feast of tabernacles appears to have been unknown to him. We know that the attempt of the Pharisees to enforce its adoption on Alexander Jannaeus resulted in a massacre of the former. Attention might also be drawn to the fact that the Priests and Levites still numbered in their ranks, as in the days of the author of Chronicles, the masters of the schools and the men of learning, and that these positions were not filled as in the days of Shammai and Hillel by men drawn from the laity. This inference is to be deduced from the fact that the Levites are represented as the guardians of the sacred books and of the secret lore transmitted from the worthies of old time (x. 4, xlv. 16).
(b) Date of the Ethiopic and Latin Versions. There is no evidence for determining the exact date of the Ethiopic version, but since it was practically regarded as a canonical book it was probably made in the sixth century. Ronsch, as we have already pointed out in 4, gives some evidence for regarding the Latin version as made in the fifth century.
10 JUBILEES FROM ONE AUTHOR BUT BASED ON EASTERN BOOKS AND TRADITIONS.
Our book is the work of one author, but is largely based on earlier books and traditions. The narrative of Genesis forms of course the bulk of the book, but much that is characteristic in it is due to his use of many pseudepigraphic and ancient traditions. Amongst the former might be mentioned the Book of Noah, from which in a modified form he borrows vii. 20-39, x. 1-15. In vii. 26-39 he reproduces his source so faithfully that he leaves the persons unchanged, and forgets to adapt this fragment to its new context. Similarly our author lays the Book of Enoch under contribution, and is of great value in this respect in determining the dates of the various sections of this book. See Introd. to I Book of Enoch, in loc. For other authorities and traditions used by our author see Charles's edition, 13.
11. JUBILEES IS A PRODUCT OF THE MIDRASHIC TENDENCY WHICH HAD BEEN ALREADY AT WORK IN THE O.T. BOOKS OF CHRONICLES.
The Chronicler rewrote with an object the earlier history of Israel and Judah already recounted in Samuel and Kings. His object was to represent David and his pious successors as observing all the prescripts of the law according to the Priests' Code. In the course of this process all facts that did not square with the Chronicler's presuppositions were either omitted or transformed. Now the author of Jubilees sought to do for Genesis what the Chronicler had done for Samuel and Kings, and so he rewrote it in such a way as to show that the law was rigorously observed even by the Patriarchs. The author represents his book to be as a whole a revelation of God to Moses, forming a supplement to and an interpretation of the Pentateuch, which he designates 'the first law' (vi. 22). This revelation was in part a secret republication of the traditions handed down from father to son in antediluvian and subsequent times. From the time of Moses onwards it was preserved in the hands of the priesthood, till the time came for its being made known.
Our author's procedure is of course in direct antagonism with the presuppositions of the Priests' Code in Genesis, for according to this code 'Noah may build no altar, Abraham offer no sacrifice, Jacob erect no sacred pillar. No offering is recorded till Aaron and his sons are ready' (Carpenter, The Hexateuch, i. 124). This fact seems to emphasize in the strongest manner how freely our author reinterpreted his authorities for the past. But he was only using to the full a right that had been exercised for nearly four centuries already in regard to Prophecy and for four or thereabouts in regard to the law.
12. OBJECT OF JUBILEES -THE DEFENCE AND EXPOSITION OF JUDAISM FROM THE PHARISAIC STANDPOINT OF THE SECOND CENTURY B.C.
The object of our author was to defend Judaism against the disintegrating effects of Hellenism, and this he did (a) by glorifying the law as an eternal ordinance and representing the patriarchs as models of piety; (b) by glorifying Israel and insisting on its separation from the Gentiles; and (e) by denouncing the Gentiles and particularly Israel's national enemies. In this last respect Judaism regarded its own attitude to the Gentiles as not only justifiable but also just, because it was a reflection of the divine.
But on (a) it is to be observed further that to our author the law, as a whole, was the realization in time of what was in a sense timeless and eternal. It was observed not only on earth by Israel but in heaven. Parts of the law might have only a time reference, to Israel on earth, but in the privileges of circumcision and the Sabbath, as its highest and everlasting expression, the highest orders of archangels in heaven shared with Israel (ii. i8, 19, 21; xv. 26-28). The law, therefore, was supreme, and could admit of no assessor in the form of Prophecy. There was no longer any prophet because the law had made the free exercise of his gift an offence against itself and God. So far, therefore, as Prophecy existed, it could exist only under the guise of pseudonymity. The seer, who had like Daniel and others a message for his time, could only gain a hearing by issuing it under the name of some ancient worthy.
13. THE AUTHOR -A PHARISEE WHO RECOGNIZED THE MACCABEAN PONTIFICATE AND WAS PROBABLY A PRIEST.
Since our author was an upholder of the everlasting validity of the law, and held the strictest views on circumcision, the Sabbath, and the duty of complete separation from the Gentiles, since he believed in angels and demons and a blessed immortality, he was unquestionably a Pharisee of the strictest sect. In the next place, he was a supporter of the Maccabean pontificate. He glorifies Levi's successors as high-priests and civil rulers, and applies to them the title priests of the Most High God '-the title assumed by the Maccabean princes (xxxii. 1). He was not, however, so thoroughgoing an admirer of this dynasty as the authors of Test. Lev. xviii. or Ps. cx, who expected the Messiah to come forth from the Maccabean family. Finally, that our author was a priest might reasonably be inferred from the exaltation of Levi over Judah (xxxi-xxxii), and from the statement in xlv. i6 that the secret traditions, which our author claims to publish, were kept in the hands of Levi's descendants.
14. INFLUENCE ON LATER LITERATURE.
On the influence of Jubilees on I Enoch i-v, xci-civ, Wisdom (?), 4 Ezra, Chronicles of Jerachmeel, Midrash Tadshe, Book of Jasher, the Samaritan Chronicle, on Patristic and other writings, and on the New Testament writers, see Charles's edition, pp. lxxiii-lxxxvi.
15. THEOLOGY. SOME OF OUR AUTHOR'S VIEWS.
Freedom and determinism. The author of Jubilees is a true Pharisee in that he combines belief in Divine omnipotence and providence with the belief in human freedom and responsibility. He would have adopted heartily the statement of the Pss. Sol. ix. 7 (written some sixty years or more later) (Gk.) ta erga emon en ekloge kai exousia tes psuches emon, tou poiesai dikaiosunen kai adikian en ergois cheiron emon: v. 6 anthropos kai e meris autou para soi en stathmo ou prosthesei tou pleonasai para to krima sou, o theos. Thus the path in which a man should walk is ordained for him and the judgement of all men predetermined on the heavenly tablets: 'And the judgment of all is ordained and written on the heavenly tablets in righteousness -even the judgment of all who depart from the path which is ordained for them to walk in' (v.13). This idea of an absolute determinism underlies many conceptions of the heavenly tablets (see Charles's edition, iii. 10 note). On the other hand, man's freedom and responsibility are fully recognized: 'If they walk not therein, judgment is written down for every creature' (v. 13): 'Beware lest thou walk in their ways, And tread in their paths, And sin a sin unto death before the Most High God. Else He will give thee back into the hand of thy transgression.' Even when a man has sinned deeply he can repent and be forgiven (xli. 24 seq.), but the human will needs the strengthening of a moral dynamic: 'May the Most High God . . . strengthen thee to do His will' (xxi. 25, xxii. 10).
The Fall. The effects of the Fall were limited to Adam and the animal creation. Adam was driven from the garden (iii. 17 seqq.) and the animal creation was robbed of the power of speech (iii. 28). But the subsequent depravity of the human race is not traced to the Fall but to the seduction of the daughters of men by the angels, who had been sent down to instruct men (v.1-4), and to the solicitations of demonic spirits (vii. 27). The evil engendered by the former was brought to an end by the destruction of all the descendants of the angels and of their victims by the Deluge, but the incitement to sin on the part of the demons was to last to the final judgement (vii. 27, x. 1-15, xi. 4 seq., xii. 20). This last view appears in I Enoch and the N.T.
The Law. The law was of eternal validity. It was not the expression of the religious consciousness of one or of several ages, but the revelation in time of what was valid from the beginning and unto all eternity. The various enactments of the law moral and ritual, were written on the heavenly tablets (iii. 31, vi. 17, &c.) and revealed to man through the mediation of angels (i. 27). This conception of the law, as I have already pointed out, made prophecy impossible unless under the guise of pseudonymity. Since the law was the ultimate and complete expression of absolute truth, there was no room for any further revelation: much less could any such revelation, were it conceivable, supersede a single jot or tittle of the law as already revealed. The ideal of the faithful Jew was to be realized in the fulfilment of the moral and ritual precepts of this law: the latter were of no less importance than the former. Though this view of morality tends to be mainly external, our author strikes a deeper note when he declares that, when Israel turned to God with their whole heart, He would circumcise the foreskin of their heart and create a right spirit within them and cleanse them, so that they would not turn away from Him for ever (i. 23). Our author specially emphasizes certain elements of the law such as circumcision (xvi. 14, xv. 26, 29), the Sabbath (ii. 18 seq., 31 seq.), eating of blood (vi. 14), tithing of the tithe (xxxii. 10), Feast of Tabernacles (xvi. 29), Feast of Weeks (vi. 17), the absolute prohibition of mixed marriages (xx. 4, xxii. 20, xxv. 1-10). In connexion with many of these he enunciates halacha which belong to an earlier date than those in the Mishnah, but which were either modified or abrogated by later authorities.
The Messiah. Although our author is an upholder of the Maccabean dynasty he still clings like the writer of I Enoch lxxxiii-xc to the hope of a Messiah sprung from Judah. He makes, however, only one reference to this Messiah, and no role of any importance is assigned to him (see Charles's edition, xxxi. 18 n.). The Messianic expectation showed no vigorous life throughout this century till it was identified with the Maccabean family. If we are right in regarding the Messianic kingdom as of temporary duration, this is the first instance in which the Messiah is associated with a temporary Messianic kingdom.
The Messianic kingdom. According to our author (i. 29, xxiii. 30) this kingdom was to be brought about gradually by the progressive spiritual development of man and a corresponding transformation of nature. Its members were to attain to the full limit of 1,000 years in happiness and peace. During its continuance the powers of evil were to be restrained (xxiii. 29). The last judgement was apparently to take place at its close (xxiii. 30). This view was possibly derived from Mazdeism.
The writer of Jubilees, we can hardly doubt, thought that the era of the Messianic kingdom had already set in. Such an expectation was often cherished in the prosperous days of the Maccabees. Thus it was entertained by the writer of I Enoch lxxxiii-xc in the days of Judas before 161 B.C. Whether Jonathan was looked upon as the divine agent for introducing the kingdom we cannot say, but as to Simon being regarded in this light there is no doubt. Indeed, his contemporaries came to regard him as the Messiah himself, as we see from Psalm cx, or Hyrcanus in the noble Messianic hymn in Test. Levi 18. The tame effus1on in 1 Macc. xiv. 8-15 is a relic of such literature, which was emasculated by its Sadducean editor. Simon was succeeded by John Hyrcanus in 135 B.C. and this great prince seemed to his countrymen to realize the expectations of the past; for according to a contemporary writer (Test. Levi 8) he embraced in his own person the triple office of prophet, priest, and civil ruler (xxxi. i5), while according to the Test. Reuben 6 he was to 'die on behalf of Israel in wars seen and unseen'. In both these passages he seems to be accorded the Messianic office, but not so in our author, as we have seen above. Hyrcanus is only to introduce the Messianic kingdom, over which the Messiah sprung from Judah is to rule.
Priesthood of Melchizedek. That there was originally an account of Melchizedek in our text we have shown in the note on xiii. 2,5, and, that the Maccabean high-priests deliberately adopted the title applied to him in Gen. xiv, we have pointed out in the note on xxxii. I. It would be interesting to inquire how far the writer of Hebrews was indebted to the history of the great Maccabean king-priests for the idea of the Melchizedekian priesthood of which he has made so fruitful a use in chap. vii as applied to our Lord.
The Future Life. In our text all hope of a resurrection of the body is abandoned. The souls of the righteous will enjoy a blessed immortality after death (xxiii. 31). This is the earliest attested instance of this expectation in the last two centuries B.C. It is next found in Enoch xci-civ.
The Jewish Calendar. For our author's peculiar views see Charles's edition 18 and the notes on vi. 29-30, 32, xv. I.
Angelology. We shall confine our attention here to notable parallels between our author and the New Testament. Besides the angels of the presence and the angels of sanctification there are the angels who are set over natural phenomena (ii. 2). These angels are inferior to the former. They do not observe the Sabbath as the higher orders; for they are necessarily always engaged in their duties (ii. 18). It is the higher orders that are generally referred to in the New Testament but the angels over natural phenomena are referred to in Revelation: angels of the winds in vii. 1, 2, the angel of fire in xiv. 18, the angel of the waters in xvi. 5 (cf. Jub. ii. 2). Again, the guardian angels of individuals, which the New Testament refers to in Matt. xviii. 10 (Acts xii. 15), are mentioned, for the first time in Jubilees xxxv. 17. On the angelology of our author see Charles's edition.
Demonology. The demonology of our author reappears for the most part in the New Testament:
(a) The angels which kept not their first estate, Jude 6 ; 2 Peter ii. 4, are the angelic watchers who, though sent down to instruct mankind (Jub. iv. 15), fell from lusting after the daughters of men. Their fall and punishment are recorded in Jub. iv. 22, v.1-9.
(b) The demons are the spirits which went forth from the souls of the giants who were the children of the fallen angels, Jub. v. 7, 9. These demons attacked men and ruled over them (x. 3, 6). Their purpose is to corrupt and lead astray and destroy the wicked (x. 8). They are subject to the prince Mastema (x. 9), or Satan. Men sacrifice to them as gods (xxii. 17). They are to pursue their work of moral ruin till the judgement of Mastema (x. 8) or the setting up of the Messianic kingdom, when Satan will be no longer able to injure mankind (xxiii. 29).
So in the New Testament, the demons are disembodied spirits (Matt. xii. 43-5; Luke xi. 24-6). Their chief is Satan (Mark iii. 22). They are treated as divinities of the heathen (I Cor. x. 20). They are not to be punished till the final judgement (Matt. viii. 29). On the advent of the Millennium Satan will be bound (Rev. xx. 2-3).
Judgement. The doctrine of retribution is strongly enforced by our author. It is to be individual and national in this world and in the next. As regards the individual the law of exact retribution is according to our author not merely an enactment of human justice -the ancient lox talionis, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; it is observed by God in His government of the world. The penalty follows in the line of the sin. This view is enforced in 2 Macc. v. 10, where it is said of Jason, that, as he robbed multitudes of the rites of sepulture, so he himself was deprived of them in turn, and in xv. 32 seq. it is recounted of Nicanor that he was punished in those members with which he had sinned. So also in our text in reference to Cain iv. 31 seq. and the Egyptians xlviii. 14. Taken crassly and mechanically the above law is without foundation, but spiritually conceived it represented the profound truth of the kinship of the penalty to the sin enunciated repeatedly in the New Testament: 'Whatsoever a man sows that shall he also reap' (Gal. vi.;); 'he that doeth wrong shall receive again the wrong that he hath done' (Col. iii. 25, &c.). Again in certain cases the punishment was to follow instantaneously on the transgression (xxxvii. 17).
The final judgement was to take place at the close of the Messianic kingdom (xxiii. 30). This judgement embraces the human and superhuman worlds (v. 10 seq., 14). At this judgement there will be no respect of persons, but all will be judged according to their opportunities and abilities (v. 15 seq.). From the standpoint of our author there could be no hope for the Gentiles.
16. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
(a) Greek Version: see above, 4 (a). Ethiopic Version: this text was first edited by Dillmann from two MSS. cd in 1859, and by R. H. Charles from four MSS. abcd. The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees with the Hebrew, Syriac, Greek, and Latin Fragments, Oxford, 1895. Latin Version: see above, 4 (a).
(b) Translations. Dillrnann, Das Buch der Jubilaen . . . aus dem Aethiopischen ubersetzt (Ewald's Jahrbucher d. bibl. Wissensch., 1850-1, ii. 230-56; iii. 1-96). This translation is based on only one MS. Schodde, The Book of Jubilees, translated from the Ethiopic ('Bibliotheca Sacra,' 1885-7): Charles, The Book of Jubilees, translated from a text based on two hitherto uncollated Ethiopic MSS. (Jewish Quarterly Review, 1893, v. 703-8; 1894, vi. 184-217, 710-45; 1895, vii. 297-328): Littmann, Das Buch der Jubilaen (Kantzsch's Apokryphen und Pseudepigraphen des A. T., 1900, ii. 31-119). This translation is based on Charles's text.
(c) Commentaries. Charles, The Book ofjubilees, 1902. Ronsch published a Commentary on the Latin Version. See above, 4.
(d) Critical Inquiries. Dillmann, 'Pseudepigraphen des A. T.,' Herzog's R. E.2, xii. 364-5; 'Beitrage aus dem Buche der Jubilaen zur Kritik des Pentateuch-Textes' (Sitzungsberichte der kgl. preussischen Akad., 1883); Beer, Das Buch der Jubilaen, 1856; Singer, Das Buck der Jubilaen, 1898; Bohn, 'Die Pedeutung des Buches der Jubilaen' (Theol. Stud. u. Kritiken, 1900, 167-84). For a full bibliography see Charles's Commentary or Schurer.
THE BOOK OF JUBILEES
[Notes and dates added by Mr. Charles will not be given due to length and difficulty in scanning and editing. If this information is desired, please see his book.]
THIS is the history of the division of the days of the law and of the testimony, of the events of the
years, of their (year) weeks, of their Jubilees throughout all the years of the world, as the Lord
spake to Moses on Mount Sinai when he went up to receive the tables of the law and of the
commandment, according to the voice of God as he said unto him, 'Go up to the top of the
Mount.'
[Chapter 1]
1 And it came to pass in the first year of the exodus of the children of Israel out of Egypt,
in the third month, on the sixteenth day of the month, [2450 Anno Mundi] that God spake to
Moses, saying: 'Come up to Me on the Mount, and I will give thee two tables of stone of the law
and of the commandment, which
2 I have written, that thou mayst teach them.' And Moses went up into the mount of God,
and the
3 glory of the Lord abode on Mount Sinai, and a cloud overshadowed it six days. And He
called to Moses on the seventh day out of the midst of the cloud, and the appearance of the glory
of the
4 Lord was like a flaming fire on the top of the mount. And Moses was on the Mount
forty days and forty nights, and God taught him the earlier and the later history of the division of
all the days
5 of the law and of the testimony. And He said: 'Incline thine heart to every word which I
shall speak to thee on this mount, and write them in a book in order that their generations may see
how I have not forsaken them for all the evil which they have wrought in transgressing the
covenant
6 which I establish between Me and thee for their generations this day on Mount Sinai.
And thus it will come to pass when all these things come upon them, that they will recognise that
I am more righteous than they in all their judgments and in all their actions, and they will
recognise that
7 I have been truly with them. And do thou write for thyself all these words which I
declare unto, thee this day, for I know their rebellion and their stiff neck, before I bring them into
the land of which I sware to their fathers, to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob, saying: ' Unto
your seed
8 will I give a land flowing with milk and honey. And they will eat and be satisfied, and
they will turn to strange gods, to (gods) which cannot deliver them from aught of their tribulation:
and this witness shall be heard for a witness against them. For they will forget all My
commandments, (even) all that I command them, and they will walk after the Gentiles, and after
their uncleanness, and after their shame, and will serve their gods, and these will
10 prove unto them an offence and a tribulation and an affliction and a snare. And many
will perish and they will be taken captive, and will fall into the hands of the enemy, because they
have forsaken My ordinances and My commandments, and the festivals of My covenant, and My
sabbaths, and My holy place which I have hallowed for Myself in their midst, and My tabernacle,
and My sanctuary, which I have hallowed for Myself in the midst of the land, that I should set my
name
11 upon it, and that it should dwell (there). And they will make to themselves high places
and groves and graven images, and they will worship, each his own (graven image), so as to go
astray, and they
12 will sacrifice their children to demons, and to all the works of the error of their hearts.
And I will send witnesses unto them, that I may witness against them, but they will not hear, and
will slay the witnesses also, and they will persecute those who seek the law, and they will abrogate
and change
13 everything so as to work evil before My eyes. And I will hide My face from them, and I
will deliver them into the hand of the Gentiles for captivity, and for a prey, and for devouring, and
I will remove them from the midst of the land, and I will scatter them amongst the Gentiles.
14 And they will forget all My law and all My commandments and all My judgments, and
will go
15 astray as to new moons, and sabbaths, and festivals, and jubilees, and ordinances. And
after this they will turn to Me from amongst the Gentiles with all their heart and with all their soul
and with all their strength, and I will gather them from amongst all the Gentiles, and they will seek
me, so
16 that I shall be found of them, when they seek me with all their heart and with all their
soul. And I will disclose to them abounding peace with righteousness, and I will remove them the
plant of uprightness, with all My heart and with all My soul, and they shall be for a blessing and
not for
17 a curse, and they shall be the head and not the tail. And I will build My sanctuary in
their midst, and I will dwell with them, and I will be their God and they shall be My people in
truth and
18, 19 righteousness. And I will not forsake them nor fail them; for I am the Lord their
God.' And Moses fell on his face and prayed and said, 'O Lord my God, do not forsake Thy
people and Thy inheritance, so that they should wander in the error of their hearts, and do not
deliver them into the hands of their enemies, the Gentiles, lest they should rule over them and
cause them to sin against
20 Thee. Let thy mercy, O Lord, be lifted up upon Thy people, and create in them an
upright spirit, and let not the spirit of Beliar rule over them to accuse them before Thee, and to
ensnare them
21 from all the paths of righteousness, so that they may perish from before Thy face. But
they are Thy people and Thy inheritance, which thou hast delivered with thy great power from the
hands of the Egyptians: create in them a clean heart and a holy spirit, and let them not be ensnared
in
22 their sins from henceforth until eternity.' And the Lord said unto Moses: 'I know their
contrariness and their thoughts and their stiffneckedness, and they will not be obedient till they
confess
23 their own sin and the sin of their fathers. And after this they will turn to Me in all
uprightness and with all (their) heart and with all (their) soul, and I will circumcise the foreskin of
their heart and the foreskin of the heart of their seed, and I will create in them a holy spirit, and I
will cleanse them so that they shall not turn away from Me from that day unto eternity.
24 And their souls will cleave to Me and to all My commandments, and they will fulfil My
25 commandments, and I will be their Father and they shall be My children. And they all
shall be called children of the living God, and every angel and every spirit shall know, yea, they
shall know that these are My children, and that I am their Father in uprightness and righteousness,
and that
26 I love them. And do thou write down for thyself all these words which I declare unto
thee on this mountain, the first and the last, which shall come to pass in all the divisions of the
days in the law and in the testimony and in the weeks and the jubilees unto eternity, until I
descend and dwell
27 with them throughout eternity.' And He said to the angel of the presence: Write for
Moses from
28 the beginning of creation till My sanctuary has been built among them for all eternity.
And the Lord will appear to the eyes of all, and all shall know that I am the God of Israel and the
Father of all the children of Jacob, and King on Mount Zion for all eternity. And Zion and
Jerusalem shall
29 be holy.' And the angel of the presence who went before the camp of Israel took the
tables of the divisions of the years -from the time of the creation- of the law and of the testimony
of the weeks of the jubilees, according to the individual years, according to all the number of the
jubilees [according, to the individual years], from the day of the [new] creation when the heavens
and the earth shall be renewed and all their creation according to the powers of the heaven, and
according to all the creation of the earth, until the sanctuary of the Lord shall be made in
Jerusalem on Mount Zion, and all the luminaries be renewed for healing and for peace and for
blessing for all the elect of Israel, and that thus it may be from that day and unto all the days of the
earth.
[Chapter 2]
[Chapter 3]
[Chapter 4]
[Chapter 5]
[Chapter 6]
[Chapter 7]
[Chapter 8]
7 thereof. And she bare him a son in the fifth year [1503 A.M.] thereof, and he called his
name Eber: and he took unto himself a wife, and her name was 'Azurad, the daughter of Nebrod,
in the thirty-second [Chapter 9]
[Chapter 10]
[Chapter 11]
11 And the prince Mastema sent ravens and birds to devour the seed which was sown in
the land, in order to destroy the land, and rob the children of men of their labours. Before they
could plough [Chapter 12]
[Chapter 13]
[Chapter 14]
[Chapter 15]
[Chapter 16]
[Chapter 17]
[Chapter 18]
18 dwelt by the Well of the Oath. And he celebrated this festival every year, seven days
with joy, and he called it the festival of the Lord according to the seven days during which he
went and [Chapter 19]
[Chapter 20]
2 and his twelve sons, and Isaac and his two sons, and the six sons of Keturah, and their
sons. And he commanded them that they should observe the way of the Lord; that they should
work righteousness, and love each his neighbour, and act on this manner amongst all men; that
they should each [Chapter 21]
[Chapter 22]
[Chapter 23]
[Chapter 24]
2 of this jubilee, seven years. And in the first year of the fourth week a famine began in
the land, [2080 A.M.]
3 besides the first famine, which had been in the days of Abraham. And Jacob sod lentil
pottage, and Esau came from the field hungry. And he said to Jacob his brother: 'Give me of this
red pottage.' And Jacob said to him: 'Sell to me thy [primogeniture, this] birthright and I will
give
22 forty-fourth jubilee. And the Lord appeared to him that night, on the new moon of the
first month, and said unto him: 'I am the God of Abraham thy father; fear not, for I am with thee,
and shall bless thee and shall surely multiply thy seed as the sand of the earth, for the sake of
Abraham my [Chapter 25]
[Chapter 26]
2 old, my son, and behold my eyes are dim in seeing, and I know not the day of my death.
And now take thy hunting weapons thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and hunt and
catch me (venison), my son, and make me savoury meat, such as my soul loveth, and bring it to
me that I may [Chapter 27]
[Chapter 28]
[Chapter 29]
[Chapter 30]
[Chapter 31]
[Chapter 32]
[Chapter 33]
[Chapter 34]
[Chapter 35]
[Chapter 36]
[Chapter 37]
[Chapter 38]
[Chapter 39]
[Chapter 40]
[Chapter 41]
8 in the fifth year of this week. And in the sixth year Judah went up to shear his sheep at
Timnah. [2169 A.M.]
9 And they told Tamar: 'Behold thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah to shear his sheep.'
And she put off her widow's clothes, and put on a veil, and adorned herself, and sat in the gate
adjoining the
22 and Zerah, in the seventh year of this second week. And thereupon the seven years of
fruitfulness [Chapter 42]
2 land, and the rain refused to be given to the earth, for none whatever fell. And the earth
grew barren, but in the land of Egypt there was food, for Joseph had gathered the seed of the land
in the [Chapter 43]
[Chapter 44]
[Chapter 45]
12 the fourth week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Joseph took of the corn of the harvest
the fifth part for the king and left four parts for them for food and for seed, and Joseph made it an
ordinance for
14 year of the fifth week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Israel blessed his sons before he
died and told them everything that would befall them in the land of Egypt; and he made known to
them what would come upon them in the last days, and blessed them and gave to Joseph two
portions in [Chapter 46]
2 weeks of years, all the days of the life of Joseph And there was no Satan nor any evil all
the days of the life of Joseph which he lived after his father Jacob, for all the Egyptians honoured
the children
9 all his brethren died after him. And the king of Egypt went forth to war with the king of
Canaan [2263 A.M.] in the forty-seventh jubilee, in the second week in the second year, and the
children of Israel brought forth all the bones of the children of Jacob save the bones of Joseph,
and they buried them in the [Chapter 47]
2 forty-eighth jubilee; this was the time of tribulation on the children of Israel. And
Pharaoh, king of Egypt, issued a command regarding them that they should cast all their male
children which were
11 of the children of Israel, and thou didst slay him and hide him in the sand. And on the
second day thou didst and two of the children of Israel striving together, and thou didst say to him
who was [Chapter 48]
[Chapter 49]
[Chapter 50]
1 And the angel of the presence spake to Moses according to the word of the Lord,
saying: Write the complete history of the creation, how in six days the Lord God finished all His
works and all that He created, and kept Sabbath on the seventh day and hallowed it for all ages,
and
2 appointed it as a sign for all His works. For on the first day He created the heavens
which are above and the earth and the waters and all the spirits which serve before him -the angels
of the presence, and the angels of sanctification, and the angels [of the spirit of fire and the angels]
of the spirit of the winds, and the angels of the spirit of the clouds, and of darkness, and of snow
and of hail and of hoar frost, and the angels of the voices and of the thunder and of the lightning,
and the angels of the spirits of cold and of heat, and of winter and of spring and of autumn and of
summer and of all the spirits of his creatures which are in the heavens and on the earth, (He
created) the abysses and the darkness, eventide (and night), and the light, dawn and day, which
He hath
3 prepared in the knowledge of his heart. And thereupon we saw His works, and praised
Him, and lauded before Him on account of all His works; for seven great works did He create on
the first day.
4 And on the second day He created the firmament in the midst of the waters, and the
waters were divided on that day -half of them went up above and half of them went down below
the firmament (that was) in the midst over the face of the whole earth. And this was the only
work (God) created
5 on the second day. And on the third day He commanded the waters to pass from off the
face of
6 the whole earth into one place, and the dry land to appear. And the waters did so as He
commanded them, and they retired from off the face of the earth into one place outside of this
firmament,
7 and the dry land appeared. And on that day He created for them all the seas according
to their separate gathering-places, and all the rivers, and the gatherings of the waters in the
mountains and on all the earth, and all the lakes, and all the dew of the earth, and the seed which
is sown, and all sprouting things, and fruit-bearing trees, and trees of the wood, and the garden of
Eden, in Eden
8 and all
9 light from the darkness. And God appointed the sun to be a great sign on the earth for
days and
10 for sabbaths and for months and for feasts and for years and for sabbaths of years and
for jubilees and for all seasons of the years. And it divideth the light from the darkness [and] for
prosperity, that all things may prosper which shoot and grow on the earth. These three kinds He
made on the fourth day. And on the fifth day He created great sea monsters in the depths of the
waters, for these were the first things of flesh that were created by his hands, the fish and
everything that moves in the
12 waters, and everything that flies, the birds and all their kind. And the sun rose above
them to prosper (them), and above everything that was on the earth, everything that shoots out of
the earth, and all
13 fruit-bearing trees, and all flesh. These three kinds He created on the fifth day. And on
the sixth day
14 He created all the animals of the earth, and all cattle, and everything that moves on the
earth. And after all this He created man, a man and a woman created He them, and gave him
dominion over all that is upon the earth, and in the seas, and over everything that flies, and over
beasts and over cattle, and over everything that moves on the earth, and over the whole earth, and
over all this He gave
15 him dominion. And these four kinds He created on the sixth day. And there were
altogether
16 two and twenty kinds. And He finished all his work on the sixth day -all that is in the
heavens and on the earth, and in the seas and in the abysses, and in the light and in the darkness,
and in
17 everything. And He gave us a great sign, the Sabbath day, that we should work six
days, but
18 keep Sabbath on the seventh day from all work. And all the angels of the presence, and
all the angels of sanctification, these two great classes -He hath bidden us to keep the Sabbath
with Him
19 in heaven and on earth. And He said unto us: 'Behold, I will separate unto Myself a
people from among all the peoples, and these shall keep the Sabbath day, and I will sanctify them
unto Myself as My people, and will bless them; as I have sanctified the Sabbath day and do
sanctify (it) unto
20 Myself, even so will I bless them, and they shall be My people and I will be their God.
And I have chosen the seed of Jacob from amongst all that I have seen, and have written him
down as My first-born son,and have sanctified him unto Myself for ever and ever; and I will teach
them the
21 Sabbath day, that they may keep Sabbath thereon from all work.' And thus He created
therein a sign in accordance with which they should keep Sabbath with us on the seventh day, to
eat and to drink, and to bless Him who has created all things as He has blessed and sanctified unto
Himself
22 a peculiar people above all peoples, and that they should keep Sabbath together with
us. And He caused His commands to ascend as a sweet savour acceptable before Him all the days
. . .
23 There (were) two and twenty heads of mankind from Adam to Jacob, and two and
twenty kinds of work were made until the seventh day; this is blessed and holy; and the former
also is blessed and
24 holy; and this one serves with that one for sanctification and blessing. And to this
(Jacob and his seed) it was granted that they should always be the blessed and holy ones of the
first testimony
25 and law, even as He had sanctified and blessed the Sabbath day on the seventh day. He
created heaven and earth and everything that He created in six days, and God made the seventh
day holy, for all His works; therefore He commanded on its behalf that, whoever does any work
thereon
26 shall die, and that he who defiles it shall surely die. Wherefore do thou command the
children of Israel to observe this day that they may keep it holy and not do thereon any work, and
not to
27 defile it, as it is holier than all other days. And whoever profanes it shall surely die, and
whoever does thereon any work shall surely die eternally, that the children of Israel may observe
this day throughout their generations, and not be rooted out of the land; for it is a holy day and a
blessed
28 day. And every one who observes it and keeps Sabbath thereon from all his work, will
be holy and
29 blessed throughout all days like unto us. Declare and say to the children of Israel the
law of this day both that they should keep Sabbath thereon, and that they should not forsake it in
the error of their hearts; (and) that it is not lawful to do any work thereon which is unseemly, to
do thereon their own pleasure, and that they should not prepare thereon anything to be eaten or
drunk, and (that it is not lawful) to draw water, or bring in or take out thereon through their gates
any burden,
30 which they had not prepared for themselves on the sixth day in their dwellings. And
they shall not bring in nor take out from house to house on that day; for that day is more holy and
blessed than any jubilee day of the jubilees; on this we kept Sabbath in the heavens before it was
made
31 known to any flesh to keep Sabbath thereon on the earth. And the Creator of all things
blessed it, but he did not sanctify all peoples and nations to keep Sabbath thereon, but Israel
alone: them
32 alone he permitted to eat and drink and to keep Sabbath thereon on the earth. And the
Creator of all things blessed this day which He had created for blessing and holiness and glory
above all
33 days. This law and testimony was given to the children of Israel as a law for ever unto
their generations.
1 And on the six days of the second week we brought, according to the word of God,
unto Adam all the beasts, and all the cattle, and all the birds, and everything that moves on the
earth, and everything that moves in the water, according to their kinds, and according to their
types: the beasts on the first day; the cattle on the second day; the birds on the third day; and all
that which moves on the earth on the fourth day; and that which moves in the water on the fifth
day.
2 And Adam named them all by their respective names, and as he called them, so was their
name.
3 And on these five days Adam saw all these, male and female, according to every kind
that was on
4 the earth, but he was alone and found no helpmeet for him. And the Lord said unto us:
'It is not
5 good that the man should be alone: let us make a helpmeet for him.' And the Lord our
God caused a deep sleep to fall upon him, and he slept, and He took for the woman one rib from
amongst
6 his ribs, and this rib was the origin of the woman from amongst his ribs, and He built up
the flesh in its stead, and built the woman. And He awaked Adam out of his sleep and on
awaking he rose on the sixth day, and He brought her to him, and he knew her, and said unto her:
'This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called
7 [my] wife; because she was taken from her husband.' Therefore shall man and wife be
one and therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and cleave unto his wife, and they
shall be
8 one flesh. In the first week was Adam created, and the rib -his wife: in the second week
He showed her unto him: and for this reason the commandment was given to keep in their
defilement,
9 for a male seven days, and for a female twice seven days. And after Adam had
completed forty days in the land where he had been created, we brought him into the garden of
Eden to till and keep it, but his wife they brought in on the eightieth day, and after this she entered
into the garden
10 of Eden. And for this reason the commandment is written on the heavenly tablets in
regard to her that gives birth: 'if she bears a male, she shall remain in her uncleanness seven days
according to the first week of days, and thirty and three days shall she remain in the blood of her
purifying, and she shall not touch any hallowed thing, nor enter into the sanctuary, until she
accomplishes these
11 days which (are enjoined) in the case of a male child. But in the case of a female child
she shall remain in her uncleanness two weeks of days, according to the first two weeks, and
sixty-six days
12 in the blood of her purification, and they will be in all eighty days.' And when she had
completed these eighty days we brought her into the garden of Eden, for it is holier than all the
earth besides and
13 every tree that is planted in it is holy. Therefore, there was ordained regarding her who
bears a male or a female child the statute of those days that she should touch no hallowed thing,
nor
14 enter into the sanctuary until these days for the male or female child are accomplished.
This is the law and testimony which was written down for Israel, in order that they should observe
(it) all the
15 days. And in the first week of the first jubilee, [1-7 A.M.] Adam and his wife were in
the garden of Eden for seven years tilling and keeping it, and we gave him work and we instructed
him to do everything
16 that is suitable for tillage. And he tilled (the garden), and was naked and knew it not,
and was not ashamed, and he protected the garden from the birds and beasts and cattle, and
gathered its fruit, and eat, and put aside the residue for himself and for his wife [and put aside that
which was
17 being kept]. And after the completion of the seven years, which he had completed
there, seven years exactly, [8 A.M.] and in the second month, on the seventeenth day (of the
month), the serpent came and approached the woman, and the serpent said to the woman, 'Hath
God commanded you,
18 saying, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?' And she said to it, 'Of all the fruit
of the trees of the garden God hath said unto us, Eat; but of the fruit of the tree which is in the
midst of the garden God hath said unto us, Ye shall not eat thereof, neither shall ye touch it, lest
ye die.' And the serpent said unto the woman, 'Ye shall not surely die: for God doth know that
on the day ye shall eat thereof, your eyes will be opened, and ye will be as gods, and ye will know
good and
20 evil. And the woman saw the tree that it was agreeable and pleasant to the eye, and
that its fruit
21 was good for food, and she took thereof and eat. And when she had first covered her
shame with figleaves, she gave thereof to Adam and he eat, and his eyes were opened, and he saw
that he was
22 naked. And he took figleaves and sewed (them) together, and made an apron for
himself, and
23, 24 covered his shame. And God cursed the serpent, and was wroth with it for ever . .
. And He was wroth with the woman, because she harkened to the voice of the serpent, and did
eat; and He said unto her: 'I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy pains: in sorrow thou shalt
bring forth
25 children, and thy return shall be unto thy husband, and he will rule over thee.' And to
Adam also he said, ' Because thou hast harkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the
tree of which I commanded thee that thou shouldst not eat thereof, cursed be the ground for thy
sake: thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat thy bread in the sweat of
thy face, till thou returnest to the earth from whence thou wast taken; for earth thou art, and unto
earth shalt
26 thou return.' And He made for them coats of skin, and clothed them, and sent them
forth from
27 the Garden of Eden. And on that day on which Adam went forth from the Garden, he
offered as a sweet savour an offering, frankincense, galbanum, and stacte, and spices in the
morning with the
28 rising of the sun from the day when he covered his shame. And on that day was closed
the mouth of all beasts, and of cattle, and of birds, and of whatever walks, and of whatever
moves, so that they could no longer speak: for they had all spoken one with another with one lip
and with one tongue.
29 And He sent out of the Garden of Eden all flesh that was in the Garden of Eden, and all
flesh was scattered according to its kinds, and according to its types unto the places which had
been created
30 for them. And to Adam alone did He give (the wherewithal) to cover his shame, of all
the beasts and
31 cattle. On this account, it is prescribed on the heavenly tablets as touching all those
who know the judgment of the law, that they should cover their shame, and should not uncover
themselves as the
32 Gentiles uncover themselves. And on the new moon of the fourth month, Adam and
his wife went
33 forth from the Garden of Eden, and they dwelt in the land of Elda in the land of their
creation. And
34 Adam called the name of his wife Eve. And they had no son till the first jubilee, [8
A.M.] and after this he
35 knew her. Now he tilled the land as he had been instructed in the Garden of Eden.
1 And in the third week in the second jubilee she gave birth to Cain, and in the fourth she
gave birth to Abel, and in the fifth she gave birth to her daughter Awan. And in the first (year) of
the third jubilee, Cain slew Abel because (God) accepted the sacrifice of Abel, and did not
accept
3 the offering of Cain. And he slew him in the field: and his blood cried from the ground
to heaven,
4 complaining because he had slain him. And the Lord reproved Cain because of Abel,
because he had slain him, and he made him a fugitive on the earth because of the blood of his
brother, and he
5 cursed him upon the earth. And on this account it is written on the heavenly tables,
'Cursed is ,he who smites his neighbour treacherously, and let all who have seen and heard say, So
be it; and
6 the man who has seen and not declared (it), let him be accursed as the other.' And for
this reason we announce when we come before the Lord our God all the sin which is committed in
heaven and
7 on earth, and in light and in darkness, and everywhere. And Adam and his wife mourned
for Abel four weeks of years, [99-127 A.M] and in the fourth year of the fifth week [130 A.M.]
they became joyful, and Adam knew his wife again, and she bare him a son, and he called his
name Seth; for he said 'GOD has
8 raised up a second seed unto us on the earth instead of Abel; for Cain slew him.' And in
the sixth
9 week [134-40 A.M.] he begat his daughter Azura. And Cain took Awan his sister to be
his wife and she bare him Enoch at the close of the fourth jubilee. [190-196 A.M.] And in the
first year of the first week of the fifth jubilee, [197 A.M.] houses were built on the earth, and Cain
built a city, and called its name after the name of
10, 11 his son Enoch. And Adam knew Eve his wife and she bare yet nine sons. And in
the fifth week of the fifth jubilee [225-31 A.M.] Seth took Azura his sister to be his wife, and in
the fourth (year of the sixth
12,13 week) [235 A.M.] she bare him Enos. He began to call on the name of the Lord on
the earth. And in the seventh jubilee in the third week [309-15 A.M.] Enos took Noam his sister
to be his wife, and she bare him a son
14 in the third year of the fifth week, and he called his name Kenan. And at the close of
the eighth jubilee [325, 386-3992 A.M.] Kenan took Mualeleth his sister to be his wife, and she
bare him a son in the ninth jubilee,
15 in the first week in the third year of this week, [395 A.M] and he called his name
Mahalalel. And in the second week of the tenth jubilee [449-55 A.M.] Mahalalel took unto him to
wife DinaH, the daughter of Barakiel the daughter of his father's brother, and she bare him a son
in the third week in the sixth year, [461 A.M.] and he called his name Jared, for in his days the
angels of the Lord descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should
instruct the children of men, and that they should do
16 judgment and uprightness on the earth. And in the eleventh jubilee [512-18 A.M.]
Jared took to himself a wife, and her name was Baraka, the daughter of Rasujal, a daughter of his
father's brother, in the fourth week of this jubilee, [522 A.M.] and she bare him a son in the fifth
week, in the fourth year of the jubilee, and
17 he called his name Enoch. And he was the first among men that are born on earth who
learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom and who wrote down the signs of heaven according to
the order of their months in a book, that men might know the seasons of the years according to
the order of
18 their separate months. And he was the first to write a testimony and he testified to the
sons of men among the generations of the earth, and recounted the weeks of the jubilees, and
made known to them the days of the years, and set in order the months and recounted the
Sabbaths of the years
19 as we made (them), known to him. And what was and what will be he saw in a vision
of his sleep, as it will happen to the children of men throughout their generations until the day of
judgment; he saw and understood everything, and wrote his testimony, and placed the testimony
on earth for all
20 the children of men and for their generations. And in the twelfth jubilee, [582-88] in
the seventh week thereof, he took to himself a wife, and her name was Edna, the daughter of
Danel, the daughter of his father's brother, and in the sixth year in this week [587 A.M.] she bare
him a son and he called his name
21 Methuselah. And he was moreover with the angels of God these six jubilees of years,
and they showed him everything which is on earth and in the heavens, the rule of the sun, and he
wrote down
22 everything. And he testified to the Watchers, who had sinned with the daughters of
men; for these had begun to unite themselves, so as to be defiled, with the daughters of men, and
Enoch
23 testified against (them) all. And he was taken from amongst the children of men, and
we conducted him into the Garden of Eden in majesty and honour, and behold there he writes
down the con-
24 demnation and judgment of the world, and all the wickedness of the children of men.
And on account of it (God) brought the waters of the flood upon all the land of Eden; for there he
was set as a sign and that he should testify against all the children of men, that he should recount
all the
25 deeds of the generations until the day of condemnation. And he burnt the incense of
the sanctuary,
26 (even) sweet spices acceptable before the Lord on the Mount. For the Lord has four
places on the earth, the Garden of Eden, and the Mount of the East, and this mountain on which
thou art this day, Mount Sinai, and Mount Zion (which) will be sanctified in the new creation for a
sanctification of the earth; through it will the earth be sanctified from all (its) guilt and its
uncleanness through-
27 out the generations of the world. And in the fourteenth jubilee [652 A.M.] Methuselah
took unto himself a wife, Edna the daughter of Azrial, the daughter of his father's brother, in the
third week, in the
28 first year of this week, [701-7 A.M.] and he begat a son and called his name Lamech.
And in the fifteenth jubilee in the third week Lamech took to himself a wife, and her name was
Betenos the daughter of Baraki'il, the daughter of his father's brother, and in this week she bare
him a son and he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort me for my trouble and all
my work, and for the ground
29 which the Lord hath cursed.' And at the close of the nineteenth jubilee, in the seventh
week in the sixth year [930 A.M.] thereof, Adam died, and all his sons buried him in the land of
his creation, and he
30 was the first to be buried in the earth. And he lacked seventy years of one thousand
years; for one thousand years are as one day in the testimony of the heavens and therefore was it
written concerning the tree of knowledge: 'On the day that ye eat thereof ye shall die.' For this
reason he
31 did not complete the years of this day; for he died during it. At the close of this jubilee
Cain was killed after him in the same year; for his house fell upon him and he died in the midst of
his house, and he was killed by its stones; for with a stone he had killed Abel, and by a stone was
he killed in
32 righteous judgment. For this reason it was ordained on the heavenly tablets: With the
instrument with which a man kills his neighbour with the same shall he be killed; after the manner
that
33 he wounded him, in like manner shall they deal with him.' And in the twenty-fifth [1205
A.M.] jubilee Noah took to himself a wife, and her name was Emzara, the daughter of Rake'el, the
daughter of his father's brother, in the first year in the fifth week [1207 A.M.]: and in the third
year thereof she bare him Shem, in the fifth year thereof [1209 A.M.] she bare him Ham, and in
the first year in the sixth week [1212 A.M.] she bare him Japheth.
1 And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the earth
and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of God saw them on a certain year of this
jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they
2 chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants. And lawlessness increased
on the earth and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and
everything that walks on the earth -all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they
began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the earth and every imagination of the
thoughts of all men
3 (was) thus evil continually. And God looked upon the earth, and behold it was corrupt,
and all flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the earth had wrought all manner of
evil
4 before His eyes. And He said that He would destroy man and all flesh upon the face of
the earth
5,6 which He had created. But Noah found grace before the eyes of the Lord. And
against the angels whom He had sent upon the earth, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave
commandment to root them out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths
of the earth, and
7 behold they are bound in the midst of them, and are (kept) separate. And against their
sons went forth a command from before His face that they should be smitten with the sword, and
be removed
8 from under heaven. And He said 'My spirit shall not always abide on man; for they also
are flesh
9 and their days shall be one hundred and twenty years'. And He sent His sword into their
midst that each should slay his neighbour, and they began to slay each other till they all fell by the
sword
10 and were destroyed from the earth. And their fathers were witnesses (of their
destruction), and after this they were bound in the depths of the earth for ever, until the day of the
great condemnation, when judgment is executed on all those who have corrupted their ways and
their works before
11 the Lord. And He destroyed all from their places, and there was not left one of them
whom
12 He judged not according to all their wickedness. And he made for all his works a new
and righteous nature, so that they should not sin in their whole nature for ever, but should be all
13 righteous each in his kind alway. And the judgment of all is ordained and written on
the heavenly tablets in righteousness -even (the judgment of) all who depart from the path which
is ordained for them to walk in; and if they walk not therein, judgment is written down for every
creature and
14 for every kind. And there is nothing in heaven or on earth, or in light or in darkness, or
in Sheol or in the depth, or in the place of darkness (which is not judged); and all their judgments
are
15 ordained and written and engraved. In regard to all He will judge,the great according
to his
16 greatness, and the small according to his smallness, and each according to his way.
And He is not one who will regard the person (of any), nor is He one who will receive gifts, if He
says that He will execute judgment on each: if one gave everything that is on the earth, He will
not regard the
17 gifts or the person (of any), nor accept anything at his hands, for He is a righteous
judge. [And of the children of Israel it has been written and ordained: If they turn to him in
righteousness He will forgive all their transgressions and pardon all their sins. It is written and
ordained that
19 He will show mercy to all who turn from all their guilt once each year.] And as for all
those who corrupted their ways and their thoughts before the flood, no man's person was
accepted save that of Noah alone; for his person was accepted in behalf of his sons, whom (God)
saved from the waters of the flood on his account; for his heart was righteous in all his ways,
according as it was com-
20 manded regarding him, and he had not departed from aught that was ordained for him.
And the Lord said that he would destroy everything which was upon the earth, both men and
cattle, and
21 beasts, and fowls of the air, and that which moveth on the earth. And He commanded
Noah to
22 make him an ark, that he might save himself from the waters of the flood. And Noah
made the ark in all respects as He commanded him, in the twenty-seventh jubilee of years, in the
fifth week
23 in the fifth year (on the new moon of the first month). [1307 A.M.] And he entered in
the sixth (year) thereof, [1308 A.M.] in the second month, on the new moon of the second month,
till the sixteenth; and he entered, and all that we brought to him, into the ark, and the Lord closed
it from without on the seventeenth evening.
24 And the Lord opened seven flood-gates of heaven,
And the mouths of the fountains of the great deep, seven mouths in number.
25 And the flood-gates began to pour down water from the heaven forty days and forty
nights,
And the fountains of the deep also sent up waters, until the whole world was full of
water.
26 And the waters increased upon the earth: Fifteen cubits did the waters rise above all
the high mountains, And the ark was lift up above the earth,
And it moved upon the face of the waters.
27 And the water prevailed on the face of the earth five months -one hundred and fifty
days.
28, 29 And the ark went and rested on the top of Lubar, one of the mountains of Ararat.
And (on the new moon) in the fourth month the fountains of the great deep were closed and the
flood-gates of heaven were restrained; and on the new moon of the seventh month all the mouths
of the abysses
30 of the earth were opened, and the water began to descend into the deep below. And on
the new moon of the tenth month the tops of the mountains were seen, and on the new moon of
the first 31 month the earth became visible. And the waters disappeared from above the
earth in the fifth week in the seventh year [1309 A.M.] thereof, and on the seventeenth day in the
second month the earth was dry.
32 And on the twenty-seventh thereof he opened the ark, and sent forth from it beasts, and
cattle, and birds, and every moving thing.
1 And on the new moon of the third month he went forth from the ark, and built an altar
on
2 that mountain. And he made atonement for the earth, and took a kid and made
atonement by its blood for all the guilt of the earth; for everything that had been on it had been
destroyed, save
3 those that were in the ark with Noah. And he placed the fat thereof on the altar, and he
took an ox, and a goat, and a sheep and kids, and salt, and a turtle-dove, and the young of a dove,
and placed a burnt sacrifice on the altar, and poured thereon an offering mingled with oil, and
sprinkled wine and strewed frankincense over everything, and caused a goodly savour to arise,
acceptable before
4 the Lord. And the Lord smelt the goodly savour, and He made a covenant with him that
there should not be any more a flood to destroy the earth; that all the days of the earth seed-time
and harvest should never cease; cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night should
not
5 change their order, nor cease for ever. 'And you, increase ye and multiply upon the
earth, and become many upon it, and be a blessing upon it. The fear of you and the dread of you I
will
6 inspire in everything that is on earth and in the sea. And behold I have given unto you
all beasts, and all winged things, and everything that moves on the earth, and the fish in the
waters, and all
7 things for food; as the green herbs, I have given you all things to eat. But flesh, with the
life thereof, with the blood, ye shall not eat; for the life of all flesh is in the blood, lest your blood
of your lives be required. At the hand of every man, at the hand of every (beast) will I require
the
8 blood of man. Whoso sheddeth man's blood by man shall his blood be shed, for in the
image of
9,10 God made He man. And you, increase ye, and multiply on the earth.' And Noah and
his sons swore that they would not eat any blood that was in any flesh, and he made a covenant
before the
11 Lord God for ever throughout all the generations of the earth in this month. On this
account He spake to thee that thou shouldst make a covenant with the children of Israel in this
month upon the mountain with an oath, and that thou shouldst sprinkle blood upon them because
of all the words
12 of the covenant, which the Lord made with them for ever. And this testimony is
written concerning you that you should observe it continually, so that you should not eat on any
day any blood of beasts or birds or cattle during all the days of the earth, and the man who eats
the blood of beast or of cattle or of birds during all the days of the earth, he and his seed shall be
rooted out of the land.
13 And do thou command the children of Israel to eat no blood, so that their names and
their seed
14 may be before the Lord our God continually. And for this law there is no limit of days,
for it is for ever. They shall observe it throughout their generations, so that they may continue
supplicating on your behalf with blood before the altar; every day and at the time of morning and
evening they shall seek forgiveness on your behalf perpetually before the Lord that they may keep
15 it and not be rooted out. And He gave to Noah and his sons a sign that there should
not again
16 be a flood on the earth. He set His bow in the cloud for a sign of the eternal covenant
that there
17 should not again be a flood on the earth to destroy it all the days of the earth. For this
reason it is ordained and written on the heavenly tablets, that they should celebrate the feast of
weeks in this
18 month once a year, to renew the covenant every year. And this whole festival was
celebrated in heaven from the day of creation till the days of Noah -twenty-six jubilees and five
weeks of years [1309-1659 A.M.]: and Noah and his sons observed it for seven jubilees and one
week of years, till the day of Noah's death, and from the day of Noah's death his sons did away
with (it) until the days of Abraham, and
19 they eat blood. But Abraham observed it, and Isaac and Jacob and his children
observed it up to thy days, and in thy days the children of Israel forgot it until ye celebrated it
anew on this mountain.
20 And do thou command the children of Israel to observe this festival in all their
generations for a
21 commandment unto them: one day in the year in this month they shall celebrate the
festival. For it is the feast of weeks and the feast of first fruits: this feast is twofold and of a
double nature:
22 according to what is written and engraven concerning it, celebrate it. For I have
written in the book of the first law, in that which I have written for thee, that thou shouldst
celebrate it in its season, one day in the year, and I explained to thee its sacrifices that the children
of Israel should remember and should celebrate it throughout their generations in this month, one
day in every year.
23 And on the new moon of the first month, and on the new moon of the fourth month,
and on the new moon of the seventh month, and on the new moon of the tenth month are the days
of remembrance, and the days of the seasons in the four divisions of the year. These are written
and ordained
24 as a testimony for ever. And Noah ordained them for himself as feasts for the
generations for ever,
25 so that they have become thereby a memorial unto him. And on the new moon of the
first month he was bidden to make for himself an ark, and on that (day) the earth became dry and
he opened
26 (the ark) and saw the earth. And on the new moon of the fourth month the mouths of
the depths of the abyss beneath were closed. And on the new moon of the seventh month all the
mouths of
27 the abysses of the earth were opened, and the waters began to descend into them. And
on the new
28 moon of the tenth month the tops of the mountains were seen, and Noah was glad.
And on this account he ordained them for himself as feasts for a memorial for ever, and thus are
they ordained.
29 And they placed them on the heavenly tablets, each had thirteen weeks; from one to
another (passed) their memorial, from the first to the second, and from the second to the third,
and from the
30 third to the fourth. And all the days of the commandment will be two and fifty weeks
of days, and (these will make) the entire year complete. Thus it is engraven and ordained on the
heavenly
31 tablets. And there is no neglecting (this commandment) for a single year or from year
to year.
32 And command thou the children of Israel that they observe the years according to this
reckoning- three hundred and sixty-four days, and (these) will constitute a complete year, and
they will not disturb its time from its days and from its feasts; for everything will fall out in them
according to
33 their testimony, and they will not leave out any day nor disturb any feasts. But if they
do neglect and do not observe them according to His commandment, then they will disturb all
their seasons and the years will be dislodged from this (order), [and they will disturb the seasons
and the years
34 will be dislodged] and they will neglect their ordinances. And all the children of Israel
will forget and will not find the path of the years, and will forget the new moons, and seasons, and
sabbaths
35 and they will go wrong as to all the order of the years. For I know and from
henceforth will I declare it unto thee, and it is not of my own devising; for the book (lies) written
before me, and on the heavenly tablets the division of days is ordained, lest they forget the feasts
of the covenant
36 and walk according to the feasts of the Gentiles after their error and after their
ignorance. For there will be those who will assuredly make observations of the moon -how (it)
disturbs the
37 seasons and comes in from year to year ten days too soon. For this reason the years
will come upon them when they will disturb (the order), and make an abominable (day) the day of
testimony, and an unclean day a feast day, and they will confound all the days, the holy with the
unclean, and the unclean day with the holy; for they will go wrong as to the months and sabbaths
and feasts and
38 jubilees. For this reason I command and testify to thee that thou mayst testify to them;
for after thy death thy children will disturb (them), so that they will not make the year three
hundred and sixty-four days only, and for this reason they will go wrong as to the new moons and
seasons and sabbaths and festivals, and they will eat all kinds of blood with all kinds of flesh.
1 And in the seventh week in the first year [1317 A.M.] thereof, in this jubilee, Noah
planted vines on the mountain on which the ark had rested, named Lubar, one of the Ararat
Mountains, and they produced fruit in the fourth year, [1320 A.M.] and he guarded their fruit, and
gathered it in this year in the
2 seventh month. And he made wine therefrom and put it into a vessel, and kept it until
the fifth
3 year, [1321 A.M.] until the first day, on the new moon of the first month. And he
celebrated with joy the day of this feast, and he made a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord, one young
ox and one ram, and seven sheep, each a year old, and a kid of the goats, that he might make
atonement thereby for himself
4 and his sons. And he prepared the kid first, and placed some of its blood on the flesh
that was on the altar which he had made, and all the fat he laid on the altar where he made the
burnt sacrifice,
5 and the ox and the ram and the sheep, and he laid all their flesh upon the altar. And he
placed all their offerings mingled with oil upon it, and afterwards he sprinkled wine on the fire
which he had previously made on the altar, and he placed incense on the altar and caused a sweet
savour to
6 ascend acceptable before the Lord his God. And he rejoiced and drank of this wine, he
and his
7 children with joy. And it was evening, and he went into his tent, and being drunken he
lay down
8 and slept, and was uncovered in his tent as he slept. And Ham saw Noah his father
naked, and
9 went forth and told his two brethren without. And Shem took his garment and arose, he
and Japheth, and they placed the garment on their shoulders and went backward and covered the
shame
10 of their father, and their faces were backward. And Noah awoke from his sleep and
knew all that his younger son had done unto him, and he cursed his son and said: 'Cursed be
Canaan; an
11 enslaved servant shall he be unto his brethren.' And he blessed Shem, and said:
'Blessed be the
12 Lord God of Shem, and Canaan shall be his servant. God shall enlarge Japheth, and
God shall
13 dwell in the dwelling of Shem, and Canaan shall be his servant.' And Ham knew that
his father had cursed his younger son, and he was displeased that he had cursed his son. and he
parted from
14 his father, he and his sons with him, Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan. And he
built for
15 himself a city and called its name after the name of his wife Ne'elatama'uk. And
Japheth saw it, and became envious of his brother, and he too built for himself a city, and he
called its name after
16 the name of his wife 'Adataneses. And Shem dwelt with his father Noah, and he built a
city close to his father on the mountain, and he too called its name after the name of his wife
Sedeqetelebab.
17 And behold these three cities are near Mount Lubar; Sedeqetelebab fronting the
mountain on its
18 east; and Na'eltama'uk on the south; 'Adatan'eses towards the west. And these are the
sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad -this (son) was born two years after the flood-
and
19 Lud, and Aram. The sons of Japheth: Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan, Tubal
and
20 Meshech and Tiras: these are the sons of Noah. And in the twenty-eighth jubilee
[1324-1372 A.M.] Noah began to enjoin upon his sons' sons the ordinances and commandments,
and all the judgments that he knew, and he exhorted his sons to observe righteousness, and to
cover the shame of their flesh, and to bless their Creator, and honour father and mother, and love
their neighbour, and guard their souls
21 from fornication and uncleanness and all iniquity. For owing to these three things came
the flood upon the earth, namely, owing to the fornication wherein the Watchers against the law
of their ordinances went a whoring after the daughters of men, and took themselves wives of all
which they
22 chose: and they made the beginning of uncleanness. And they begat sons the
Naphidim, and they were all unlike, and they devoured one another: and the Giants slew the
Naphil, and the
23 Naphil slew the Eljo, and the Eljo mankind, and one man another. And every one sold
himself
24 to work iniquity and to shed much blood, and the earth was filled with iniquity. And
after this they sinned against the beasts and birds, and all that moves and walks on the earth: and
much blood was shed on the earth, and every imagination and desire of men imagined vanity and
evil
25 continually. And the Lord destroyed everything from off the face of the earth; because
of the wickedness of their deeds, and because of the blood which they had shed in the midst of the
earth
26 He destroyed everything. 'And we were left, I and you, my sons, and everything that
entered with us into the ark, and behold I see your works before me that ye do not walk in
righteousness: for in the path of destruction ye have begun to walk, and ye are parting one from
another, and are envious one of another, and (so it comes) that ye are not in harmony, my sons,
each with his brother.
27 For I see, and behold the demons have begun (their) seductions against you and against
your children and now I fear on your behalf, that after my death ye will shed the blood of men
upon the earth,
28 and that ye, too, will be destroyed from the face of the earth. For whoso sheddeth
man's blood, and whoso eateth the blood of any flesh, shall all be destroyed from the earth.
29 And there shall not be left any man that eateth blood,
or that sheddeth the blood of man on the earth,
Nor shall there be left to him any seed or descendants living under heaven;
For into Sheol shall they go, And into the place of condemnation shall they descend,
And into the darkness of the deep shall they all be removed by a violent death.
30 There shall be no blood seen upon you of all the blood there shall be all the days in
which ye have killed any beasts or cattle or whatever flies upon the earth, and work ye a good
work to your
31 souls by covering that which has been shed on the face of the earth. And ye shall not
be like him who eats with blood, but guard yourselves that none may eat blood before you: cover
the blood,
32 for thus have I been commanded to testify to you and your children, together with all
flesh. And suffer not the soul to be eaten with the flesh, that your blood, which is your life, may
not be required
33 at the hand of any flesh that sheds (it) on the earth. For the earth will not be clean from
the blood which has been shed upon it; for (only) through the blood of him that shed it will the
earth be
34 purified throughout all its generations. And now, my children, harken: work judgment
and righteousness that ye maybe planted in righteousness over the face of the whole earth, and
your
35 glory lifted up before my God, who saved me from the waters of the flood. And
behold, ye will go and build for yourselves cities, and plant in them all the plants that are upon the
earth, and moreover
36 all fruit-bearing trees. For three years the fruit of everything that is eaten will not be
gathered: and in the fourth year its fruit will be accounted holy [and they will offer the
first-fruits], acceptable before the Most High God, who created heaven and earth and all things.
Let them offer in abundance the first of the wine and oil (as) first-fruits on the altar of the Lord,
who receives it, and
37 what is left let the servants of the house of the Lord eat before the altar which receives
(it). And in the fifth year
make ye the release so that ye release it in righteousness and uprightness, and ye shall bc
righteous,
38 and all that you plant shall prosper. For thus did Enoch, the father of your father
command Methuselah, his son, and Methuselah his son Lamech, and Lamech commanded me all
the things
39 which his fathers commanded him. And I also will give you commandment, my sons,
as Enoch commanded his son in the first jubilees: whilst still living, the seventh in his generation,
he commanded and testified to his son and to his son's sons until the day of his death.'
1 In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, [1373 A.M.] in the beginning thereof
Arpachshad took to himself a wife and her name was Rasu'eja, the daughter of Susan, the
daughter of Elam, and she
2 bare him a son in the third year in this week, [1375 A.M.] and he called his name
Kainam. And the son grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to seek for himself a
place where he might seize for
3 himself a city. And he found a writing which former (generations) had carved on the
rock, and he read what was thereon, and he transcribed it and sinned owing to it; for it contained
the teaching of the Watchers in accordance with which they used to observe the omens of the sun
and moon and
4 stars in all the signs of heaven. And he wrote it down and said nothing regarding it; for
he was
5 afraid to speak to Noah about it lest he should be angry with him on account of it. And
in the thirtieth jubilee, [1429 A.M.] in the second week, in the first year thereof, he took to
himself a wife, and her name was Melka, the daughter of Madai, the son of Japheth, and in the
fourth year [1432 A.M.] he begat a son, and
6 called his name Shelah; for he said: 'Truly I have been sent.' [And in the fourth year he
was born], and Shelah grew up and took to himself a wife, and her name was Mu'ak, the daughter
of Kesed, his father's brother, in the one and thirtieth jubilee, in the fifth week, in the first year
[1499 A.M.]
8 jubilee, in the seventh week, in the third year thereof. [1564 A.M.] And in the sixth year
[1567 A.M.] thereof, she bare him son, and he called his name Peleg; for in the days when he was
born the children of Noah began
9 to divide the earth amongst themselves: for this reason he called his name Peleg. And
they
10 divided (it) secretly amongst themselves, and told it to Noah. And it came to pass in
the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee [1569 A.M.] that they divided the earth into three parts,
for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the inheritance of each, in the first year in the first
week, when one of us
11 who had been sent, was with them. And he called his sons, and they drew nigh to him,
they and their children, and he divided the earth into the lots, which his three sons were to take in
possession, and they reached forth their hands, and took the writing out of the bosom of Noah,
their father.
12 And there came forth on the writing as Shem's lot the middle of the earth which he
should take as an inheritance for himself and for his sons for the generations of eternity, from the
middle of the mountain range of Rafa, from the mouth of the water from the river Tina, and his
portion goes towards the west through the midst of this river, and it extends till it reaches the
water of the abysses, out of which this river goes forth and pours its waters into the sea Me'at,
and this river flows into the great sea. And all that is towards the north is Japheth's, and all that is
towards the
13 south belongs to Shem. And it extends till it reaches Karaso: this is in the bosom of
the tongue
14 which looks towards the south. And his portion extends along the great sea, and it
extends in a straight line till it reaches the west of the tongue which looks towards the south: for
this sea is
15 named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea. And it turns from here towards the south
towards the mouth of the great sea on the shore of (its) waters, and it extends to the west to
'Afra, and it extends till it reaches the waters of the river Gihon, and to the south of the waters of
Gihon, to the
16 banks of this river. And it extends towards the east, till it reaches the Garden of Eden,
to the south thereof, [to the south] and from the east of the whole land of Eden and of the whole
east, it turns to the east and proceeds till it reaches the east of the mountain named Rafa, and it
descends
17 to the bank of the mouth of the river Tina. This portion came forth by lot for Shem
and his sons,
18 that they should possess it for ever unto his generations for evermore. And Noah
rejoiced that this portion came forth for Shem and for his sons, and he remembered all that he had
spoken with his mouth in prophecy; for he had said:
'Blessed be the Lord God of Shem
And may the Lord dwell in the dwelling of Shem.'
19 And he knew that the Garden of Eden is the holy of holies, and the dwelling of the
Lord, and Mount Sinai the centre of the desert, and Mount Zion -the centre of the navel of the
earth: these three
20 were created as holy places facing each other. And he blessed the God of gods, who
had put the
21 word of the Lord into his mouth, and the Lord for evermore. And he knew that a
blessed portion and a blessing had come to Shem and his sons unto the generations for ever -the
whole land of Eden and the whole land of the Red Sea, and the whole land of the east and India,
and on the Red Sea and the mountains thereof, and all the land of Bashan, and all the land of
Lebanon and the islands of Kaftur, and all the mountains of Sanir and 'Amana, and the mountains
of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and Babel, and Susan and Ma'edai, and
all the mountains of Ararat, and all the region beyond the sea, which is beyond the mountains of
Asshur towards the
22 north, a blessed and spacious land, and all that is in it is very good. And for Ham came
forth the second portion, beyond the Gihon towards the south to the right of the Garden, and it
extends towards the south and it extends to all the mountains of fire, and it extends towards the
west to the sea of 'Atel and it extends towards the west till it reaches the sea of Ma'uk -that (sea)
into which
23 everything which is not destroyed descends. And it goes forth towards the north to the
limits of Gadir, and it goes forth to the coast of the waters of the sea to the waters of the great sea
till it draws near to the river Gihon, and goes along the river Gihon till it reaches the right of the
Garden
24 of Eden. And this is the land which came forth for Ham as the portion which he was to
occupy
25 for ever for himself and his sons unto their generations for ever. And for Japheth came
forth the third portion beyond the river Tina to the north of the outflow of its waters, and it
extends north-
26 easterly to the whole region of Gog, and to all the country east thereof. And it extends
northerly to the north, and it extends to the mountains of Qelt towards the north, and towards the
sea of
27 Ma'uk, and it goes forth to the east of Gadir as far as the region of the waters of the
sea. And it extends until it approaches the west of Fara and it returns towards 'Aferag, and it
extends easterly
28 to the waters of the sea of Me'at. And it extends to the region of the river Tina in a
north-easterly direction until it approaches the boundary of its waters towards the mountain Rafa,
and it turns
29 round towards the north. This is the land which came forth for Japheth and his sons as
the portion of his inheritance which he should possess for himself and his sons, for their
generations for ever;
30 five great islands, and a great land in the north. But it is cold, and the land of Ham is
hot, and the land of Shem is neither hot nor cold, but it is of blended cold and heat.
1 And Ham divided amongst his sons, and the first portion came forth for Cush towards
the east, and to the west of him for Mizraim, and to the west of him for Put, and to the west of
him
2 [and to the west thereof] on the sea for Canaan. And Shem also divided amongst his
sons, and the first portion came forth for Ham and his sons, to the east of the river Tigris till it
approachcs the east, the whole land of India, and on the Red Sea on its coast, and the waters of
Dedan, and all the mountains of Mebri and Ela, and all the land of Susan and all that is on the side
of Pharnak
3 to the Red Sea and the river Tina. And for Asshur came forth the second Portion, all the
land of
4 Asshur and Nineveh and Shinar and to the border of India, and it ascends and skirts the
river. And for Arpachshad came forth the third portion, all the land of the region of the Chaldees
to the east of the Euphrates, bordering on the Red Sea, and all the waters of the desert close to
the tongue of the sea which looks towards Egypt, all the land of Lebanon and Sanir and 'Amana
to the border of the
5 Euphrates. And for Aram there came forth the fourth portion, all the land of
Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates to the north of the Chaldees to the border of
the mountains
6 of Asshur and the land of 'Arara. And there came forth for Lud the fifth portion, the
mountains of Asshur and all appertaining to them till it reaches the Great Sea, and till it reaches
the east of
7, 8 Asshur his brother. And Japheth also divided the land of his inheritance amongst his
sons. And the first portion came forth for Gomer to the east from the north side to the river Tina;
and in the north there came forth for Magog all the inner portions of the north until it reaches to
the sea of
9 Me'at. And for Madai came forth as his portion that he should posses from the west of
his two
10 brothers to the islands, and to the coasts of the islands. And for Javan came forth the
fourth
11 portion every island and the islands which are towards the border of Lud. And for
Tubal there came forth the fifth portion in the midst of the tongue which approaches towards the
border of the portion of Lud to the second tongue, to the region beyond the second tongue unto
the third tongue.
12 And for Meshech came forth the sixth portion, all the region beyond the third tongue
till it
13 approaches the east of Gadir. And for Tiras there came forth the seventh portion, four
great islands in the midst of the sea, which reach to the portion of Ham [and the islands of
Kamaturi
14 came out by lot for the sons of Arpachshad as his inheritance]. And thus the sons of
Noah divided unto their sons in the presence of Noah their father, and he bound them all by an
oath, imprecating
15 a curse on every one that sought to seize the portion which had not fallen (to him) by
his lot. And they all said, 'So be it; so be it ' for themselves and their sons for ever throughout
their generations till the day of judgment, on which the Lord God shall judge them with a sword
and with fire for all the unclean wickedness of their errors, wherewith they have filled the earth
with transgression and uncleanness and fornication and sin.
1 And in the third week of this jubilee the unclean demons began to lead astray the
children of
2 the sons of Noah, and to make to err and destroy them. And the sons of Noah came to
Noah their father, and they told him concerning the demons which were leading astray and
blinding and
3 slaying his sons' sons. And he prayed before the Lord his God, and said:
'God of the spirits of all flesh, who hast shown mercy unto me
And hast saved me and my sons from the waters of the flood,
And hast not caused me to perish as Thou didst the sons of perdition;
For Thy grace has been great towards me,
And great has been Thy mercy to my soul;
Let Thy grace be lift up upon my sons,
And let not wicked spirits rule over them
Lest they should destroy them from the earth.
4 But do Thou bless me and my sons, that we may increase and Multiply and replenish the
earth.
5 And Thou knowest how Thy Watchers, the fathers of these spirits, acted in my day: and
as for these spirits which are living, imprison them and hold them fast in the place of
condemnation, and let them not bring destruction on the sons of thy servant, my God; for these
are malignant, and
6 created in order to destroy. And let them not rule over the spirits of the living; for Thou
alone canst exercise dominion over them. And let them not have power over the sons of the
righteous
7,8 from henceforth and for evermore.' And the Lord our God bade us to bind all. And
the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said: 'Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before
me, and let them harken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for if some of them are
not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are
for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of
men.'
9 And He said: Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend
into the
10 place of condemnation.' And one of us He commanded that we should teach Noah all
their
11 medicines; for He knew that they would not walk in uprightness, nor strive in
righteousness. And we did according to all His words: all the malignant evil ones we bound in
the place of condemna-
12 tion and a tenth part of them we left that they might be subject before Satan on the
earth. And we explained to Noah all the medicines of their diseases, together with their
seductions, how he
13 might heal them with herbs of the earth. And Noah wrote down all things in a book as
we instructed him concerning every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded
from
14 (hurting) the sons of Noah. And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his eldest
son; for he
15 loved him exceedingly above all his sons. And Noah slept with his fathers, and was
buried on
16 Mount Lubar in the land of Ararat. Nine hundred and fifty years he completed in his
life, nineteen
17 jubilees and two weeks and five years. [1659 A.M.] And in his life on earth he excelled
the children of men save Enoch because of the righteousness, wherein he was perfect. For
Enoch's office was ordained for a testimony to the generations of the world, so that he should
recount all the deeds of generation
18 unto generation, till the day of judgment. And in the three and thirtieth jubilee, in the
first year in the second week, Peleg took to himself a wife, whose name was Lomna the daughter
of Sina'ar, and she bare him a son in the fourth year of this week, and he called his name Reu; for
he said: 'Behold the children of men have become evil through the wicked purpose of building for
themselves
19 a city and a tower in the land of Shinar.' For they departed from the land of Ararat
eastward to Shinar; for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying, 'Go to, let us ascend
thereby into
20 heaven.' And they began to build, and in the fourth week they made brick with fire,
and the bricks served them for stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was
asphalt which
21 comes out of the sea, and out of the fountains of water in the land of Shinar. And they
built it: forty and three years [1645-1688 A.M.] were they building it; its breadth was 203 bricks,
and the height (of a brick) was the third of one; its height amounted to 5433 cubits and 2 palms,
and (the extent of one wall
22 was) thirteen stades (and of the other thirty stades). And the Lord our God said unto
us: Behold, they are one people, and (this) they begin to do, and now nothing will be withholden
from them. Go to, let us go down and confound their language, that they may not understand one
another's speech, and they may be dispersed into cities and nations, and one purpose will no
longer abide with
23 them till the day of judgment.' And the Lord descended, and we descended with him to
see the
24 city and the tower which the children of men had built. And he confounded their
language, and they no longer understood one another's speech, and they ceased then to build the
city and the
25 tower. For this reason the whole land of Shinar is called Babel, because the Lord did
there confound all the language of the children of men, and from thence they were dispersed into
their
26 cities, each according to his language and his nation. And the Lord sent a mighty wind
against the tower and overthrew it upon the earth, and behold it was between Asshur and Babylon
in the
27 land of Shinar, and they called its name 'Overthrow'. In the fourth week in the first
year [1688 A.M.] in the beginning thereof in the four and thirtieth jubilee, were they dispersed
from the land of Shinar.
28 And Ham and his sons went into the land which he was to occupy, which he acquired
as his portion
29 in the land of the south. And Canaan saw the land of Lebanon to the river of Egypt,
that it was very good, and he went not into the land of his inheritance to the west (that is to) the
sea, and he dwelt in the land of Lebanon, eastward and westward from the border of Jordan and
from the border
30 of the sea. And Ham, his father, and Cush and Mizraim his brothers said unto him:
'Thou hast settled in a land which is not thine, and which did not fall to us by lot: do not do so;
for if thou dost do so, thou and thy sons will fall in the land and (be) accursed through sedition;
for by sedition
31 ye have settled, and by sedition will thy children fall, and thou shalt be rooted out for
ever. Dwell
32 not in the dwelling of Shem; for to Shem and to his sons did it come by their lot.
Cursed art thou, and cursed shalt thou be beyond all the sons of Noah, by the curse by which we
bound our-
33 selves by an oath in the presence of the holy judge, and in the presence of Noah our
father.' But he did not harken unto them, and dwelt in the land of Lebanon from Hamath to the
entering of
34,35 Egypt, he and his sons until this day. And for this reason that land is named
Canaan. And Japheth and his sons went towards the sea and dwelt in the land of their portion,
and Madai saw the land of the sea and it did not please him, and he begged a (portion) from Ham
and Asshur and Arpachshad, his wife's brother, and he dwelt in the land of Media, near to his
wife's brother until
36 this day. And he called his dwelling-place, and the dwelling-place of his sons, Media,
after the name of their father Madai.
1 And in the thirty-fifth jubilee, in the third week, in the first year [1681 A.M.] thereof,
Reu took to himself a wife, and her name was 'Ora, the daughter of 'Ur, the son of Kesed, and she
bare him a son, and
2 he called his name Seroh, in the seventh year of this week in this jubilee. [1687 A.M.]
And the sons of Noah began to war on each other, to take captive and to slay each other, and to
shed the blood of men on the earth, and to eat blood, and to build strong cities, and walls, and
towers, and individuals (began) to exalt themselves above the nation, and to found the beginnings
of kingdoms, and to go to war people against people, and nation against nation, and city against
city, and all (began) to do evil, and to acquire arms, and to teach their sons war, and they began to
capture cities, and to sell
3 male and female slaves. And 'Ur, the son of Kesed, built the city of 'Ara of the Chaldees,
and called its name after his own name and the name of his father. And they made for themselves
molten images, and they worshipped each the idol, the molten image which they had made for
themselves, and they began to make graven images and unclean simulacra, and malignant
spirits
5 assisted and seduced (them) into committing transgression and uncleanness. And the
prince Mastema exerted himself to do all this, and he sent forth other spirits, those which were put
under his hand, to do all manner of wrong and sin, and all manner of transgression, to corrupt and
destroy,
6 and to shed blood upon the earth. For this reason he called the name of Seroh, Serug,
for every one
7 turned to do all manner of sin and transgression. And he grew up, and dwelt in Ur of
the Chaldees, near to the father of his wife's mother, and he worshipped idols, and he took to
himself a wife in the thirty-sixth jubilee, in the fifth week, in the first year thereof, [1744 A.M.]
and her name was Melka, the daughter
8 of Kaber, the daughter of his father's brother. And she bare him Nahor, in the first year
of this week, and he grew and dwelt in Ur of the Chaldees, and his father taught him the
researches of the
9 Chaldees to divine and augur, according to the signs of heaven. And in the
thirty-seventh jubilee in the sixth week, in the first year thereof, [1800 A.M.] he took to himself a
wife, and her name was 'Ijaska, the
10 daughter of Nestag of the Chaldees. And she bare him Terah in the seventh year of this
week. [1806 A.M.]
12 in the seed, the ravens picked (it) from the surface of the ground. And for this reason
he called his name Terah because the ravens and the birds reduced them to destitution and
devoured their
13 seed. And the years began to be barren, owing to the birds, and they devoured all the
fruit of the trees from the trees: it was only with great effort that they could save a little of all the
fruit of the
14 earth in their days. And in this thirty-ninth jubilee, in the second week in the first year,
[1870 A.M.] Terah took to himself a wife, and her name was 'Edna, the daughter of 'Abram, the
daughter of his father's sister. And in the seventh year of this week [1876 A.M.] she bare him a
son, and he called his name Abram,
15 by the name of the father of his mother; for he had died before his daughter had
conceived a son.
16 And the child began to understand the errors of the earth that all went astray after
graven images and after uncleanness, and his father taught him writing, and he was two weeks of
years old, [1890 A.M.] and he
17 separated himself from his father, that he might not worship idols with him. And he
began to pray to the Creator of all things that He might save him from the errors of the children of
men, and that
18 his portion should not fall into error after uncleanness and vileness. And the seed time
came for the sowing of seed upon the land, and they all went forth together to protect their seed
against the
19 ravens, and Abram went forth with those that went, and the child was a lad of fourteen
years. And a cloud of ravens came to devour the seed, and Abram ran to meet them before they
settled on the ground, and cried to them before they settled on the ground to devour the seed, and
said, ' Descend
20 not: return to the place whence ye came,' and they proceeded to turn back. And he
caused the clouds of ravens to turn back that day seventy times, and of all the ravens throughout
all the land
21 where Abram was there settled there not so much as one. And all who were with him
throughout all the land saw him cry out, and all the ravens turn back, and his name became great
in all the
22 land of the Chaldees. And there came to him this year all those that wished to sow,
and he went with them until the time of sowing ceased: and they sowed their land, and that year
they brought
23 enough grain home and eat and were satisfied. And in the first year of the fifth week
[1891 A.M.] Abram taught those who made implements for oxen, the artificers in wood, and they
made a vessel above the ground, facing the frame of the plough, in order to put the seed thereon,
and the seed fell down therefrom upon the share of the plough, and was hidden in the earth, and
they no longer feared the
24 ravens. And after this manner they made (vessels) above the ground on all the frames
of the ploughs, and they sowed and tilled all the land, according as Abram commanded them, and
they no longer feared the birds.
1 And it came to pass in the sixth week, in the seventh year thereof, [1904 A.M.] that
Abram said to Terah his
2 father, saying, 'Father!' And he said, 'Behold, here am I, my son.' And he said,
'What help and profit have we from those idols which thou dost worship,
And before which thou dost bow thyself?
3 For there is no spirit in them,
For they are dumb forms, and a misleading of the heart.
Worship them not:
4 Worship the God of heaven,
Who causes the rain and the dew to descend on the earth
And does everything upon the earth,
And has created everything by His word,
And all life is from before His face.
5 Why do ye worship things that have no spirit in them?
For they are the work of (men's) hands,
And on your shoulders do ye bear them,
And ye have no help from them,
But they are a great cause of shame to those who make them,
And a misleading of the heart to those who worship them:
Worship them not.'
6 And his father said unto him, I also know it, my son, but what shall I do with a people
who have
7 made me to serve before them? And if I tell them the truth, they will slay me; for their
soul cleaves to them to worship them and honour them. Keep silent, my son, lest they slay thee.'
And
9 these words he spake to his two brothers, and they were angry with him and he kept
silent. And in the fortieth jubilee, in the second week, in the seventh year thereof, [1925 A.M.]
Abram took to himself a wife,
10 and her name was Sarai, the daughter of his father, and she became his wife. And
Haran, his brother, took to himself a wife in the third year of the third week, [1928 A.M.] and she
bare him a son in the
11 seventh year of this week, [1932 A.M.] and he called his name Lot. And Nahor, his
brother, took to himself
12 a wife. And in the sixtieth year of the life of Abram, that is, in the fourth week, in the
fourth year thereof, [1936 A.M.] Abram arose by night, and burned the house of the idols, and he
burned all that was in the
13 house and no man knew it. And they arose in the night and sought to save their gods
from the
14 midst of the fire. And Haran hasted to save them, but the fire flamed over him, and he
was burnt in the fire, and he died in Ur of the Chaldees before Terah his father, and they buried
him in Ur of
15 the Chaldees. And Terah went forth from Ur of the Chaldees, he and his sons, to go
into the land of Lebanon and into the land of Canaan, and he dwelt in the land of Haran, and
Abram dwelt with
16 Terah his father in Haran two weeks of years. And in the sixth week, in the fifth year
thereof, [1951 A.M.] Abram sat up throughout the night on the new moon of the seventh month
to observe the stars from the evening to the morning, in order to see what would be the character
of the year with regard
17 to the rains, and he was alone as he sat and observed. And a word came into his heart
and he said: All the signs of the stars, and the signs of the moon and of the sun are all in the hand
of the Lord. Why do I search (them) out?
18 If He desires, He causes it to rain, morning and evening;
And if He desires, He withholds it,
And all things are in his hand.'
19 And he prayed that night and said,
'My God, God Most High, Thou alone art my God,
And Thee and Thy dominion have I chosen.
And Thou hast created all things,
And all things that are the work of thy hands.
20 Deliver me from the hands of evil spirits who have dominion over the thoughts of men's
hearts,
And let them not lead me astray from Thee, my God.
And stablish Thou me and my seed for ever
That we go not astray from henceforth and for evermore.'
21 And he said, 'Shall I return unto Ur of the Chaldees who seek my face that I may return
to them, am I to remain here in this place? The right path before Thee prosper it in the hands of
Thy servant that he may fulfil (it) and that I may not walk in the deceitfulness of my heart, O my
God.'
22 And he made an end of speaking and praying, and behold the word of the Lord was
sent to him through me, saying: 'Get thee up from thy country, and from thy kindred and from the
house of thy father unto a land which I will show thee, and I shall make thee a great and
numerous nation.
23 And I will bless thee
And I will make thy name great,
And thou shalt be blessed in the earth,
And in Thee shall all families of the earth be blessed,
And I will bless them that bless thee,
And curse them that curse thee.
24 And I will be a God to thee and thy son, and to thy son's son, and to all thy seed: fear
not, from
25 henceforth and unto all generations of the earth I am thy God.' And the Lord God said:
'Open his mouth and his ears, that he may hear and speak with his mouth, with the language which
has been revealed'; for it had ceased from the mouths of all the children of men from the day of
the
26 overthrow (of Babel). And I opened his mouth, and his ears and his lips, and I began
to speak
27 with him in Hebrew in the tongue of the creation. And he took the books of his
fathers, and these were written in Hebrew, and he transcribed them, and he began from henceforth
to study them, and I made known to him that which he could not (understand), and he studied
them during the six
28 rainy months. And it came to pass in the seventh year of the sixth week [1953 A.M.]
that he spoke to his father and informed him, that he would leave Haran to go into the land of
Canaan to see it and
29 return to him. And Terah his father said unto him; Go in peace:
May the eternal God make thy path straight.
And the Lord [(be) with thee, and] protect thee from all evil,
And grant unto thee grace, mercy and favour before those who see thee,
And may none of the children of men have power over thee to harm thee;
Go in peace.
30 And if thou seest a land pleasant to thy eyes to dwell in, then arise and take me to thee
and take
31 Lot with thee, the son of Haran thy brother as thine own son: the Lord be with thee.
And Nahor thy brother leave with me till thou returnest in peace, and we go with thee all
together.'
1 And Abram journeyed from Haran, and he took Sarai, his wife, and Lot, his brother
Haran's son, to the land of Canaan, and he came into Asshur, and proceeded to Shechem, and
dwelt near
2 a lofty oak. And he saw, and, behold, the land was very pleasant from the entering of
Hamath to
3 the lofty oak. And the Lord said to him: 'To thee and to thy seed will I give this land.'
And
4 he built an altar there, and he offered thereon a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, who had
appeared to
5 him. And he removed from thence unto the mountain . . . Bethel on the west and Ai on
the
6 east, and pitched his tent there. And he saw and behold, the land was very wide and
good, and everything grew thereon -vines and figs and pomegranates, oaks and ilexes, and
terebinths and oil trees, and cedars and cypresses and date trees, and all trees of the field, and
there was water on the
7 mountains. And he blessed the Lord who had led him out of Ur of the Chaldees, and
had brought
8 him to this land. And it came to pass in the first year, in the seventh week, on the new
moon of the first month, 1954 A.M.] that he built an altar on this mountain, and called on the
name of the Lord: 'Thou,
9 the eternal God, art my God.' And he offered on the altar a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord
that He
10 should be with him and not forsake him all the days of his life. And he removed from
thence and went towards the south, and he came to Hebron and Hebron was built at that time,
and he dwelt there two years, and he went (thence) into the land of the south, to Bealoth, and
there was a famine
11 in the land. And Abram went into Egypt in the third year of the week, and he dwelt in
Egypt
12 five years before his wife was torn away from him. Now Tanais in Egypt was at that
time built-
13 seven years after Hebron. And it came to pass when Pharaoh seized Sarai, the wife of
Abram that the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's
wife.
14 And Abram was very glorious by reason of possessions in sheep, and cattle, and asses,
and horses, and camels, and menservants, and maidservants, and in silver and gold exceedingly.
And Lot also
15 his brother's son, was wealthy. And Pharaoh gave back Sarai, the wife of Abram, and
he sent him out of the land of Egypt, and he journeyed to the place where he had pitched his tent
at the beginning, to the place of the altar, with Ai on the east, and Bethel on the west, and he
blessed the
16 Lord his God who had brought him back in peace. And it came to pass in the
forty-first jubilee in the third year of the first week, [1963 A.M.] that he returned to this place and
offered thereon a burnt sacrifice, and called on the name of the Lord, and said: 'Thou, the most
high God, art my God for ever
17 and ever.' And in the fourth year of this week [1964 A.M.] Lot parted from him, and
Lot dwelt in Sodom, and
18 the men of Sodom were sinners exceedingly. And it grieved him in his heart that his
brother's
19 son had parted from him; for he had no children. In that year when Lot was taken
captive, the Lord said unto Abram, after that Lot had parted from him, in the fourth year of this
week: 'Lift up thine eyes from the place where thou art dwelling, northward and southward, and
westward and
20 eastward. For all the land which thou seest I will give to thee and to thy seed for ever,
and I will make thy seed as the sand of the sea: though a man may number the dust of the earth,
yet
21 thy seed shall not be numbered. Arise, walk (through the land) in the length of it and
the breadth of it, and see it all; for to thy seed will I give it.' And Abram went to Hebron, and
dwelt there.
22 And in this year came Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and Amraphel, king of Shinar, and
Arioch king of Sellasar, and Tergal, king of nations, and slew the king of Gomorrah, and the king
of Sodom
23 fled, and many fell through wounds in the vale of Siddim, by the Salt Sea. And they
took captive Sodom and Adam and Zeboim, and they took captive Lot also, the son of Abram's
brother, and
24 all his possessions, and they went to Dan. And one who had escaped came and told
Abram that
25 his brother's son had been taken captive and (Abram) armed his household servants . . .
. . . . for Abram, and for his seed, a tenth of the first fruits to the Lord, and the Lord
ordained it as an ordinance for ever that they should give it to the priests
26 who served before Him, that they should possess it for ever. And to this law there is
no limit of days; for He hath ordained it for the generations for ever that they should give to the
Lord the tenth of everything, of the seed and of the wine and of the oil and of the cattle and of the
sheep.
27,28 And He gave (it) unto His priests to eat and to drink with joy before Him. And the
king of Sodom came to him and bowed himself before him, and said: 'Our Lord Abram, give unto
us the
29 souls which thou hast rescued, but let the booty be thine.' And Abram said unto him:
'I lift up my hands to the Most High God, that from a thread to a shoe-latchet I shall not take
aught that is thine lest thou shouldst say, I have made Abram rich; save only what the young men
have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me -Aner, Eschol, and Mamre. These shall
take their portion.'
1 After these things, in the fourth year of this week, on the new moon of the third month,
the word of the Lord came to Abram in a dream, saying: 'Fear not, Abram; I am thy defender,
and
2 thy reward will be exceeding great.' And he said: 'Lord, Lord, what wilt thou give me,
seeing I go hence childless, and the son of Maseq, the son of my handmaid, is the Dammasek
Eliezer: he
3 will be my heir, and to me thou hast given no seed.' And he said unto him: 'This (man)
will not
4 be thy heir, but one that will come out of thine own bowels; he will be thine heir.' And
He brought him forth abroad, and said unto him: 'Look toward heaven and number the stars if
thou
5 art able to number them.' And he looked toward heaven, and beheld the stars. And He
said
6 unto him: 'So shall thy seed be.' And he believed in the Lord, and it was counted to him
for
7 righteousness. And He said unto him: 'I am the Lord that brought thee out of Ur of the
Chaldees, to give thee the land of the Canaanites to possess it for ever; and I will be God unto
thee and to
8 thy seed after thee.' And he said: 'Lord, Lord, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit
(it)?'
9 And He said unto him: 'Take Me an heifer of three years, and a goat of three years, and
a sheep
10 of three years, and a turtle-dove, and a pigeon.' And he took all these in the middle of
the month
11 and he dwelt at the oak of Mamre, which is near Hebron. And he built there an altar,
and sacrificed all these; and he poured their blood upon the altar, and divided them in the midst,
and
12 laid them over against each other; but the birds divided he not. And birds came down
upon the
13 pieces, and Abram drove them away, and did not suffer the birds to touch them. And it
came to pass, when the sun had set, that an ecstasy fell upon Abram, and lo ! an horror of great
darkness fell upon him, and it was said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a
stranger in a land (that is) not theirs, and they shall bring them into bondage, and afflict them four
hundred
14 years. And the nation also to whom they will be in bondage will I judge, and after that
they shall
15 come forth thence with much substance. And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace, and
be buried
16 in a good old age. But in the fourth generation they shall return hither; for the iniquity
of the
17 Amorites is not yet full.' And he awoke from his sleep, and he arose, and the sun had
set; and there was a flame, and behold ! a furnace was smoking, and a flame of fire passed
between the
18 pieces. And on that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying: 'To thy seed
will I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates, the Kenites,
the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Perizzites, and the Rephaim, the Phakorites, and the Hivites,
and the
19 Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. And the day
passed, and Abram offered the pieces, and the birds, and their fruit offerings, and their drink
offerings, and
20 the fire devoured them. And on that day we made a covenant with Abram, according
as we had covenanted with Noah in this month; and Abram renewed the festival and ordinance for
himself
21 for ever. And Abram rejoiced, and made all these things known to Sarai his wife; and
he believed
22 that he would have seed, but she did not bear. And Sarai advised her husband Abram,
and said unto him: 'Go in unto Hagar, my Egyptian maid: it may be that I shall build up seed
unto thee
23 by her.' And Abram harkened unto the voice of Sarai his wife, and said unto her, 'Do
(so).' And Sarai took Hagar, her maid, the Egyptian, and gave her to Abram, her husband, to be
his
24 wife. And he went in unto her, and she conceived and bare him a son, and he called his
name Ishmael, in the fifth year of this week [1965 A.M.]; and this was the eighty-sixth year in the
life of Abram.
1 And in the fifth year of the fourth week of this jubilee, [1979 A.M.] in the third month,
in the middle of the
2 month, Abram celebrated the feast of the first-fruits of the grain harvest. And he offered
new offerings on the altar, the first-fruits of the produce, unto the Lord, an heifer and a goat and a
sheep on the altar as a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord; their fruit offerings and their drink offerings
he
3 offered upon the altar with frankincense. And the Lord appeared to Abram, and said
unto him:
4 'I am God Almighty; approve thyself before me and be thou perfect. And I will make
My covenant between Me and thee, and I will multiply thee exceedingly.' And Abram fell on his
face, and God talked with him, and said:
6 'Behold my ordinance is with thee,
And thou shalt be the father of many nations.
7 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram,
But thy name from henceforth, even for ever, shall be Abraham.
For the father of many nations have I made thee.
And I will make thee very great,
And I will make thee into nations,
And kings shall come forth from thee.
9 And I shall establish My covenant between Me and thee, and thy seed after thee,
throughout their generations, for an eternal covenant, so that I may be a God unto thee, and to
thy seed after thee.
10
11 the land of Canaan, that thou mayst possess it for ever, and I will be their God.' And
the Lord said unto Abraham: 'And as for thee, do thou keep my covenant, thou and thy seed after
thee: and circumcise ye every male among you, and circumcise your foreskins, and it shall be a
token of
12 an eternal covenant between Me and you. And the child on the eighth day ye shall
circumcise, every male throughout your generations, him that is born in the house, or whom ye
have bought
13 with money from any stranger, whom ye have acquired who is not of thy seed. He that
is born in thy house shall surely be circumcised, and those whom thou hast bought with money
shall be circum-
14 cised, and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an eternal ordinance. And the
uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin on the eighth day, that soul
shall be cut off from
15 his people, for he has broken My covenant.' And God said unto Abraham: 'As for
Sarai thy wife,
16 her name shall no more be called Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. And I will bless
her, and give thee a son by her, and I will bless him, and he shall become a nation, and kings of
nations shall
17 proceed from him.' And Abraham fell on his face, and rejoiced, and said in his heart:
'Shall a son be born to him that is a hundred years old, and shall Sarah, who is ninety years old,
bring forth?'
18,19 And Abraham said unto God: 'O that Ishmael might live before thee!' And God
said: 'Yea, and Sarah also shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name Isaac, and I will
establish My
20 covenant with him, an everlasting covenant, and for his seed after him. And as for
Ishmael also have I heard thee, and behold I will bless him, and make him great, and multiply him
exceedingly,
21 and he shall beget twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. But My covenant
will
22 I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to thee, in these days, in the next year.'
And He left
23 off speaking with him, and God went up from Abraham. And Abraham did according
as God had said unto him, and he took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and
whom he had
24 bought with his money, every male in his house, and circumcised the flesh of their
foreskin. And on the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and all the men of his house,
25 circumcised with him. This law is for all the generations for ever, and there is no
circumcision of the days, and no omission of one day out of the eight days; for it is an eternal
ordinance, ordained
26 and written on the heavenly tablets. And every one that is born, the flesh of whose
foreskin is not circumcised on the eighth day, belongs not to the children of the covenant which
the Lord made with Abraham, but to the children of destruction; nor is there, moreover, any sign
on him that he is the Lord's, but (he is destined) to be destroyed and slain from the earth, and to
be rooted out of
27 the earth, for he has broken the covenant of the Lord our God. For all the angels of
the presence and all the angels of sanctification have been so created from the day of their
creation, and before the angels of the presence and the angels of sanctification He hath sanctified
Israel, that they should
28 be with Him and with His holy angels. And do thou command the children of Israel
and let them observe the sign of this covenant for their generations as an eternal ordinance, and
they will not be
29 rooted out of the land. For the command is ordained for a covenant, that they should
observe it
30 for ever among all the children of Israel. For Ishmael and his sons and his brothers and
Esau, the Lord did not cause to approach Him, and he chose them not because they are the
children of
31 Abraham, because He knew them, but He chose Israel to be His people. And He
sanctified it, and gathered it from amongst all the children of men; for there are many nations and
many peoples, and all are His, and over all hath He placed spirits in authority to lead them astray
from Him.
32 But over Israel He did not appoint any angel or spirit, for He alone is their ruler, and
He will preserve them and require them at the hand of His angels and His spirits, and at the hand
of all His powers in order that He may preserve them and bless them, and that they may be His
and He
33 may be theirs from henceforth for ever. And now I announce unto thee that the
children of Israel will not keep true to this ordinance, and they will not circumcise their sons
according to all this law; for in the flesh of their circumcision they will omit this circumcision of
their sons, and all of them,
34 sons of Beliar, will leave their sons uncircumcised as they were born. And there will be
great wrath from the Lord against the children of Israel. because they have forsaken His covenant
and turned aside from His word, and provoked and blasphemed, inasmuch as they do not observe
the ordinance of this law; for they have treated their members like the Gentiles, so that they may
be removed and rooted out of the land. And there will no more be pardon or forgiveness unto
them [so that there should be forgiveness and pardon] for all the sin of this eternal error.
1 And on the new moon of the fourth month we appeared unto Abraham, at the oak of
Mamre, and we talked with him, and we announced to him that a son would be given to him by
Sarah his wife.
2 And Sarah laughed, for she heard that we had spoken these words with Abraham, and
we admonished
3 her, and she became afraid, and denied that she had laughed on account of the words.
And we told her the name of her son, as his name is ordained and written in the heavenly tablets
(i.e.) Isaac,
4,5 And (that) when we returned to her at a set time, she would have conceived a son.
And in this month the Lord executed his judgments on Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Zeboim, and
all the region of the Jordan, and He burned them with fire and brimstone, and destroyed them until
this day, even as [lo] I have declared unto thee all their works, that they are wicked and sinners
exceedingly, and that they defile themselves and commit fornication in their flesh, and work
uncleanness on the earth.
6 And, in like manner, God will execute judgment on the places where they have done
according to
7 the uncleanness of the Sodomites, like unto the judgment of Sodom. But Lot we saved;
for God
8 remembered Abraham, and sent him out from the midst of the overthrow. And he and
his daughters committed sin upon the earth, such as had not been on the earth since the days of
Adam till his
9 time; for the man lay with his daughters. And, behold, it was commanded and engraven
concerning all his seed, on the heavenly tablets, to remove them and root them out, and to execute
judgment upon them like the judgment of Sodom, and to leave no seed of the man on earth on the
day
10 of condemnation. And in this month Abraham moved from Hebron, and departed and
dwelt between
11 Kadesh and Shur in the mountains of Gerar. And in the middle of the fifth month he
moved from
12 thence, and dwelt at the Well of the Oath. And in the middle of the sixth month the
Lord visited
13 Sarah and did unto her as He had spoken and she conceived. And she bare a son in the
third month, and in the middle of the month, at the time of which the Lord had spoken to
Abraham, on
14 the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born. And Abraham circumcised
his son on the eighth day: he was the first that was circumcised according to the covenant which
is ordained
15 for ever. And in the sixth year of the fourth week we came to Abraham, to the Well of
the Oath, and we appeared unto him [as we had told Sarah that we should return to her, and she
would have
16 conceived a son. And we returned in the seventh month, and found Sarah with child
before us] and we blessed him, and we announced to him all the things which had been decreed
concerning him, that he should not die till he should beget six sons more, and should see (them)
before he died; but
17 (that) in Isaac should his name and seed be called: And (that) all the seed of his sons
should be Gentiles, and be reckoned with the Gentiles; but from the sons of Isaac one should
become a holy
18 seed, and should not be reckoned among the Gentiles. For he should become the
portion of the Most High, and all his seed had fallen into the possession of God, that it should be
unto the Lord a people for (His) possession above all nations and that it should become a
kingdom and priests and
19 a holy nation. And we went our way, and we announced to Sarah all that we had told
him, and
20 they both rejoiced with exceeding great joy. And he built there an altar to the Lord
who had delivered him, and who was making him rejoice in the land of his sojourning, and he
celebrated a festival of joy in this month seven days, near the altar which he had built at the Well
of the Oath.
21 And he built booths for himself and for his servants on this festival, and he was the first
to celebrate
22 the feast of tabernacles on the earth. And during these seven days he brought each day
to the altar a burnt offering to the Lord, two oxen, two rams, seven sheep, one he-goat, for a sin
offering,
23 that he might atone thereby for himself and for his seed. And, as a thank-offering,
seven rams, seven kids, seven sheep, and seven he-goats, and their fruit offerings and their drink
offerings; and he burnt all the fat thereof on the altar, a chosen offering unto the Lord for a sweet
smelling savour.
24 And morning and evening he burnt fragrant substances, frankincense and galbanum,
and stackte, and nard, and myrrh, and spice, and costum; all these seven he offered, crushed,
mixed together in
25 equal parts (and) pure. And he celebrated this feast during seven days, rejoicing with
all his heart and with all his soul, he and all those who were in his house, and there was no
stranger with him,
26 nor any that was uncircumcised. And he blessed his Creator who had created him in
his generation, for He had created him according to His good pleasure; for He knew and
perceived that from him would arise the plant of righteousness for the eternal generations, and
from him a holy seed, so that it
27 should become like Him who had made all things. And he blessed and rejoiced, and he
called the
28 name of this festival the festival of the Lord, a joy acceptable to the Most High God.
And we blessed him for ever, and all his seed after him throughout all the generations of the earth,
because
29 he celebrated this festival in its season, according to the testimony of the heavenly
tablets. For this reason it is ordained on the heavenly tablets concerning Israel, that they shall
celebrate the feast of tabernacles seven days with joy, in the seventh month, acceptable before the
Lord -a statute for
30 ever throughout their generations every year. And to this there is no limit of days; for
it is ordained for ever regarding Israel that they should celebrate it and dwell in booths, and set
wreaths upon
31 their heads, and take leafy boughs, and willows from the brook. And Abraham took
branches of palm trees, and the fruit of goodly trees, and every day going round the altar with the
branches seven times [a day] in the morning, he praised and gave thanks to his God for all things
in joy.
1 And in the first year of the fifth week Isaac was weaned in this jubilee, [1982 A.M.] and
Abraham made
2 a great banquet in the third month, on the day his son Isaac was weaned. And Ishmael,
the son of Hagar, the Egyptian, was before the face of Abraham, his father, in his place, and
Abraham rejoiced
3 and blessed God because he had seen his sons and had not died childless. And he
remembered the words which He had spoken to him on the day on which Lot had parted from
him, and he rejoiced because the Lord had given him seed upon the earth to inherit the earth, and
he blessed with all his
4 mouth the Creator of all things. And Sarah saw Ishmael playing and dancing, and
Abraham rejoicing with great joy, and she became jealous of Ishmael and said to Abraham, 'Cast
out this
5 bondwoman and her son; for the son of this bondwoman will not be heir with my son,
Isaac.' And the thing was grievous in Abraham's sight, because of his maidservant and because of
his son,
6 that he should drive them from him. And God said to Abraham 'Let it not be grievous in
thy sight, because of the child and because of the bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto
thee,
7 harken to her words and do (them); for in Isaac shall thy name and seed be called. But
as for
8 the son of this bondwoman I will make him a great nation, because he is of thy seed.'
And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and placed them
on the shoulders
9 of Hagar and the child, and sent her away. And she departed and wandered in the
wilderness of Beersheba, and the water in the bottle was spent, and the child thirsted, and was not
able to go on,
10 and fell down. And his mother took him and cast him under an olive tree, and went
and sat her down over against him, at the distance of a bow-shot; for she said, 'Let me not see the
death of my
11 child,' and as she sat she wept. And an angel of God, one of the holy ones, said unto
her, 'Why weepest thou, Hagar? Arise take the child, and hold him in thine hand; for God hath
heard thy
12 voice, and hath seen the child.' And she opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water,
and she went and filled her bottle with water, and she gave her child to drink, and she arose and
went towards
13 the wilderness of Paran. And the child grew and became an archer, and God was with
him, and his
14 mother took him a wife from among the daughters of Egypt. And she bare him a son,
and he called
15 his name Nebaioth; for she said, 'The Lord was nigh to me when I called upon him.'
And it came to pass in the seventh week, in the first year thereof, [2003 A.M.] in the first month
in this jubilee, on the twelfth of this month, there were voices in heaven regarding Abraham, that
he was faithful in all that He
16 told him, and that he loved the Lord, and that in every affliction he was faithful. And
the prince Mastema came and said before God, 'Behold, Abraham loves Isaac his son, and he
delights in him above all things else; bid him offer him as a burnt-offering on the altar, and Thou
wilt see if he will do this command, and Thou wilt know if he is faithful in everything wherein
Thou dost try him.
17 And the Lord knew that Abraham was faithful in all his afflictions; for He had tried him
through his country and with famine, and had tried him with the wealth of kings, and had tried him
again through his wife, when she was torn (from him), and with circumcision; and had tried him
through
18 Ishmael and Hagar, his maid-servant, when he sent them away. And in everything
wherein He had tried him, he was found faithful, and his soul was not impatient, and he was not
slow to act; for he was faithful and a lover of the Lord.
1,2 And God said to him, 'Abraham, Abraham'; and he said, Behold, (here) am I.' And he
said, Take thy beloved son whom thou lovest, (even) Isaac, and go unto the high country, and
offer him
3 on one of the mountains which I will point out unto thee.' And he rose early in the
morning and saddled his ass, and took his two young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave
the wood of the
4 burnt offering, and he went to the place on the third day, and he saw the place afar off.
And he came to a well of water, and he said to his young men, 'Abide ye here with the ass, and I
and the
5 lad shall go (yonder), and when we have worshipped we shall come again to you.' And
he took the wood of the burnt-offering and laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire
and the
6 knife, and they went both of them together to that place. And Isaac said to his father,
'Father;' and he said, 'Here am I, my son.' And he said unto him, 'Behold the fire, and the knife,
and the
7 wood; but where is the sheep for the burnt-offering, father?' And he said, 'God will
provide for himself a sheep for a burnt-offering, my son.' And he drew near to the place of the
mount of
8 God. And he built an altar, and he placed the wood on the altar, and bound Isaac his
son, and placed him on the wood which was upon the altar, and stretched forth his hand to take
the knife
9 to slay Isaac his son. And I stood before him, and before the prince Mastema, and the
Lord said, 'Bid him not to lay his hand on the lad, nor to do anything to him, for I have shown that
he fears
10 the Lord.' And I called to him from heaven, and said unto him: 'Abraham, Abraham;'
and he
11 was terrified and said: 'Behold, (here) am I.' And I said unto him: 'Lay not thy hand
upon the lad, neither do thou anything to him; for now I have shown that thou fearest the Lord,
and hast
12 not withheld thy son, thy first-born son, from me.' And the prince Mastema was put to
shame; and Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold a ram caught . . . by his horns, and
Abraham
13 went and took the ram and offered it for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son. And
Abraham called that place 'The Lord hath seen', so that it is said
14 Mount Sion. And the Lord called Abraham by his name a second time from heaven, as
he caused
15 us to appear to speak to him in the name of the Lord. And he said: 'By Myself have I
sworn, saith the Lord,
Because thou hast done this thing,
And hast not withheld thy son, thy beloved son, from Me,
That in blessing I will bless thee,
And in multiplying I will multiply thy seed
As the stars of heaven, And as the sand which is on the seashore.
And thy seed shall inherit the cities of its enemies,
16 And in thy seed shall all nations of the earth be blessed;
Because thou hast obeyed My voice,
And I have shown to all that thou art faithful unto Me in all that I have said unto thee:
Go in peace.'
17 And Abraham went to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba,
and Abraham [2010 A.M.]
19 returned in peace. And accordingly has it been ordained and written on the heavenly
tablets regarding Israel and its seed that they should observe this festival seven days with the joy
of festival.
1 And in the first year of the first week in the forty-second jubilee, Abraham returned and
dwelt
2 opposite Hebron, that is Kirjath Arba, two weeks of years. And in the first year of the
third week
3 of this jubilee the days of the life of Sarah were accomplished, and she died in Hebron.
And Abraham went to mourn over her and bury her, and we tried him [to see] if his spirit were
patient and he were not indignant in the words of his mouth; and he was found patient in this, and
was not
4 disturbed. For in patience of spirit he conversed with the children of Heth, to the intent
that they
5 should give him a place in which to bury his dead. And the Lord gave him grace before
all who saw him, and he besought in gentleness the sons of Heth, and they gave him the land of
the double
6 cave over against Mamre, that is Hebron, for four hundred pieces of silver. And they
besought him saying, We shall give it to thee for nothing; but he would not take it from their
hands for nothing, for he gave the price of the place, the money in full, and he bowed down before
them twice, and after
7 this he buried his dead in the double cave. And all the days of the life of Sarah were one
hundred and twenty-seven years, that is, two jubilees and four weeks and one year: these are the
days of the
8 years of the life of Sarah. This is the tenth trial wherewith Abraham was tried, and he
was found
9 faithful, patient in spirit. And he said not a single word regarding the rumour in the land
how that God had said that He would give it to him and to his seed after him, and he begged a
place there to bury his dead; for he was found faithful, and was recorded on the heavenly tablets
as the friend of
10 God. And in the fourth year thereof he took a wife for his son Isaac and her name was
Rebecca [2020 A.M.] [the daughter of Bethuel, the son of Nahor, the brother of Abraham] the
sister of Laban and daughter of Bethuel; and Bethuel was the son of Melca, who was the wife of
Nahor, the brother of Abraham.
11 And Abraham took to himself a third wife, and her name was Keturah, from among the
daughters of his household servants, for Hagar had died before Sarah. And she bare him six sons,
Zimram,
12 and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah, in the two weeks of
years. And in
13 the sixth week, in the second year thereof, Rebecca bare to Isaac two sons, Jacob and
Esau, and [2046 A.M.] Jacob was a smooth and upright man, and Esau was fierce, a man of the
field, and hairy, and Jacob
14 dwelt in tents. And the youths grew, and Jacob learned to write; but Esau did not
learn, for he
15 was a man of the field and a hunter, and he learnt war, and all his deeds were fierce.
And Abraham
16 loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau. And Abraham saw the deeds of Esau, and he knew
that in Jacob should his name and seed be called; and he called Rebecca and gave commandment
regarding
17 Jacob, for he knew that she (too) loved Jacob much more than Esau. And he said unto
her:
My daughter, watch over my son Jacob,
For he shall be in my stead on the earth,
And for a blessing in the midst of the children of men,
And for the glory of the whole seed of Shem.
18 For I know that the Lord will choose him to be a people for possession unto Himself,
above all
19 peoples that are upon the face of the earth. And behold, Isaac my son loves Esau more
than Jacob, but I see that thou truly lovest Jacob.
20 Add still further to thy kindness to him,
And let thine eyes be upon him in love;
For he shall be a blessing unto us on the earth from henceforth unto all generations of the
earth.
21 Let thy hands be strong
And let thy heart rejoice in thy son Jacob;
For I have loved him far beyond all my sons.
He shall be blessed for ever,
And his seed shall fill the whole earth.
22 If a man can number the sand of the earth,
His seed also shall be numbered.
23 And all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and my seed shall belong to
Jacob and
24 his seed alway. And in his seed shall my name be blessed, and the name of my fathers,
Shem, and
25 Noab, and Enoch, and Mahalalel, and Enos, and Seth, and Adam. And these shall
serve
To lay the foundations of the heaven,
And to strengthen the earth,
And to renew all the luminaries which are in the firmament.
26 And he called Jacob before the eyes of Rebecca his mother, and kissed him, and blessed
him, and
27 said: 'Jacob, my beloved son, whom my soul loveth, may God bless thee from above
the firmament, and may He give thee all the blessings wherewith He blessed Adam, and Enoch,
and Noah, and Shem; and all the things of which He told me, and all the things which He
promised to give me, may he cause to cleave to thee and to thy seed for ever, according to the
days of heaven above the
28 earth. And the Spirits of Mastema shall not rule over thee or over thy seed to turn thee
from the
29 Lord, who is thy God from henceforth for ever. And may the Lord God be a father to
thee and
30 thou the first-born son, and to the people alway. Go in peace, my son.' And they both
went forth
31 together from Abraham. And Rebecca loved Jacob, with all her heart and with all her
soul, very much more than Esau; but Isaac loved Esau much more than Jacob.
1 And in the forty-second jubilee, in the first year of the seventh week, Abraham called
Ishmael, [2052 (2045?) A.M.]
3 so walk with regard to them as to do judgment and righteousness on the earth. That
they should circumcise their sons, according to the covenant which He had made with them, and
not deviate to the right hand or the left of all the paths which the Lord had commanded us; and
that we should keep ourselves from all fornication and uncleanness, [and renounce from amongst
us all fornication and
4 uncleanness]. And if any woman or maid commit fornication amongst you, burn her
with fire and let them not commit fornication with her after their eyes and their heart; and let them
not take to themselves wives from the daughters of Canaan; for the seed of Canaan will be rooted
out of
5 the land. And he told them of the judgment of the giants, and the judgment of the
Sodomites, how they had been judged on account of their wickedness, and had died on account of
their fornication, and uncleanness, and mutual corruption through fornication.
6 'And guard yourselves from all fornication and uncleanness,
And from all pollution of sin,
Lest ye make our name a curse,
And your whole life a hissing,
And all your sons to be destroyed by the sword,
And ye become accursed like Sodom,
And all your remnant as the sons of Gomorrah.
7 I implore you, my sons, love the God of heaven
And cleave ye to all His commandments.
And walk not after their idols, and after their uncleannesses,
8 And make not for yourselves molten or graven gods;
For they are vanity,
And there is no spirit in them;
For they are work of (men's) hands,
And all who trust in them, trust in nothing.
9 Serve them not, nor worship them,
But serve ye the most high God, and worship Him continually:
And hope for His countenance always,
And work uprightness and righteousness before Him,
That He may have pleasure in you and grant you His mercy,
And send rain upon you morning and evening,
And bless all your works which ye have wrought upon the earth,
And bless thy bread and thy water,
And bless the fruit of thy womb and the fruit of thy land,
And the herds of thy cattle, and the flocks of thy sheep.
10 And ye will be for a blessing on the earth,
And all nations of the earth will desire you,
And bless your sons in my name,
That they may be blessed as I am.
11 And he gave to Ishmael and to his sons, and to the sons of Keturah, gifts, and sent
them away
12 from Isaac his son, and he gave everything to Isaac his son. And Ishmael and his sons,
and the sons of Keturah and their sons, went together and dwelt from Paran to the entering in of
Babylon in
13 all the land which is towards the East facing the desert. And these mingled with each
other, and their name was called Arabs, and Ishmaelites.
1 And in the sixth year of the seventh week of this jubilee Abraham called Isaac his son,
and [2057 (2050?) A.M.] commanded him: saying, 'I am become old, and know not the day of
my death, and am full of my
2 days. And behold, I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, and throughout all the
days of my life I have remembered the Lord, and sought with all my heart to do His will, and to
walk uprightly
3 in all His ways. My soul has hated idols,
5 ment on all those who transgress His commandments and despise His covenant. And do
thou, my son, observe His commandments and His ordinances and His judgments, and walk not
after the
6 abominations and after the graven images and after the molten images. And eat no
blood at all of
7 animals or cattle, or of any bird which flies in the heaven. And if thou dost slay a victim
as an acceptable peace offering, slay ye it, and pour out its blood upon the altar, and all the fat of
the offering offer on the altar with fine flour and the meat offering mingled with oil, with its drink
offering -offer them all together on the altar of burnt offering; it is a sweet savour before the
Lord.
8 And thou wilt offer the fat of the sacrifice of thank offerings on the fire which is upon
the altar, and the fat which is on the belly, and all the fat on the inwards and the two kidneys, and
all the fat that
9 is upon them, and upon the loins and liver thou shalt remove, together with the kidneys.
And offer all these for a sweet savour acceptable before the Lord, with its meat-offering and with
its drink-
10 offering, for a sweet savour, the bread of the offering unto the Lord. And eat its meat
on that day and on the second day, and let not the sun on the second day go down upon it till it is
eaten, and let nothing be left over for the third day; for it is not acceptable [for it is not approved]
and let it no longer be eaten, and all who eat thereof will bring sin upon themselves; for thus I
have found it written in the books of my forefathers, and in the words of Enoch, and in the words
of Noah.
11 And on all thy oblations thou shalt strew salt, and let not the salt of the covenant be
lacking in all
12 thy oblations before the Lord. And as regards the wood of the sacrifices, beware lest
thou bring (other) wood for the altar in addition to these: cypress, bay, almond, fir, pine, cedar,
savin, fig, olive,
13 myrrh, laurel, aspalathus. And of these kinds of wood lay upon the altar under the
sacrifice, such as have been tested as to their appearance, and do not lay (thereon) any split or
dark wood, (but) hard and clean, without fault, a sound and new growth; and do not lay (thereon)
old wood, [for its
14 fragrance is gone] for there is no longer fragrance in it as before. Besides these kinds
of wood there is none other that thou shalt place (on the altar), for the fragrance is dispersed, and
the smell of its
15 fragrance goes not up to heaven. Observe this commandment and do it, my son, that
thou mayst
16 be upright in all thy deeds. And at all times be clean in thy body, and wash thyself with
water before thou approachest to offer on the altar, and wash thy hands and thy feet before thou
drawest
17 near to the altar; and when thou art done sacrificing, wash again thy hands and thy feet.
And let no blood appear upon you nor upon your clothes; be on thy guard, my son, against blood,
be on thy
18 guard exceedingly; cover it with dust. And do not eat any blood for it is the soul; eat
no blood whatever. And take no gifts for the blood of man, lest it be shed with impunity, without
judgment; for it is the blood that is shed that causes the earth to sin, and the earth cannot be
cleansed from the
20 blood of man save by the blood of him who shed it. And take no present or gift for the
blood of man: blood for blood, that thou mayest be accepted before the Lord, the Most High
God; for He is the defence of the good: and that thou mayest be preserved from all evil, and that
He may save thee from every kind of death.
21 I see, my son,
That all the works of the children of men are sin and wickedness,
And all their deeds are uncleanness and an abomination and a pollution,
And there is no righteousness with them.
22 Beware, lest thou shouldest walk in their ways
And tread in their paths,
And sin a sin unto death before the Most High God.
Else He will [hide His face from thee
And] give thee back into the hands of thy transgression,
And root thee out of the land, and thy seed likewise from under heaven,
And thy name and thy seed shall perish from the whole earth.
23 Turn away from all their deeds and all their uncleanness,
And observe the ordinance of the Most High God,
And do His will and be upright in all things.
24 And He will bless thee in all thy deeds,
And will raise up from thee a plant of righteousness through all the earth, throughout all
generations of the earth,
And my name and thy name shall not be forgotten under heaven for ever.
25 Go, my son in peace.
May the Most High God, my God and thy God, strengthen thee to do His will,
And may He bless all thy seed and the residue of thy seed for the generations for ever,
with all righteous blessings,
That thou mayest be a blessing on all the earth.'
26 And he went out from him rejoicing.
1 And it came to pass in the first week in the forty-fourth jubilee, in the second year, that
is, the year in which Abraham died, that Isaac and Ishmael came from the Well of the Oath to
celebrate the feast of weeks -that is, the feast of the first fruits of the harvest-to Abraham,
their
2 father, and Abraham rejoiced because his two sons had come. For Isaac had many
possessions in
3 Beersheba, and Isaac was wont to go and see his possessions and to return to his father.
And in those days Ishmael came to see his father, and they both came together, and Isaac offered
a sacrifice
4 for a burnt offering, and presented it on the altar of his father which he had made in
Hebron. And he offered a thank offering and made a feast of joy before Ishmael, his brother: and
Rebecca made new cakes from the new grain, and gave them to Jacob, her son, to take them to
Abraham, his father, from the first fruits of the land, that he might eat and bless the Creator of all
things before he died.
5 And Isaac, too, sent by the hand of Jacob to Abraham a best thank offering, that he
might eat and
6 drink. And he eat and drank, and blessed the Most High God,
Who hath created heaven and earth,
Who hath made all the fat things of the earth,
And given them to the children of men
That they might eat and drink and bless their Creator.
7 'And now I give thanks unto Thee, my God, because thou hast caused me to see this
day: behold, I am one hundred three score and fifteen years, an old man and full of days, and all
my days have
8 been unto me peace. The sword of the adversary has not overcome me in all that Thou
hast given
9 me and my children all the days of my life until this day. My God, may Thy mercy and
Thy peace be upon Thy servant, and upon the seed of his sons, that they may be to Thee a chosen
nation and an inheritance from amongst all the nations of the earth from henceforth unto all the
days of the
10 generations of the earth, unto all the ages.' And he called Jacob and said: 'My son
Jacob, may the God of all bless thee and strengthen thee to do righteousness, and His will before
Him, and may He choose thee and thy seed that ye may become a people for His inheritance
according to His will
11 alway. And do thou, my son, Jacob, draw near and kiss me.' And he drew near and
kissed him, and he said:
'Blessed be my son Jacob
And all the sons of God Most High, unto all the ages:
May God give unto thee a seed of righteousness;
And some of thy sons may He sanctify in the midst of the whole earth;
May nations serve thee,
And all the nations bow themselves before thy seed.
12 Be strong in the presence of men,
And exercise authority over all the seed of Seth.
Then thy ways and the ways of thy sons will be justified,
So that they shall become a holy nation.
13 May the Most High God give thee all the blessings
Wherewith He has blessed me
And wherewith He blessed Noah and Adam;
May they rest on the sacred head of thy seed from generation to generation for ever.
14 And may He cleanse thee from all unrighteousness and impurity,
That thou mayest be forgiven all the transgressions; which thou hast committed
ignorantly.
And may He strengthen thee,
And bless thee.
And mayest thou inherit the whole earth,
15 And may He renew His covenant with thee.
That thou mayest be to Him a nation for His inheritance for all the ages,
And that He may be to thee and to thy seed a God in truth and righteousness throughout
all the days of the earth.
16 And do thou, my son Jacob, remember my words,
And observe the commandments of Abraham, thy father:
Separate thyself from the nations,
And eat not with them:
And do not according to their works,
And become not their associate;
For their works are unclean,
And all their ways are a Pollution and an abomination and uncleanness.
17 They offer their sacrifices to the dead
And they worship evil spirits,
And they eat over the graves,
And all their works are vanity and nothingness.
18 They have no heart to understand
And their eyes do not see what their works are,
And how they err in saying to a piece of wood: 'Thou art my God,'
And to a stone: 'Thou art my Lord and thou art my deliverer.'
[And they have no heart.]
19 And as for thee, my son Jacob,
May the Most High God help thee
And the God of heaven bless thee
And remove thee from their uncleanness and from all their error.
20 Be thou ware, my son Jacob, of taking a wife from any seed of the daughters of Canaan;
For all his seed is to be rooted out of the earth.
21 For, owing to the transgression of Ham, Canaan erred,
And all his seed shall be destroyed from off the earth and all the residue thereof,
And none springing from him shall be saved on the day of judgment.
22 And as for all the worshippers of idols and the profane
(b) There shall be no hope for them in the land of the living;
(c) And there shall be no remembrance of them on the earth;
(c) For they shall descend into Sheol,
(d) And into the place of condemnation shall they go,
As the children of Sodom were taken away from the earth
So will all those who worship idols be taken away.
23 Fear not, my son Jacob,
And be not dismayed, O son of Abraham:
May the Most High God preserve thee from destruction,
And from all the paths of error may he deliver thee.
24 This house have I built for myself that I might put my name upon it in the earth: [it is
given to thee and to thy seed for ever], and it will be named the house of Abraham; it is given to
thee and to thy seed for ever; for thou wilt build my house and establish my name before God for
ever: thy seed and thy name will stand throughout all generations of the earth.'
25,26 And he ceased commanding him and blessing him. And the two lay together on one
bed, and Jacob slept in the bosom of Abraham, his father's father and he kissed him seven times,
and his
27 affection and his heart rejoiced over him. And he blessed him with all his heart and
said: 'The Most High God, the God of all, and Creator of all, who brought me forth from Ur of
the Chaldees that he might give me this land to inherit it for ever, and that I might establish a holy
seed-blessed
28 be the Most High for ever.' And he blessed Jacob and said: 'My son, over whom with
all my heart and my affection I rejoice, may Thy grace and Thy mercy be lift up upon him and
upon his seed
29 alway. And do not forsake him, nor set him at nought from henceforth unto the days
of eternity, and may Thine eyes be opened upon him and upon his seed, that Thou mayst preserve
him, and
30 bless him, and mayest sanctify him as a nation for Thine inheritance; And bless him with
all Thy blessings from henceforth unto all the days of eternity, and renew Thy covenant and Thy
grace with him and with his seed according to all Thy good pleasure unto all the generations of
the earth.'
1 And he placed two fingers of Jacob on his eyes, and he blessed the God of gods, and he
covered his face and stretched out his feet and slept the sleep of eternity, and was gathered to his
fathers.
2 And notwithstanding all this Jacob was lying in his bosom, and knew not that Abraham,
his father's
3 father, was dead. And Jacob awoke from his sleep, and behold Abraham was cold as
ice, and he
4 said 'Father, father'; but there was none that spake, and he knew that he was dead. And
he arose from his bosom and ran and told Rebecca, his mother; and Rebecca went to Isaac in the
night, and told him; and they went together, and Jacob with them, and a lamp was in his hand,
and
5 when they had gone in they found Abraham lying dead. And Isaac fell on the face of his
father
6 and wept and kissed him. And the voices were heard in the house of Abraham, and
Ishmael his son arose, and went to Abraham his father, and wept over Abraham his father, he and
all the house
7 of Abraham, and they wept with a great weeping. And his sons Isaac and Ishmael
buried him in the double cave, near Sarah his wife, and they wept for him forty days, all the men
of his house, and Isaac and Ishmael, and all their sons, and all the sons of Keturah in their places;
and the days of
8 weeping for Abraham were ended. And he lived three jubilees and four weeks of years,
one hundred
9 and seventy-five years, and completed the days of his life, being old and full of days. For
the days of the forefathers, of their life, were nineteen jubilees; and after the Flood they began to
grow less than nineteen jubilees, and to decrease in jubilees, and to grow old quickly, and to be
full of their days by reason of manifold tribulation and the wickedness of their ways, with the
exception of
10 Abraham. For Abraham was perfect in all his deeds with the Lord, and well-pleasing in
righteousness all the days of his life; and behold, he did not complete four jubilees in his life, when
he had
11 grown old by reason of the wickedness, and was full of his days. And all the
generations which shall arise from this time until the day of the great judgment shall grow old
quickly, before they complete two jubilees, and their knowledge shall forsake them by reason of
their old age Land all their know-
12 ledge shall vanish away]. And in those days, if a man live a jubilee and a-half of years,
they shall say regarding him: 'He has lived long, and the greater part of his days are pain and
sorrow and
13 tribulation, and there is no peace: For calamity follows on calamity, and wound on
wound, and tribulation on tribulation, and evil tidings on evil tidings, and illness on illness, and all
evil judgments such as these, one with another, illness and overthrow, and snow and frost and ice,
and fever, and chills, and torpor, and famine, and death, and sword, and captivity, and all kinds of
calamities and
14 pains.' And all these shall come on an evil generation, which transgresses on the earth:
their works
15 are uncleanness and fornication, and pollution and abominations. Then they shall say:
'The days of the forefathers were many (even), unto a thousand years, and were good; but behold,
the days of our life, if a man has lived many, are three score years and ten, and, if he is strong,
four score years,
16 and those evil, and there is no peace in the days of this evil generation.' And in that
generation the sons shall convict their fathers and their elders of sin and unrighteousness, and of
the words of their mouth and the great wickednesses which they perpetrate, and concerning their
forsaking the covenant which the Lord made between them and Him, that they should observe
and do all His commandments and His ordinances and all His laws, without departing either to the
right hand or the left.
17 For all have done evil, and every mouth speaks iniquity and all their works are an
uncleanness and
18 an abomination, and all their ways are pollution, uncleanness and destruction. Behold
the earth shall be destroyed on account of all their works, and there shall be no seed of the vine,
and no oil; for their works are altogether faithless, and they shall all perish together, beasts and
cattle and birds, and
19 all the fish of the sea, on account of the children of men. And they shall strive one with
another, the young with the old, and the old with the young, the poor with the rich, the lowly with
the great, and the beggar with the prince, on account of the law and the covenant; for they have
forgotten commandment, and covenant, and feasts, and months, and Sabbaths, and jubilees, and
all judgments.
20 And they shall stand
21 not return until much blood has been shed on the earth, one by another. And those
who have escaped shall not return from their wickedness to the way of righteousness, but they
shall all exalt themselves to deceit and wealth, that they may each take all that is his neighbour's,
and they shall name the great name, but not in truth and not in righteousness, and they shall defile
the holy of
22 holies with their uncleanness and the corruption of their pollution. And a great
punishment shall befall the deeds of this generation from the Lord, and He will give them over to
the sword and to
23 judgment and to captivity, and to be plundered and devoured. And He will wake up
against them the sinners of the Gentiles, who have neither mercy nor compassion, and who shall
respect the person of none, neither old nor young, nor any one, for they are more wicked and
strong to do evil than all the children of men.
And they shall use violence against Israel and transgression against Jacob,
And much blood shall be shed upon the earth,
And there shall be none to gather and none to bury.
24 In those days they shall cry aloud,
And call and pray that they may be saved from the hand of the sinners, the Gentiles;
But none shall be saved.
25 And the heads of the children shall be white with grey hair,
And a child of three weeks shall appear old like a man of one hundred years,
And their stature shall be destroyed by tribulation and oppression.
26 And in those days the children shall begin to study the laws,
And to seek the commandments,
And to return to the path of righteousness.
27 And the days shall begin to grow many and increase amongst those children of men
Till their days draw nigh to one thousand years.
And to a greater number of years than (before) was the number of the days.
28 And there shall be no old man
Nor one who is
For all shall be (as) children and youths.
29 And all their days they shall complete and live in peace and in joy,
And there shall be no Satan nor any evil destroyer;
For all their days shall be days of blessing and healing.
30 And at that time the Lord will heal His servants,
And they shall rise up and see great peace,
And drive out their adversaries.
And the righteous shall see and be thankful,
And rejoice with joy for ever and ever,
And shall see all their judgments and all their curses on their enemies.
31 And their bones shall rest in the earth,
And their spirits shall have much joy,
And they shall know that it is the Lord who executes judgment,
And shows mercy to hundreds and thousands and to all that love Him
32 And do thou, Moses, write down these words; for thus are they written, and they record
(them) on the heavenly tablets for a testimony for the generations for ever.
1 And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that the Lord blessed Isaac his son, and
he arose from Hebron and went and dwelt at the Well of the Vision in the first year of the third
week [2073 A.M.]
4 thee bread, and also some of this lentil pottage.' And Esau said in his heart: 'I shall die;
of
5 what profit to me is this birthright? 'And he said to Jacob: 'I give it to thee.' And Jacob
said:
6 'Swear to me, this day,' and he sware unto him. And Jacob gave his brother Esau bread
and pottage, and he eat till he was satisfied, and Esau despised his birthright; for this reason was
Esau's name
7 called Edom, on account of the red pottage which Jacob gave him for his birthright.
And Jacob became
8 the elder, and Esau was brought down from his dignity. And the famine was over the
land, and Isaac departed to go down into Egypt in the second year of this week, and went to the
king of the Philis-
9 tines to Gerar, unto Abimelech. And the Lord appeared unto him and said unto him:
'Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the land that I shall tell thee of, and sojourn in this land, and I
will
10 be with thee and bless thee. For to thee and to thy seed will I give all this land, and I
will establish My oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father, and I will multiply thy seed as
the
11 stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all this land. And in thy seed shall all the
nations of the earth be blessed, because thy father obeyed My voice, and kept My charge and My
commandments, and My laws, and My ordinances, and My covenant; and now obey My voice and
dwell in
12,13 this land.' And he dwelt in Gelar three weeks of years. And Abimelech charged
concerning him, [2080-2101 A.M.] and concerning all that was his, saying: 'Any man that shall
touch him or aught that is his shall
14 surely die.' And Isaac waxed strong among the Philistines, and he got many
possessions, oxen
15 and sheep and camels and asses and a great household. And he sowed in the land of
the Philistines and brought in a hundred-fold, and Isaac became exceedingly great, and the
Philistines envied him.
16 Now all the wells which the servants of Abraham had dug during the life of Abraham,
the Philistines
17 had stopped them after the death of Abraham, and filled them with earth. And
Abimelech said unto Isaac: 'Go from us, for thou art much mightier than we', and Isaac departed
thence in
18 the first year of the seventh week, and sojourned in the valleys of Gerar. And they
digged again the wells of water which the servants of Abraham, his father, had digged, and which
the Philistines had closed after the death of Abraham his father, and he called their names as
Abraham his father
19 had named them. And the servants of Isaac dug a well in the valley, and found living
water, and the shepherds of Gerar strove with the shepherds of Isaac, saying: 'The water is ours';
and Isaac
20 called the name of the well 'Perversity', because they had been perverse with us. And
they dug a second well, and they strove for that also, and he called its name 'Enmity'. And he
arose from thence and they digged another well, and for that they strove not, and he called the
name of it 'Room', and Isaac said: 'Now the Lord hath made room for us, and we have increased
in the
21 land.' And he went up from thence to the Well of the Oath in the first year of the first
week in the [2108 A.M.]
23 servant.' And he built an altar there, which Abraham his father had first built, and he
called upon
24 the name of the Lord, and he offered sacrifice to the God of Abraham his father. And
they digged
25 a well and they found living water. And the servants of Isaac digged another well and
did not find water, and they went and told Isaac that they had not found water, and Isaac said: 'I
have sworn
26 this day to the Philistines and this thing has been announced to us.' And he called the
name of that place the Well of the Oath; for there he had sworn to Abimelech and Ahuzzath his
friend and
27 Phicol the prefect Or his host. And Isaac knew that day that under constraint he had
sworn to them
28 to make peace with them. And Isaac on that day cursed the Philistines and said:
'Cursed be the Philistines unto the day of wrath and indignation from the midst of all nations; may
God make them a derision and a curse and an object of wrath and indignation in the hands of the
sinners the
29 Gentiles and in the hands of the Kittim. And whoever escapes the sword of the enemy
and the Kittim, may the righteous nation root out in judgment from under heaven; for they shall be
the enemies and foes of my children throughout their generations upon the earth.
30 And no remnant shall be left to them,
Nor one that shall be saved on the day of the wrath of judgment;
For destruction and rooting out and expulsion from the earth is the whole seed of the
Philistines (reserved),
And there shall no longer be left for these Caphtorim a name or a seed on the earth.
31 For though he ascend unto heaven,
Thence shall he be brought down,
And though he make himself strong on earth,
Thence shall he be dragged forth,
And though he hide himself amongst the nations,
Even from thence shall he be rooted out;
And though he descend into Sheol,
There also shall his condemnation be great,
And there also he shall have no peace.
32 And if he go into captivity,
By the hands of those that seek his life shall they slay him on the way,
And neither name nor seed shall be left to him on all the earth;
For into eternal malediction shall he depart.'
33 And thus is it written and engraved concerning him on the heavenly tablets, to do unto him
on the day of judgment, so that he may be rooted out of the earth.
1 And in the second year of this week in this jubilee, Rebecca called Jacob her son, and
spake unto [2109 A.M.] him, saying: 'My son, do not take thee a wife of the daughters of
Canaan, as Esau, thy brother, who took him two wives of the daughters of Canaan, and they have
embittered my soul with all their unclean deeds: for all their deeds are fornication and lust, and
there is no righteousness with them,
2 for (their deeds) are evil. And I, my son, love thee exceedingly, and my heart and my
affection
3 bless thee every hour of the day and watch of the night. And now, my son, hearken to
my voice, and do the will of thy mother, and do not take thee a wife of the daughters of this land,
but only of the house of my father, and of my father's kindred. Thou shalt take thee a wife of the
house of my father, and the Most High God will bless thee, and thy children shall be a righteous
generation and
4 a holy seed.' And then spake Jacob to Rebecca, his mother, and said unto her: 'Behold,
mother, I am nine weeks of years old, and I neither know nor have I touched any woman, nor
have I betrothed
5 myself to any, nor even think of taking me a wife of the daughters of Canaan. For I
remember, mother, the words of Abraham, our father, for he commanded me not to take a wife of
the daughters
6 of Canaan, but to take me a wife from the seed of my father's house and from my
kindred. I have heard before that daughters have been born to Laban, thy brother, and I have set
my heart on them
7 to take a wife from amongst them. And for this reason I have guarded myself in my
spirit against sinning or being corrupted in all my ways throughout all the days of my life; for with
regard to lust
8 and fornication, Abraham, my father, gave me many commands. And, despite all that he
has commanded me, these two and twenty years my brother has striven with me, and spoken
frequently to me and said: 'My brother, take to wife a sister of my two wives'; but I refuse to do
as he has done.
9 I swear before thee, mother, that all the days of my life I will not take me a wife from
the daughters
10 of the seed of Canaan, and I will not act wickedly as my brother has done. Fear not,
mother; be
11 assured that I shall do thy will and walk in uprightness, and not corrupt my ways for
ever.' And thereupon she lifted up her face to heaven and extended the fingers of her hands, and
opened her mouth and blessed the Most High God, who had created the heaven and the earth, and
she gave Him
12 thanks and praise. And she said: 'Blessed be the Lord God, and may His holy name be
blessed for ever and ever, who has given me Jacob as a pure son and a holy seed; for he is Thine,
and Thine
13 shall his seed be continually and throughout all the generations for evermore. Bless
him, O Lord,
14 and place in my mouth the blessing of righteousness, that I may bless him.' And at that
hour, when the spirit of righteousness descended into her mouth, she placed both her hands on the
head of Jacob, and said:
15 Blessed art thou, Lord of righteousness and God of the ages
And may He bless thee beyond all the generations of men.
May He give thee, my Son, the path of righteousness,
And reveal righteousness to thy seed.
16 And may He make thy sons many during thy life,
And may they arise according to the number of the months of the year.
And may their sons become many and great beyond the stars of heaven,
And their numbers be more than the sand of the sea.
17 And may He give them this goodly land -as He said He would give it to Abraham and to
his seed after him alway-
And may they hold it as a possession for ever.
18 And may I see (born) unto thee, my son, blessed children during my life,
And a blessed and holy seed may all thy seed be.
19 And as thou hast refreshed thy mother's spirit during her life,
The womb of her that bare thee blesses thee thus,
[My affection] and my breasts bless thee
And my mouth and my tongue praise thee greatly.
20 Increase and spread over the earth,
And may thy seed be perfect in the joy of heaven and earth for ever;
And may thy seed rejoice,
And on the great day of peace may it have peace.
21 And may thy name and thy seed endure to all the ages,
And may the Most High God be their God,
And may the God of righteousness dwell with them,
And by them may His sanctuary be built unto all the ages.
22 Blessed be he that blesseth thee,
And all flesh that curseth thee falsely, may it be cursed.'
23 And she kissed him, and said to him;
'May the Lord of the world love thee
As the heart of thy mother and her affection rejoice in thee and bless thee.'
And she ceased from blessing.
1 And in the seventh year of this week Isaac called Esau, his elder Son, and said unto him:
' I am [2114 A.M.]
3 eat, and that my soul may bless thee before I die.' But Rebecca heard Isaac speaking to
Esau.
4,5 And Esau went forth early to the field to hunt and catch and bring home to his father.
And Rebecca called Jacob, her son, and said unto him: 'Behold, I heard Isaac, thy father, speak
unto Esau, thy brother, saying: "Hunt for me, and make me savoury meat, and bring (it) to me
that
6 I may eat and bless thee before the Lord before I die." And now, my son, obey my voice
in that which I command thee: Go to thy flock and fetch me two good kids of the goats, and I
will make them savoury meat for thy father, such as he loves, and thou shalt bring (it) to thy father
that he
7 may eat and bless thee before the Lord before he die, and that thou mayst be blessed.'
And Jacob said to Rebecca his mother: 'Mother, I shall not withhold anything which my father
would eat, and which would please him: only I fear, my mother, that he will recognise my voice
and wish to touch
8 me. And thou knowest that I am smooth, and Esau, my brother, is hairy, and I shall
appear before his eyes as an evildoer, and shall do a deed which he had not commanded me, and
he will be
9 wroth with me, and I shall bring upon myself a curse, and not a blessing.' And Rebecca,
his
10 mother, said unto him: 'Upon me be thy curse, my son, only obey my voice.' And
Jacob obeyed the voice of Rebecca, his mother, and went and fetched two good and fat kids of
the goats, and
11 brought them to his mother, and his mother made them ~savoury meat~ such as he
loved. And Rebecca took the goodly rainment of Esau, her elder son, which was with her in the
house, and she clothed Jacob, her younger son, (with them), and she put the skins of the kids
upon his hands and on
12 the exposed parts of his neck. And she gave the meat and the bread which she had
prepared into
13 the hand of her son Jacob. And Jacob went in to his father and said: 'I am thy son: I
have done according as thou badest me: arise and sit and eat of that which I have caught, father,
that thy soul
14,15 may bless me.' And Isaac said to his son: 'How hast thou found so quickly, my
son? 'And Jacob
16 said: 'Because (the Lord thy God caused me to find.' And Isaac said unto him: Come
near, that
17 I may feel thee, my son, if thou art my son Esau or not.' And Jacob went near to Isaac,
his father,
18 and he felt him and said: 'The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of
Esau,' and he discerned him not, because it was a dispensation from heaven to remove his power
of perception and
19 Isaac discerned not, for his hands were hairy as his brother Esau's, so that he blessed
him. And he said: 'Art thou my son Esau? ' and he said: 'I am thy son': and he said, 'Bring near
to me that
20 I may eat of that which thou hast caught, my son, that my soul may bless thee.' And he
brought
21 near to him, and he did eat, and he brought him wine and he drank. And Isaac, his
father, said unto
22 him: 'Come near and kiss me, my son. And he came near and kissed him. And he
smelled the smell of his raiment, and he blessed him and said: 'Behold, the smell of my son is as
the smell of a (full) field which the Lord hath blessed.
23 And may the Lord give thee of the dew of heaven
And of the dew of the earth, and plenty of corn and oil:
Let nations serve thee,
And peoples bow down to thee.
24 Be lord over thy brethren,
And let thy mother's sons bow down to thee;
And may all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and blessed Abraham, my
father;
Be imparted to thee and to thy seed for ever:
Cursed be he that curseth thee,
And blessed be he that blesseth thee.'
25 And it came to pass as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing his son Jacob, and
Jacob had gone
26 forth from Isaac his father he hid himself and Esau, his brother, came in from his
hunting. And he also made savoury meat, and brought (it) to his father, and said unto his father:
'Let my father
27 arise, and eat of my venison that thy soul may bless me.' And Isaac, his father, said unto
him: 'Who art thou? 'And he said unto him: 'I am thy first born, thy son Esau: I have done as
thou hast
28 commanded me.' And Isaac was very greatly astonished, and said: 'Who is he that
hath hunted and caught and brought (it) to me, and I have eaten of all before thou camest, and
have blessed him:
29 (and) he shall be blessed, and all his seed for ever.' And it came to pass when Esau
heard the words of his father Isaac that he cried with an exceeding great and bitter cry, and said
unto his father:
30 'Bless me, (even) me also, father.' And he said unto him: 'Thy brother came with guile,
and hath taken away thy blessing.' And he said: 'Now I know why his name is named Jacob:
behold, he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my birth-right, and now he hath
taken away
31 my blessing.' And he said: 'Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me, father?' and Isaac
answered and said unto Esau:
31 'Behold, I have made him thy lord,
And all his brethren have I given to him for servants,
And with plenty of corn and wine and oil have I strengthened him:
And what now shall I do for thee, my son?'
32 And Esau said to Isaac, his father:
'Hast thou but one blessing, O father?
Bless me, (even) me also, father: '
33 And Esau lifted up his voice and wept.
And Isaac answered and said unto him:
'Behold, far from the dew of the earth shall be thy dwelling,
And far from the dew of heaven from above.
34 And by thy sword wilt thou live,
And thou wilt serve thy brother.
And it shall come to pass when thou becomest great,
And dost shake his yoke from off thy neck,
Thou shalt sin a complete sin unto death,
And thy seed shall be rooted out from under heaven.'
35 And Esau kept threatening Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his father blessed him,
and he: said in his heart: 'May the days of mourning for my father now come, so that I may slay
my brother Jacob.'
1 And the words of Esau, her elder son, were told to Rebecca in a dream, and Rebecca
sent and
2 called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him: 'Behold Esau thy brother will take
vengeance on
3 thee so as to kill thee. Now, therefore, my son, obey my voice, and arise and flee thou
to Laban, my brother, to Haran, and tarry with him a few days until thy brother's anger turns
away, and he remove his anger from thee, and forget all that thou hast done; then I will send and
fetch thee from
4,5 thence.' And Jacob said: 'I am not afraid; if he wishes to kill me, I will kill him.' But
she said
6 unto him: 'Let me not be bereft of both my sons on one day.' And Jacob said to
Rebecca his mother: 'Behold, thou knowest that my father has become old, and does not see
because his eyes are dull, and if I leave him it will be evil in his eyes, because I leave him and go
away from you, and my father will be angry, and will curse me. I will not go; when he sends me,
then only will I go.'
7,8 And Rebecca said to Jacob: 'I will go in and speak to him, and he will send thee
away.' And Rebecca went in and said to Isaac: 'I loathe my life because of the two daughters of
Heth, whom Esau has taken him as wives; and if Jacob take a wife from among the daughters of
the land such
9 as these, for what purpose do I further live, for the daughters of Canaan are evil.' And
Isaac called
10 Jacob and blessed him, and admonished him and said unto him: 'Do not take thee a
wife of any of the daughters of Canaan; arise and go to Mesopotamia, to the house of Bethuel,
thy mother's father,
11 and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban, thy mother's brother. And
God Almighty bless thee and increase and multiply thee that thou mayest become a company of
nations, and give thee the blessings of my father Abraham, to thee and to thy seed after thee, that
thou mayest inherit the land of thy sojournings and all the land which God gave to Abraham: go,
my
12 son, in peace.' And Isaac sent Jacob away, and he went to Mesopotamia, to Laban the
son of
13 Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebecca, Jacob's mother. And it came to pass after
Jacob had
14 arisen to go to Mesopotamia that the spirit of Rebecca was grieved after her son, and
she wept. And Isaac said to Rebecca: 'My sister, weep not on account of Jacob, my son; for he
goeth in peace, and
15 in peace will he return. The Most High God will preserve him from all evil, and will be
with him;
16 for He will not forsake him all his days; For I know that his ways will be prospered in
all things
17 wherever he goes, until he return in peace to us, and we see him in peace. Fear not on
his account, my sister, for he is on the upright path and he is a perfect man: and he is faithful and
will not perish.
18,19 Weep not.' And Isaac comforted Rebecca on account of her son Jacob, and blessed
him. And Jacob went from the Well of the Oath to go to Haran on the first year of the second
week in the forty-fourth jubilee, and he came to Luz on the mountains, that is, Bethel, on the new
moon of the first month of this week, [2115 A.M.] and he came to the place at even and turned
from the way to the west of the
20 road that night: and he slept there; for the sun had set. And he took one of the stones
of that
21 place and laid
22 And he spake to Jacob and said: 'I am the Lord God of Abraham, thy father, and the
God of
23 Isaac; the land whereon thou art sleeping, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed after
thee. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt increase to the west and to the
east, to the
24 north and the south, and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the nations be
blessed. And behold, I will be with thee, and will keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and I will
bring thee again into this land in peace; for I will not leave thee until I do everything that I told
thee of.'
25 And Jacob awoke from his sleep, and said, 'Truly this place is the house of the Lord,
and I knew it not.' And he was afraid and said: 'Dreadful is this place which is none other than
the house of
26 God, and this is the gate of heaven.' And Jacob arose early in the morning, and took
the stone which he had put under his head and set it up as a pillar for a sign, and he poured oil
upon the top of it. And he called the name of that place Bethel; but the name of the place was
Luz at the first.
27 And Jacob vowed a vow unto the Lord, saying: 'If the Lord will be with me, and will
keep me in this way that I go, and give me bread to eat and raiment to put on, so that I come
again to my father's house in peace, then shall the Lord be my God, and this stone which I have
set up as a pillar for a sign in this place, shall be the Lord's house, and of all that thou givest me, I
shall give the tenth to thee, my God.'
1 And he went on his journey, and came to the land of the east, to Laban, the brother of
Rebecca,
2 and he was with him, and served him for Rachel his daughter one week. And in the first
year of the third week [2122 A.M.] he said unto him: 'Give me my wife, for whom I have served
thee seven years '; and
3 Laban said unto Jacob: 'I will give thee thy wife.' And Laban made a feast, and took
Leah his elder daughter, and gave (her) to Jacob as a wife, and gave her Zilpah his handmaid for
an hand-
4 maid; and Jacob did not know, for he thought that she was Rachel. And he went in unto
her, and behold, she was Leah; and Jacob was angry with Laban, and said unto him: 'Why hast
thou dealt thus with me? Did not I serve thee for Rachel and not for Leah? Why hast thou
wronged me?
5 Take thy daughter, and I will go; for thou hast done evil to me.' For Jacob loved Rachel
more than Leah; for Leah's eyes were weak, but her form was very handsome; but Rachel had
beautiful
6 eyes and a beautiful and very handsome form. And Laban said to Jacob: 'It is not so
done in our country, to give the younger before the elder.' And it is not right to do this; for thus it
is ordained and written in the heavenly tablets, that no one should give his younger daughter
before the elder; but the elder, one gives first and after her the younger -and the man who does so,
they set down guilt against him in heaven, and none is righteous that does this thing, for this deed
is evil before the
7 Lord. And command thou the children of Israel that they do not this thing; let them
neither take
8 nor give the younger before they have given the elder, for it is very wicked. And Laban
said to Jacob: 'Let the seven days of the feast of this one pass by, and I shall give thee Rachel,
that thou mayst serve me another seven years, that thou mayst pasture my sheep as thou didst in
the former week.' And on the day when the seven days of the feast of Leah had passed, Laban
gave Rachel to Jacob, that he might serve him another seven years, and he gave to Rachel Bilhah,
the sister of
10 Zilpah, as a handmaid. And he served yet other seven years for Rachel, for Leah had
been given
11 to him for nothing. And the Lord opened the womb of Leah, and she conceived and
bare Jacob a son, and he called his name Reuben, on the fourteenth day of the ninth month, in the
first year of
12 the third week. [2122 A.M.] But the womb of Rachel was closed, for the Lord saw
that Leah was hated and
13 Rachel loved. And again Jacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare Jacob
a second son, and he called his name Simeon, on the twenty-first of the tenth month, and in the
third year of this
14 week. [2124 A.M.] And again Jacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare
him a third son, and he
15 called his name Levi, in the new moon of the first month in the sixth year of this week.
[2127 A.M.] And again Jacob went in unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a fourth son,
and he called his name Judah,
16 on the fifteenth of the third month, in the first year of the fourth week. [2129 A.M.]
And on account of all this Rachel envied Leah, for she did not bear, and she said to Jacob: 'Give
me children'; and Jacob
17 said: 'Have I withheld from thee the fruits of thy womb? Have I forsaken thee?' And
when Rachel saw that Leah had borne four sons to Jacob, Reuben and Simeon and Levi and
Judah, she said unto
18 him: 'Go in unto Bilhah my handmaid, and she will conceive, and bear a son unto me.'
(And she gave (him) Bilhah her handmaid to wife). And he went in unto her, and she conceived,
and bare him a son, and he called his name Dan, on the ninth of the sixth month, in the sixth year
of the
19 third week. [2127 A.M.] And Jacob went in again unto Bilhah a second time, and she
conceived, and bare Jacob another son, and Rachel called his name Napthali, on the fifth of the
seventh month, in the
20 second year of the fourth week. [2130 A.M.] And when Leah saw that she had
become sterile and did not bear, she envied Rachel, and she also gave her handmaid Zilpah to
Jacob to wife, and she conceived, and bare a son, and Leah called his name Gad, on the twelfth of
the eighth month, in the third year of
21 the fourth week. [2131 A.M.] And he went in again unto her, and she conceived, and
bare him a second son, and Leah called his name Asher, on the second of the eleventh month, in
the fifth year of the fourth
22 week. [2133 A.M.] And Jacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare a son,
and she called his name Issachar, on the fourth of the fifth month, in the fourth year of the fourth
week,[2132 A.M.] and she gave him
23 to a nurse. And Jacob went in again unto her, and she conceived, and bare two
(children), a son and a daughter, and she called the name of the son Zabulon, and the name of the
daughter Dinah,
24 in the seventh of the seventh month, in the sixth year of the fourth week. [2134 A.M.]
And the Lord was gracious to Rachel, and opened her womb, and she conceived, and bare a son,
and she called his
25 name Joseph, on the new moon of the fourth month, in the sixth year in this fourth
week. [2134 A.M.] And in the days when Joseph was born, Jacob said to Laban: 'Give me my
wives and sons, and let me go to my father Isaac, and let me make me an house; for I have
completed the years in which I
26 have served thee for thy two daughters, and I will go to the house of my father.' And
Laban said to Jacob: 'Tarry with me for thy wages, and pasture my flock for me again, and take
thy wages.'
27 And they agreed with one another that he should give him as his wages those of the
lambs and kids
28 which were born black and spotted and white, (these) were to be his wages. And all
the sheep brought forth spotted and speckled and black, variously marked, and they brought forth
again lambs like themselves, and all that were spotted were Jacob's and those which were not
were
29 Laban's. And Jacob's possessions multiplied exceedingly, and he possessed oxen and
sheep and
30 asses and camels, and menservants and maid-servants. And Laban and his sons envied
Jacob, and Laban took back his sheep from him, and he observed him with evil intent.
1 And it came to pass when Rachel had borne Joseph, that Laban went to shear his sheep;
for they
2 were distant from him a three days' journey. And Jacob saw that Laban was going to
shear his sheep, and Jacob called Leah and Rachel, and spake kindly unto them that they should
come with
3 him to the land of Canaan. For he told them how he had seen everything in a dream,
even all that He had spoken unto him that he should return to his father's house, and they said:
'To every place
4 whither thou goest we will go with thee.' And Jacob blessed the God of Isaac his father,
and the God of Abraham his father's father, and he arose and mounted his wives and his children,
and took all his possessions and crossed the river, and came to the land of Gilead, and Jacob hid
his intention
5 from Laban and told him not. And in the seventh year of the fourth week Jacob turned
(his face) toward Gilead in the first month, on the twenty-first thereof. [2135 A.M.] And Laban
pursued after him and
6 overtook Jacob in the mountain of Gilead in the third month, on the thirteenth thereof.
And the Lord did not suffer him to injure Jacob; for he appeared to him in a dream by night. And
Laban
7 spake to Jacob. And on the fifteenth of those days Jacob made a feast for Laban, and
for all who came with him, and Jacob sware to Laban that day, and Laban also to Jacob, that
neither should
8 cross the mountain of Gilead to the other with evil purpose. And he made there a heap
for
9 a witness; wherefore the name of that place is called: 'The Heap of Witness,' after this
heap. But before they used to call the land of Gilead the land of the Rephaim; for it was the land
of the Rephaim, and the Rephaim were born (there), giants whose height was ten, nine, eight
down to
10 seven cubits. And their habitation was from the land of the children of Ammon to
Mount Hermon,
11 and the seats of their kingdom were Karnaim and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, and Misur, and
Beon. And the Lord destroyed them because of the evil of their deeds; for they were very
malignant, and the Amorites dwelt in their stead, wicked and sinful, and there is no people to-day
which has wrought
12 to the full all their sins, and they have no longer length of life on the earth. And Jacob
sent away Laban, and he departed into Mesopotamia, the land of the East, and Jacob returned to
the land of
13 Gilead. And he passed over the Jabbok in the ninth month, on the eleventh thereof.
And on that day Esau, his brother, came to him, and he was reconciled to him, and departed from
him unto
14 the land of Seir, but Jacob dwelt in tents. And in the first year of the fifth week in this
jubilee [2136 A.M.] he crossed the Jordan, and dwelt beyond the Jordan, and he pastured his
sheep from the sea of the
15 heap unto Bethshan, and unto Dothan and unto the forest of Akrabbim. And he sent to
his father Isaac of all his substance, clothing, and food, and meat, and drink, and milk, and butter,
and
16 cheese, and some dates of the valley. And to his mother Rebecca also four times a
year, between the times of the months, between ploughing and reaping, and between autumn and
the rain (season)
17 and between winter and spring, to the tower of Abraham. For Isaac had returned from
the Well of the Oath and gone up to the tower of his father Abraham, and he dwelt there apart
from his son
18 Esau. For in the days when Jacob went to Mesopotamia, Esau took to himself a wife
Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, and he gathered together all the flocks of his father and his
wives, and went
19 Up and dwelt on Mount Seir, and left Isaac his father at the Well of the Oath alone.
And Isaac went up from the Well of the Oath and dwelt in the tower of Abraham his father on the
mountains
20 of Hebron, And thither Jacob sent all that he did send to his father and his mother from
time to time, all they needed, and they blessed Jacob with all their heart and with all their
soul.
1 And in the first year of the sixth week [2143 A.M.] he went up to Salem, to the east of
Shechem, in peace, in
2 the fourth month. And there they carried off Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, into the
house of Shechem, the son of Hamor, the Hivite, the prince of the land, and he lay with her and
defiled her,
3 and she was a little girl, a child of twelve years. And he besought his father and her
brothers that she might be given to him to wife. And Jacob and his sons were wroth because of
the men of Shechem; for they had defiled Dinah, their sister, and they spake to them with evil
intent and dealt
4 deceitfully with them and beguiled them. And Simeon and Levi came unexpectedly to
Shechem and executed judgment on all the men of Shechem, and slew all the men whom they
found in it, and left not a single one remaining in it: they slew all in torments because they had
dishonoured
5 their sister Dinah. And thus let it not again be done from henceforth that a daughter of
Israel be defiled; for judgment is ordained in heaven against them that they should destroy with
the sword
6 all the men of the Shechemites because they had wrought shame in Israel. And the Lord
delivered them into the hands of the sons of Jacob that they might exterminate them with the
sword and execute judgment upon them, and that it might not thus again be done in Israel that a
virgin of
7 Israel should be defiled. And if there is any man who wishes in Israel to give his
daughter or his sister to any man who is of the seed of the Gentiles he shall surely die, and they
shall stone him with stones; for he hath wrought shame in Israel; and they shall burn the woman
with fire, because
8 she has dishonoured the name of the house of her father, and she shall be rooted out of
Israel. And let not an adulteress and no uncleanness be found in Israel throughout all the days of
the generations of the earth; for Israel is holy unto the Lord, and every man who has defiled (it)
shall surely die:
9 they shall stone him with stones. For thus has it been ordained and written in the
heavenly tablets regarding all the seed of Israel: he who defileth (it) shall surely die, and he shall
be stoned with
10 stones. And to this law there is no limit of days, and no remission, nor any atonement:
but the man who has defiled his daughter shall be rooted out in the midst of all Israel, because he
has given
11 of his seed to Moloch, and wrought impiously so as to defile it. And do thou, Moses,
command the children of Israel and exhort them not to give their daughters to the Gentiles, and
not to take for
12 their sons any of the daughters of the Gentiles, for this is abominable before the Lord.
For this reason I have written for thee in the words of the Law all the deeds of the Shechemites,
which they wrought against Dinah, and how the sons of Jacob spake, saying: 'We will not give
our daughter
13 to a man who is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us.' And it is a reproach
to Israel, to those who live, and to those that take the daughters of the Gentiles; for this is unclean
and
14 abominable to Israel. And Israel will not be free from this uncleanness if it has a wife
of the daughters of the Gentiles, or has given any of its daughters to a man who is of any of the
Gentiles.
15 For there will be plague upon plague, and curse upon curse, and every judgment and
plague and curse will come
16 whole nation together be judged for all the uncleanness and profanation of this man.
And there will be no respect of persons [and no consideration of persons] and no receiving at his
hands of fruits and offerings and burnt-offerings and fat, nor the fragrance of sweet savour, so as
to accept it: and
17 so fare every man or woman in Israel who defiles the sanctuary. For this reason I have
commanded thee, saying: 'Testify this testimony to Israel: see how the Shechemites fared and
their sons: how they were delivered into the hands of two sons of Jacob, and they slew them
under tortures, and it
18 was (reckoned) unto them for righteousness, and it is written down to them for
righteousness. And the seed of Levi was chosen for the priesthood, and to be Levites, that they
might minister before the Lord, as we, continually, and that Levi and his sons may be blessed for
ever; for he was zealous
19 to execute righteousness and judgment and vengeance on all those who arose against
Israel. And so they inscribe as a testimony in his favour on the heavenly tablets blessing and
righteousness before
20 the God of all: And we remember the righteousness which the man fulfilled during his
life, at all periods of the year; until a thousand generations they will record it, and it will come to
him and to his descendants after him, and he has been recorded on the heavenly tablets as a friend
and a righteous
21 man. All this account I have written for thee, and have commanded thee to say to the
children of Israel, that they should not commit sin nor transgress the ordinances nor break the
covenant which
22 has been ordained for them, (but) that they should fulfil it and be recorded as friends.
But if they transgress and work uncleanness in every way, they will be recorded on the heavenly
tablets as adversaries, and they will be destroyed out of the book of life, and they will be recorded
in the book of
23 those who will be destroyed and with those who will be rooted out of the earth. And
on the day when the sons of Jacob slew Shechem a writing was recorded in their favour in heaven
that they had executed righteousness and uprightness and vengeance on the sinners, and it was
written for a blessing.
24 And they brought Dinah, their sister, out of the house of Shechem, and they took
captive everything that was in Shechem, their sheep and their oxen and their asses, and all their
wealth, and all their
25 flocks, and brought them all to Jacob their father. And he reproached them because
they had put the city to the sword for he feared those who dwelt in the land, the Canaanites and
the Perizzites.
26 And the dread of the Lord was upon all the cities which are around about Shechem,
and they did not rise to pursue after the sons of Jacob; for terror had fallen upon them.
1 And on the new moon of the month Jacob spake to all the people of his house. saying:
'Purify yourselves and change your garments, and let us arise and go up to Bethel, where I vowed
a vow to Him on the day when I fled from the face of Esau my brother, because he has been with
me and
2 brought me into this land in peace, and put ye away the strange gods that arc among
you.' And they gave up the strange gods and that which was in their ears and which was on their
necks and the idols which Rachel stole from Laban her father she gave wholly to Jacob. And he
burnt and brake them to pieces and destroyed them, and hid them under an oak which is in the
land of
3 Shechem. And he went up on the new moon of the seventh month to Bethel. And he
built an altar at the place where he had slept, and he set up a pillar there, and he sent word to his
father
4 Isaac to come to him to his sacrifice, and to his mother Rebecca. And Isaac said: 'Let
my son
5 Jacob come, and let me see him before I die.' And Jacob went to his father Isaac and to
his mother Rebecca, to the house of his father Abraham, and he took two of his sons with him,
Levi and Judah, and he came to his father Isaac and to his mother Rebecca.
6 And Rebecca came forth from the tower to the front of it to kiss Jacob and embrace
him; for her spirit had revived when she heard: 'Behold Jacob thy son has come'; and she
kissed
7 him. And she saw his two sons, and she recognised them, and said unto him: 'Are these
thy sons, my son?' and she embraced them and kissed them, and blessed them, saying: 'In you
shall the
8 seed of Abraham become illustrious, and ye shall prove a blessing on the earth.' And
Jacob went in to Isaac his father, to the chamber where he lay, and his two sons were with him,
and he took the hand of his father, and stooping down he kissed him, and Isaac clung to the neck
of Jacob his son,
9 and wept upon his neck. And the darkness left the eyes of Isaac, and he saw the two
sons of Jacob,
10 Levi, and Judah, and he said: 'Are these thy sons, my son? for they are like thee.' And
he said unto him that they were truly his sons: 'And thou hast truly seen that they are truly my
sons'.
11 And they came near to him, and he turned and kissed them and embraced them both
together.
12 And the spirit of prophecy came down into his mouth, and he took Levi by his right
hand and
13 Judah by his left. And he turned to Levi first, and began to bless him first, and said
unto him:
May the God of all, the very Lord of all the ages, bless thee and thy children throughout
all the
14 ages. And may the Lord give to thee and to thy seed greatness and great glory, and
cause thee and thy seed, from among all flesh, to approach Him to serve in His sanctuary as the
angels of the presence and as the holy ones. (Even) as they, shall the seed of thy sons be for glory
and greatness
15 and holiness, and may He make them great unto all the ages. And they shall be judges
and princes, and chiefs of all the seed of the sons of Jacob;
They shall speak the word of the Lord in righteousness,
And they shall judge all His judgments in righteousness.
And they shall declare My ways to Jacob
And My paths to Israel.
The blessing of the Lord shall be given in their mouths
To bless all the seed of the beloved.
16 Thy mother has called thy name Levi,
And justly has she called thy name;
Thou shalt be joined to the Lord
And be the companion of all the sons of Jacob;
Let His table be thine,
And do thou and thy sons eat thereof;
And may thy table be full unto all generations,
And thy food fail not unto all the ages.
17 And let all who hate thee fall down before thee,
And let all thy adversaries be rooted out and perish;
And blessed be he that blesses thee,
And cursed be every nation that curses thee.'
18 And to Judah he said:
'May the Lord give thee strength and power
To tread down all that hate thee;
A prince shalt thou be, thou and one of thy sons, over the sons of Jacob;
May thy name and the name of thy sons go forth and traverse every land and region.
Then shall the Gentiles fear before thy face,
And all the nations shall quake
[And all the peoples shall quake].
In thee shall be the help of Jacob,
And in thee be found the salvation of Israel.
20 And when thou sittest on the throne of honour of thy righteousness
There shall be great peace for all the seed of the sons of the beloved;
Blessed be he that blesseth thee,
And all that hate thee and afflict thee and curse thee
Shall be rooted out and destroyed from the earth and be accursed.'
21 And turning he kissed him again and embraced him, and rejoiced greatly; for he had
seen the
22 sons of Jacob his son in very truth. And he went forth from between his feet and fell
down and bowed down to him, and he blessed them and rested there with Isaac his father that
night, and they
23 eat and drank with joy. And he made the two sons of Jacob sleep, the one on his right
hand and the
24 other on his left, and it was counted to him for righteousness. And Jacob told his
father everything during the night, how the Lord had shown him great mercy, and how he had
prospered (him in) all
25 his ways, and protected him from all evil. And Isaac blessed the God of his father
Abraham, who
26 had not withdrawn his mercy and his righteousness from the sons of his servant Isaac.
And in the morning Jacob told his father Isaac the vow which he had vowed to the Lord, and the
vision which he had seen, and that he had built an altar, and that everything was ready for the
sacrifice to be
27 made before the Lord as he had vowed, and that he had come to set him on an ass.
And Isaac said unto Jacob his son: 'I am not able to go with thee; for I am old and not able to
bear the way: go, my son, in peace; for I am one hundred and sixty-five years this day; I am no
longer able to
28 journey; set thy mother (on an ass) and let her go with thee. And I know, my son, that
thou hast come on my account, and may this day be blessed on which thou hast seen me alive, and
I also have
29 seen thee, my son. Mayest thou prosper and fulfil the vow which thou hast vowed; and
put not off thy vow; for thou shalt be called to account as touching the vow; now therefore make
haste to perform it, and may He be pleased who has made all things, to whom thou hast vowed
the vow.'
30 And he said to Rebecca: 'Go with Jacob thy son'; and Rebecca went with Jacob her
son, and
31 Deborah with her, and they came to Bethel. And Jacob remembered the prayer with
which his father had blessed him and his two sons, Levi and Judah, and he rejoiced and blessed the
God of his
32 fathers, Abraham and Isaac. And he said: 'Now I know that I have an eternal hope,
and my sons also, before the God of all'; and thus is it ordained concerning the two; and they
record it as an eternal testimony unto them on the heavenly tablets how Isaac blessed them.
1 And he abode that night at Bethel, and Levi dreamed that they had ordained and made
him the priest of the Most High God, him and his sons for ever; and he awoke from his sleep and
blessed
2 the Lord. And Jacob rose early in the morning, on the fourteenth of this month, and he
gave a tithe of all that came with him, both of men and cattle, both of gold and every vessel and
garment,
3 yea, he gave tithes of all. And in those days Rachel became pregnant with her son
Benjamin. And Jacob counted his sons from him upwards and Levi fell to the portion of the Lord,
and his
4 father clothed him in the garments of the priesthood and filled his hands. And on the
fifteenth of this month, he brought to the altar fourteen oxen from amongst the cattle, and
twenty-eight rams, and forty-nine sheep, and seven lambs, and twenty-one kids of the goats as a
burnt-offering on the
5 altar of sacrifice, well pleasing for a sweet savour before God. This was his offering, in
consequence of the vow which he had vowed that he would give a tenth, with their fruit-offerings
and their drink-
6 offerings. And when the fire had consumed it, he burnt incense on the fire over the fire,
and for a thank-offering two oxen and four rams and four sheep, four he-goats, and two sheep of
a year old,
7 and two kids of the goats; and thus he did daily for seven days. And he and all his sons
and his men were eating (this) with joy there during seven days and blessing and thanking the
Lord, who
8 had delivered him out of all his tribulation and had given him his vow. And he tithed all
the clean animals, and made a burnt sacrifice, but the unclean animals he gave (not) to Levi his
son, and he
9 gave him all the souls of the men And Levi discharged the priestly office at Bethel before
Jacob his father in preference to his ten brothers, and he was a priest there, and Jacob gave his
vow: thus
10 he tithed again the tithe to the Lord and sanctified it, and it became holy unto Him.
And for this reason it is ordained on the heavenly tablets as a law for the tithing again the tithe to
eat before the Lord from year to year, in the place where it is chosen that His name should dwell,
and to this law
11 there is no limit of days for ever. This ordinance is written that it may be fulfilled from
year to year in eating the second tithe before the Lord in the place where it has been chosen, and
nothing
12 shall remain over from it from this year to the year following. For in its year shall the
seed be eaten till the days of the gathering of the seed of the year, and the wine till the days of the
wine,
13 and the oil till the days of its season. And all that is left thereof and becomes old, let it
be regarded
14 as polluted: let it be burnt with fire, for it is unclean. And thus let them eat it together
in the
15 sanctuary, and let them not suffer it to become old. And all the tithes of the oxen and
sheep shall be holy unto the Lord, and shall belong to his priests, which they will eat before Him
from year to
16 year; for thus is it ordained and engraven regarding the tithe on the heavenly tablets.
And on the following night, on the twenty-second day of this month, Jacob resolved to build that
place, and to surround the court with a wall, and to sanctify it and make it holy for ever, for
himself and his children
17 after him. And the Lord appeared to him by night and blessed him and said unto him:
'Thy name
18 shall not be called Jacob, but Israel shall they name thy name.' And He said unto him
again: 'I am the Lord who created the heaven and the earth, and I will increase thee and multiply
thee exceedingly, and kings shall come forth from thee, and they shall judge everywhere wherever
the foot
19 of the sons of men has trodden. And I will give to thy seed all the earth which is under
heaven, and they shall judge all the nations according to their desires, and after that they shall get
possession
20 of the whole earth and inherit it for ever.' And He finished speaking with him, and He
went up
21 from him. and Jacob looked till He had ascended into heaven. And he saw in a vision
of the night, and behold an angel descended from heaven with seven tablets in his hands, and he
gave them to Jacob, and he read them and knew all that was written therein which would befall
him and his sons
21 throughout all the ages. And he showed him all that was written on the tablets, and
said unto him: 'Do not build this place, and do not make it an eternal sanctuary, and do not dwell
here; for this is not the place. Go to the house of Abraham thy father and dwell with Isaac thy
father until the day
23 of the death of thy father. For in Egypt thou shalt die in peace, and in this land thou
shalt be buried
24 with honour in the sepulchre of thy fathers, with Abraham and Isaac. Fear not, for as
thou hast seen and read it, thus shall it all be; and do thou write down everything as thou hast seen
and read.'
25 And Jacob said: 'Lord, how can I remember all that I have read and seen? 'And he said
unto
26 him: 'I will bring all things to thy remembrance.' And he went up from him, and he
awoke from his sleep, and he remembered everything which he had read and seen, and he wrote
down all the
27 words which he had read and seen. And he celebrated there yet another day, and he
sacrificed thereon according to all that he sacrificed on the former days, and called its name
'Addition,' for
28 this day was added and the former days he called 'The Feast '. And thus it was
manifested that it should be, and it is written on the heavenly tablets: wherefore it was revealed to
him that he should
29 celebrate it, and add it to the seven days of the feast. And its name was called
'Addition,' because that it was recorded amongst the days of the feast days, according to the
number of
30 the days of the year. And in the night, on the twenty-third of this month, Deborah
Rebecca's nurse died, and they buried her beneath the city under the oak of the river, and he called
the name of this
31 place, 'The river of Deborah,' and the oak, 'The oak of the mourning of Deborah.' And
Rebecca went and returned to her house to his father Isaac, and Jacob sent by her hand rams and
sheep and
32 he-goats that she should prepare a meal for his father such as he desired. And he went
after his
33 mother till he came to the land of Kabratan, and he dwelt there. And Rachel bare a son
in the night, and called his name 'Son of my sorrow '; for she suffered in giving him birth: but his
father called his name Benjamin, on the eleventh of the eighth month in the first of the sixth week
of this
34 jubilee. [2143 A.M.] And Rachel died there and she was buried in the land of Ephrath,
the same is Bethlehem, and Jacob built a pillar on the grave of Rachel, on the road above her
grave.
1 And Jacob went and dwelt to the south of Magdaladra'ef. And he went to his father
Isaac, he
2 and Leah his wife, on the new moon of the tenth month. And Reuben saw Bilhah,
Rachel's maid,
3 the concubine of his father, bathing in water in a secret place, and he loved her. And he
hid himself at night, and he entered the house of Bilhah [at night], and he found her sleeping alone
on a bed in
4 her house. And he lay with her, and she awoke and saw, and behold Reuben was lying
with her in the bed, and she uncovered the border of her covering and seized him, and cried out,
and discovered
5 that it was Reuben. And she was ashamed because of him, and released her hand from
him, and he
6,7 fled. And she lamented because of this thing exceedingly, and did not tell it to any
one. And when Jacob returned and sought her, she said unto him: 'I am not clean for thee, for I
have been defiled as regards thee; for Reuben has defiled me, and has lain with me in the night,
and I was
8 asleep, and did not discover until he uncovered my skirt and slept with me.' And Jacob
was exceedingly wroth with Reuben because he had lain with Bilhah, because he had uncovered
his
9 father's skirt. And Jacob did not approach her again because Reuben had defiled her.
And as for any man who uncovers his father's skirt his deed is wicked exceedingly, for he is
abominable before
10 the Lord. For this reason it is written and ordained on the heavenly tablets that a man
should not lie with his father's wife, and should not uncover his father's skirt, for this is unclean:
they shall surely die together, the man who lies with his father's wife and the woman also, for they
have
11 wrought uncleanness on the earth. And there shall be nothing unclean before our God
in the nation
12 which He has chosen for Himself as a possession. And again, it is written a second
time: 'Cursed be he who lieth with the wife of his father, for he hath uncovered his father's
shame'; and all the
13 holy ones of the Lord said 'So be it; so be it.' And do thou, Moses, command the
children of Israel that they observe this word; for it (entails) a punishment of death; and it is
unclean, and there is no atonement for ever to atone for the man who has committed this, but he
is to be put to death and slain, and stoned with stones, and rooted out from the midst of the
people of our God.
14 For to no man who does so in Israel is it permitted to remain alive a single day on the
earth, for he
15 is abominable and unclean. And let them not say: to Reuben was granted life and
forgiveness after he had lain with his father's concubine, and to her also though she had a husband,
and her husband
16 Jacob, his father, was still alive. For until that time there had not been revealed the
ordinance and judgment and law in its completeness for all, but in thy days (it has been revealed)
as a law of
17 seasons and of days, and an everlasting law for the everlasting generations. And for
this law there is no consummation of days, and no atonement for it, but they must both be rooted
out in the midst
18 of the nation: on the day whereon they committed it they shall slay them. And do
thou, Moses, write (it) down for Israel that they may observe it, and do according to these words,
and not commit a sin unto death; for the Lord our God is judge, who respects not persons and
accepts not gifts. And tell them these words of the covenant, that they may hear and observe, and
be on their guard with respect to them, and not be destroyed and rooted out of the land; for an
uncleanness, and an abomination, and a contamination, and a pollution are all they who commit it
on the earth before
20 our God. And there is no greater sin than the fornication which they commit on earth;
for Israel is a holy nation unto the Lord its God, and a nation of inheritance, and a priestly and
royal nation and for (His own) possession; and there shall no such uncleanness appear in the midst
of the holy
21 nation. And in the third year of this sixth week [2145 A.M.] Jacob and all his sons
went and dwelt in the house
22 of Abraham, near Isaac his father and Rebecca his mother. And these were the names
of the sons of Jacob: the first-born Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulon, the sons of
Leah; and the sons of Rachel, Joseph and Benjamin; and the sons of Bilhah, Dan and Naphtali;
and the sons of Zilpah, Gad and Asher; and Dinah, the daughter of Leah, the only daughter of
Jacob. And they
23 came and bowed themselves to Isaac and Rebecca, and when they saw them they
blessed Jacob and all his sons, and Isaac rejoiced exceedingly, for he saw the sons of Jacob, his
younger son and he blessed them.
1 And in the sixth year of this week of this forty-fourth jubilee [2148 A.M.] Jacob sent his
sons to pasture their
2 sheep, and his servants with them to the pastures of Shechem. And the seven kings of
the Amorites assembled themselves together against them, to slay them, hiding themselves under
the trees, and
3 to take their cattle as a prey. And Jacob and Levi and Judah and Joseph were in the
house with Isaac their father; for his spirit was sorrowful, and they could not leave him: and
Benjamin was
4 the youngest, and for this reason remained with his father. And there came the king[s]
of Taphu and the king[s] of 'Aresa, and the king[s] of Seragan, and the king[s] of Selo, and the
king[s] of Ga'as, and the king of Bethoron, and the king of Ma'anisakir, and all those who dwell in
these
5 mountains (and) who dwell in the woods in the land of Canaan. And they announced
this to Jacob saying: 'Behold, the kings of the Amorites have surrounded thy sons, and plundered
their herds.'
6 And he arose from his house, he and his three sons and all the servants of his father, and
his own
7 servants, and he went against them with six thousand men, who carried swords. And he
slew them in the pastures of Shechem, and pursued those who fled, and he slew them with the
edge of the sword, and he slew 'Aresa and Taphu and Saregan and Selo and 'Amani-
8 sakir and Ga[ga]'as, and he recovered his herds. And he prevailed over them, and
imposed tribute on them that they should pay him tribute, five fruit products of their land, and he
built Robel
9 and Tamnatares. And he returned in peace, and made peace with them, and they became
his
10 servants, until the day that he and his sons went down into Egypt. And in the seventh
year of this week [2149 A.M.] he sent Joseph to learn about the welfare of his brothers from his
house to the land of Shechem,
11 and he found them in the land of Dothan. And they dealt treacherously with him, and
formed a plot against him to slay him, but changing their minds, they sold him to Ishmaelite
merchants, and they brought him down into Egypt, and they sold him to Potiphar, the eunuch of
Pharaoh, the
12 chief of the cooks, priest of the city of 'Elew. And the sons of Jacob slaughtered a kid,
and dipped the coat of Joseph in the blood, and sent (it) to Jacob their father on the tenth of the
seventh month.
13 And he mourned all that night, for they had brought it to him in the evening, and he
became feverish with mourning for his death, and he said: 'An evil beast hath devoured Joseph';
and all the members of his house [mourned with him that day, and they] were grieving and
mourning with
14 him all that day. And his sons and his daughter rose up to comfort him, but he refused
to be
15 comforted for his son. And on that day Bilhah heard that Joseph had perished, and she
died mourning him, and she was living in Qafratef, and Dinah also, his daughter, died after Joseph
had
16 perished. And there came these three mournings upon Israel in one month. And they
buried
17 Bilhah over against the tomb of Rachel, and Dinah also. his daughter, they buried
there. And he mourned for Joseph one year, and did not cease, for he said 'Let me go down to
the grave mourning
18 for my son'. For this reason it is ordained for the children of Israel that they should
afflict themselves on the tenth of the seventh month -on the day that the news which made him
weep for Joseph came to Jacob his father- that they should make atonement for themselves
thereon with a young goat on the tenth of the seventh month, once a year, for their sins; for they
had grieved the
19 affection of their father regarding Joseph his son. And this day has been ordained that
they should grieve thereon for their sins, and for all their transgressions and for all their errors, so
that they
20 might cleanse themselves on that day once a year. And after Joseph perished, the sons
of Jacob took unto themselves wives. The name of Reuben's wife is 'Ada; and the name of
Simeon's wife is 'Adlba'a, a Canaanite; and the name of Levi's wife is Melka, of the daughters of
Aram, of the seed of the sons of Terah; and the name of Judah's wife, Betasu'el, a Canaanite; and
the name of Issachar's wife, Hezaqa: and the name of Zabulon's wife, Ni'iman; and the name of
Dan's wife, 'Egla; and the name of Naphtali's wife, Rasu'u, of Mesopotamia; and the name of
Gad's wife, Maka; and the name of Asher's wife, 'Ijona; and the name of Joseph's wife, Asenath,
the Egyptian; and the name
21 of Benjamin's wife, 'Ijasaka. And Simeon repented, and took a second wife from
Mesopotamia as his brothers.
1 And in the first year of the first week of the forty-fifth jubilee [2157 A.M.] Rebecca
called Jacob, her son, and commanded him regarding his father and regarding his brother, that he
should honour them all the
2 days of his life. And Jacob said: 'I will do everything as thou hast commanded me; for
this thing will be honour and greatness to me, and righteousness before the Lord, that I should
honour them.
3 And thou too, mother, knowest from the time I was born until this day, all my deeds and
all that is in
4 my heart, that I always think good concerning all. And how should I not do this thing
which thou
5 hast commanded me, that I should honour my father and my brother! Tell me, mother,
what
6 perversity hast thou seen in me and I shall turn away from it, and mercy will be upon
me.' And she said unto him: 'My son, I have not seen in thee all my days any perverse but (only)
upright deeds. And yet I will tell thee the truth, my son: I shall die this year, and I shall not
survive this year in my life; for I have seen in a dream the day of my death, that I should not live
beyond a hundred and fifty-five years: and behold I have completed all the days of my life which I
am to
7 live.' And Jacob laughed at the words of his mother. because his mother had said unto
him that she should die; and she was sitting opposite to him in possession of her strength, and she
was not infirm in her strength; for she went in and out and saw, and her teeth were strong, and no
ailment
8 had touched her all the days of her life. And Jacob said unto her: 'Blessed am I, mother,
if my days approach the days of thy life, and my strength remain with me thus as thy strength: and
thou
9 wilt not die, for thou art jesting idly with me regarding thy death.' And she went in to
Isaac and said unto him: 'One petition I make unto thee: make Esau swear that he will not injure
Jacob, nor pursue him with enmity; for thou knowest Esau's thoughts that they are perverse from
his youth,
10 and there is no goodness in him; for he desires after thy death to kill him. And thou
knowest all that he has done since the day Jacob his brother went to Haran until this day: how he
has forsaken us with his whole heart, and has done evil to us; thy flocks he has taken to himself,
and carried off
11 all thy possessions from before thy face. And when we implored and besought him for
what was
12 our own, he did as a man who was taking pity on us. And he is bitter against thee
because thou didst bless Jacob thy perfect and upright son; for there is no evil but only goodness
in him, and since he came from Haran unto this day he has not robbed us of aught, for he brings
us everything in its season always, and rejoices with all his heart when we take at his hands and he
blesses us, and has not parted from us since he came from Haran until this day, and he remains
with us continually
13 at home honouring us.' And Isaac said unto her: 'I, too, know and see the deeds of
Jacob who is with us, how that with all his heart he honours us; but I loved Esau formerly more
than Jacob, because he was the firstborn; but now I love Jacob more than Esau, for he has done
manifold evil deeds, and there is no righteousness in him, for all his ways are unrighteousness and
violence, [and
14 there is no righteousness around him.] And now my heart is troubled because of all his
deeds, and neither he nor his seed is to be saved, for they are those who will be destroyed from
the earth and who will be rooted out from under heaven, for he has forsaken the God of Abraham
and gone
15 after his wives and after their uncleanness and after their error, he and his children.
And thou dost bid me make him swear that he will not slay Jacob his brother; even if he swear he
will not abide
16 by his oath, and he will not do good but evil only. But if he desires to slay Jacob, his
brother, into Jacob's hands will he be given, and he will not escape from his hands, [for he will
descend into his
17 hands.] And fear thou not on account of Jacob; for the guardian of Jacob is great and
powerful
18 and honoured, and praised more than the guardian of Esau.' And Rebecca sent and
called Esau and he came to her, and she said unto him: 'I have a petition, my son, to make unto
thee, and do
19 thou promise to do it, my son.' And he said: 'I will do everything that thou sayest unto
me, and
20 I will not refuse thy petition.' And she said unto him: 'I ask you that the day I die, thou
wilt take me in and bury me near Sarah, thy father's mother, and that thou and Jacob will love
each other and that neither will desire evil against the other, but mutual love only, and (so) ye will
prosper, my sons, and be honoured in the midst of the land, and no enemy will rejoice over you,
and ye will be
21 a blessing and a mercy in the eyes of all those that love you.' And he said: 'I will do all
that thou hast told me, and I shall bury thee on the day thou diest near Sarah, my father's mother,
as
22 thou hast desired that her bones may be near thy bones. And Jacob, my brother, also, I
shall love above all flesh; for I have not a brother in all the earth but him only: and this is no great
merit for me if I love him; for he is my brother, and we were sown together in thy body, and
together came
23 we forth from thy womb, and if I do not love my brother, whom shall I love? And I,
myself, beg thee to exhort Jacob concerning me and concerning my sons, for I know that he will
assuredly be king over me and my sons, for on the day my father blessed him he made him the
higher and me
24 the lower. And I swear unto thee that I shall love him, and not desire evil against him
all the
25 days of my life but good only.' And he sware unto her regarding all this matter. And
she called Jacob before the eyes of Esau, and gave him commandment according to the words
which
26 she had spoken to Esau. And he said: 'I shall do thy pleasure; believe me that no evil
will proceed from me or from my sons against Esau, and I shall be first in naught save in love
only.'
27 And they eat and drank, she and her sons that night, and she died, three jubilees and
one week and one year old, on that night, and her two sons, Esau and Jacob, buried her in the
double cave near Sarah, their father's mother.
1 And in the sixth year of this week [2162 A.M.] Isaac called his two sons Esau and
Jacob, and they came to him, and he said unto them: 'My sons, I am going the way of my fathers,
to the eternal house
2 where my fathers are. Wherefore bury me near Abraham my father, in the double cave
in the field of Ephron the Hittite, where Abraham purchased a sepulchre to bury in; in the
sepulchre which
3 I digged for myself, there bury me. And this I command you, my sons, that ye practise
righteousness and uprightness on the earth, so that the Lord may bring upon you all that the Lord
said that
4 he would do to Abraham and to his seed. And love one another, my sons, your brothers
as a man who loves his own soul, and let each seek in what he may benefit his brother, and act
together on the earth; and let them love each other as their own souls. And concerning the
question of idols, I command and admonish you to reject them and hate them, and love them not,
for they are full
6 of deception for those that worship them and for those that bow down to them.
Remember ye, my sons, the Lord God of Abraham your father, and how I too worshipped Him
and served Him in righteousness and in joy, that He might multiply you and increase your seed as
the stars of heaven in multitude, and establish you on the earth as the plant of righteousness which
will not be rooted
7 out unto all the generations for ever. And now I shall make you swear a great oath -for
there is no oath which is greater than it by the name glorious and honoured and great and splendid
and wonderful and mighty, which created the heavens and the earth and all things together- that
ye will
8 fear Him and worship Him. And that each will love his brother with affection and
righteousness, and that neither will desire evil against his brother from henceforth for ever all the
days of your life
9 so that ye may prosper in all your deeds and not be destroyed. And if either of you
devises evil against his brother, know that from henceforth everyone that devises evil against his
brother shall fall into his hand, and shall be rooted out of the land of the living, and his seed shall
be destroyed from
10 under heaven. But on the day of turbulence and execration and indignation and anger,
with flaming devouring fire as He burnt Sodom, so likewise will He burn his land and his city and
all that is his, and he shall be blotted out of the book of the discipline of the children of men, and
not be recorded in the book of life, but in that which is appointed to destruction, and he shall
depart into eternal execration; so that their condemnation may be always renewed in hate and in
execration and in wrath and in torment and in indignation and in plagues and in disease for ever. I
say and testify to you, my sons, according to the judgment which shall come upon the man who
wishes to
12 injure his brother. And he divided all his possessions between the two on that day and
he gave the larger portion to him that was the first-born, and the tower and all that was about it,
and all that
13 Abraham possessed at the Well of the Oath. And he said: 'This larger portion I will
give to the
14 firstborn.' And Esau said, 'I have sold to Jacob and given my birthright to Jacob; to him
let it be
15 given, and I have not a single word to say regarding it, for it is his.' And Isaac said,
May a blessing rest upon you, my sons, and upon your seed this day, for ye have given me rest,
and my heart is not
16 pained concerning the birthright, lest thou shouldest work wickedness on account of it.
May the
17 Most High God bless the man that worketh righteousness, him and his seed for ever.'
And he ended commanding them and blessing them, and they eat and drank together before him,
and he rejoiced because there was one mind between them, and they went forth from him and
rested that day and
18 slept. And Isaac slept on his bed that day rejoicing; and he slept the eternal sleep, and
died one hundred and eighty years old. He completed twenty-five weeks and five years; and his
two sons
19 Esau and Jacob buried him. And Esau went to the land of Edom, to the mountains of
Seir, and
20 dwelt there. And Jacob dwelt in the mountains of Hebron, in the tower of the land of
the sojournings of his father Abraham, and he worshipped the Lord with all his heart and
according to the visible
21 commands according as He had divided the days of his generations. And Leah his wife
died in the fourth year of the second week of the forty-fifth jubilee, [2167 A.M.] and he buried her
in the double cave
23 near Rebecca his mother to the left of the grave of Sarah, his father's mother and all her
sons and his sons came to mourn over Leah his wife with him and to comfort him regarding her,
for he
24 was lamenting her for he loved her exceedingly after Rachel her sister died; for she was
perfect and upright in all her ways and honoured Jacob,and all the days that she lived with him he
did not hear from her mouth a harsh word, for she was gentle and peaceable and upright and
honourable
24 And he remembered all her deeds which she had done during her life and he lamented
her exceedingly; for he loved her with all his heart and with all his soul.
1 And on the day that Isaac the father of Jacob and Esau died, [2162 A.M.] the sons of
Esau heard that Isaac
2 had given the portion of the elder to his younger son Jacob and they were very angry.
And they strove with their father, saying 'Why has thy father given Jacob the portion of the elder
and passed
3 over thee, although thou art the elder and Jacob the younger?' And he said unto them
'Because I sold my birthright to Jacob for a small mess of lentils, and on the day my father sent me
to hunt and catch and bring him something that he should eat and bless me, he came with guile
and brought
4 my father food and drink, and my father blessed him and put me under his hand. And
now our father has caused us to swear, me and him, that we shall not mutually devise evil, either
against his brother, and that we shall continue in love and in peace each with his brother and not
make our ways
5 corrupt.' And they said unto him, 'We shall not hearken unto thee to make peace with
him; for our strength is greater than his strength, and we are more powerful than he; we shall go
against him and slay him, and destroy him and his sons. And if thou wilt not go with us, we shall
do hurt
6 to thee also. And now hearken unto us: Let us send to Aram and Philistia and Moab
and Ammon, and let us choose for ourselves chosen men who are ardent for battle, and let us go
against him and do battle with him, and let us exterminate him from the earth before he grows
strong.'
7 And their father said unto them, 'Do not go and do not make war with him lest ye fall
before him.'
8 And they said unto him, 'This too, is exactly thy mode of action from thy youth until this
day, and
9 thou art putting thy neck under his yoke. We shall not hearken to these words.' And
they sent to Aram, and to 'Aduram to the friend of their father, and they hired along with them
one thousand
10 fighting men, chosen men of war. And there came to them from Moab and from the
children of Ammon, those who were hired, one thousand chosen men, and from Philistia, one
thousand chosen men of war, and from Edom and from the Horites one thousand chosen fighting
men, and from the
11 Kittim mighty men of war. And they said unto their father: Go forth with them and
lead them,
12 else we shall slay thee.' And he was filled with wrath and indignation on seeing that his
sons were forcing him to go before (them) to lead them against Jacob his brother. But afterward
he remem-
13 bered all the evil which lay hidden in his heart against Jacob his brother; and he
remembered not the oath which he had sworn to his father and to his mother that he would devise
no evil all his days
14 against Jacob his brother. And notwithstanding all this, Jacob knew not that they were
coming against him to battle, and he was mourning for Leah, his wife, until they approached very
near to the
15 tower with four thousand warriors and chosen men of war And the men of Hebron sent
to him saying, 'Behold thy brother has come against thee, to fight thee, with four thousand girt
with the sword, and they carry shields and weapons'; for they loved Jacob more than Esau. So
they told him; for
16 Jacob was a more liberal and merciful man than Esau. But Jacob would not believe
until they came
17 very near to the tower. And he closed the gates of the tower; and he stood on the
battlements and spake to his brother Esau and said, 'Noble is the comfort wherewith thou hast
come to comfort me for my wife who has died. Is this the oath that thou didst swear to thy father
and again to thy mother before they died? Thou hast broken the oath, and on the moment that
thou didst swear to
18 thy father wast thou condemned.' And then Esau answered and said unto him, 'Neither
the children of men nor the beasts of the earth have any oath of righteousness which in swearing
they have sworn (an oath valid) for ever; but every day they devise evil one against another, and
how each
19 may slay his adversary and foe. And thou dost hate me and my children for ever. And
there is
20 no observing the tie of brotherhood with thee. Hear these words which I declare unto
thee,
If the boar can change its skin and make its bristles as soft as wool,
Or if it can cause horns to sprout forth on its head like the horns of a stag or of a sheep,
Then will I observe the tie of brotherhood with thee
And if the breasts separated themselves from their mother, for thou hast not been a
brother to me.
21 And if the wolves make peace with the lambs so as not to devour or do them violence,
And if their hearts are towards them for good,
Then there shall be peace in my heart towards thee
22 And if the lion becomes the friend of the ox and makes peace with him
And if he is bound under one yoke with him and ploughs with him,
Then will I make peace with thee.
23 And when the raven becomes white as the raza,
Then know that I have loved thee
And shall make peace with thee
Thou shalt be rooted out,
And thy sons shall be rooted out,
And there shall be no peace for thee'
24 And when Jacob saw that he was (so) evilly disposed towards him with his heart, and
with all his soul as to slay him, and that he had come springing like the wild boar which comes
upon
25 the spear that pierces and kills it, and recoils not from it; then he spake to his own and
to his servants that they should attack him and all his companions.
1 And after that Judah spake to Jacob, his father, and said unto him: 'Bend thy bow,
father, and send forth thy arrows and cast down the adversary and slay the enemy; and mayst thou
have the power, for we shall not slay thy brother, for he is such as thou, and he is like thee let us
give him
2 (this) honour.' Then Jacob bent his bow and sent forth the arrow and struck Esau, his
brother (on
3 his right breast) and slew him. And again he sent forth an arrow and struck 'Adoran the
Aramaean,
4 on the left breast, and drove him backward and slew him And then went forth the sons
of Jacob,
5 they and their servants, dividing themselves into companies on the four sides of the
tower. And Judah went forth in front, and Naphtali and Gad with him and fifty servants with him
on the south side of the tower, and they slew all they found before them, and not one individual of
them escaped.
6 And Levi and Dan and Asher went forth on the east side of the tower, and fifty (men)
with them,
7 and they slew the fighting men of Moab and Ammon. And Reuben and Issachar and
Zebulon went forth on the north side of the tower, and fifty men with them, and they slew the
fighting men of the
8 Philistines. And Simeon and Benjamin and Enoch, Reuben's son, went forth on the west
side of the tower, and fifty (men) with them, and they slew of Edom and of the Horites four
hundred men, stout warriors; and six hundred fled, and four of the sons of Esau fled with them,
and left their father
9 lying slain, as he had fallen on the hill which is in 'Aduram. And the sons of Jacob
pursued after them to the mountains of Seir. And Jacob buried his brother on the hill which is in
'Aduram, and
10 he returned to his house. And the sons of Jacob pressed hard upon the sons of Esau in
the moun-
11 tains of Seir, and bowed their necks so that they became servants of the sons of Jacob.
And they
12 sent to their father (to inquire) whether they should make peace with them or slay
them. And Jacob sent word to his sons that they should make peace, and they made peace with
them, and placed the
13 yoke of servitude upon them, so that they paid tribute to Jacob and to his sons always.
And they
14 continued to pay tribute to Jacob until the day that he went down into Egypt. And the
sons of Edom have not got quit of the yoke of servitude which the twelve sons of Jacob had
imposed on
15 them until this day. And these are the kings that reigned in Edom before there reigned
any king
16 over the children of Israel [until this day] in the land of Edom. And Balaq, the son of
Beor, reigned
17 in Edom, and the name of his city was Danaba. And Balaq died, and Jobab, the son of
Zara of
18 Boser, reigned in his stead. And Jobab died, and 'Asam, of the land of Teman, reigned
in his stead.
19 And 'Asam died, and 'Adath, the son of Barad, who slew Midian in the field of Moab,
reigned in his
20 stead, and the name of his city was Avith. And 'Adath died, and Salman, from
'Amaseqa, reigned
21,22 in his stead. And Salman died,and Saul of Ra'aboth (by the) river, reigned in his
stead. And Saul
23 died, and Ba'elunan, the son of Achbor, reigned in his stead. And Ba'elunan, the son of
Achbor died, and 'Adath reigned in his stead, and the name of his wife was Maitabith, the
daughter of
25 Matarat, the daughter of Metabedza'ab. These are the kings who reigned in the land of
Edom.
1,2 And Jacob dwelt in the land of his father's sojournings in the land of Canaan. These
are the generations of Jacob. And Joseph was seventeen years old when they took him down
into
3 the land of Egypt, and Potiphar, an eunuch of Pharaoh, the chief cook bought him. And
he set Joseph over all his house and the blessing of the Lord came upon the house of the Egyptian
on
4 account of Joseph, and the Lord prospered him in all that he did. And the Egyptian
committed everything into the hands of Joseph; for he saw that the Lord was with him, and that
the
5 Lord prospered him in all that he did. And Joseph's appearance was comely [and very
beautiful was his appearance], and his master's wife lifted up her eyes and saw Joseph, and she
loved him
6 and besought him to lie with her. But he did not surrender his soul, and he remembered
the Lord and the words which Jacob, his father, used to read from amongst the words of
Abraham, that no man should commit fornication with a woman who has a husband; that for him
the punishment of death has been ordained in the heavens before the Most High God, and the
sin
7 will be recorded against him in the eternal books continually before the Lord. And
Joseph
8 remembered these words and refused to lie with her. And she besought him for a year,
but he
9 refused and would not listen. But she embraced him and held him fast in the house in
order to force him to lie with her, and closed the doors of the house and held him fast; but he
left
10 his garment in her hands and broke through the door and fled without from her
presence. And the woman saw that he would not lie with her, and she calumniated him in the
presence of his lord, saying 'Thy Hebrew servant, whom thou lovest, sought to force me so that
he might lie with me; and it came to pass when I lifted up my voice that he fled and left his
garment in
11 my hands when I held him, and he brake through the door.' And the Egyptian saw the
garment of Joseph and the broken door, and heard the words of his wife, and cast Joseph
into
12 prison into the place where the prisoners were kept whom the king imprisoned. And
he was there in the prison; and the Lord gave Joseph favour in the sight of the chief of the prison
guards and compassion before him, for he saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord
13 made all that he did to prosper. And he committed all things into his hands, and the
chief of the prison guards knew of nothing that was with him, for Joseph did every thing, and the
14 Lord perfected it. And he remained there two years. And in those days Pharaoh, king
of Egypt was wroth against his two eunuchs, against the chief butler, and against the chief baker,
and he put
15 them in ward in the house of the chief cook, in the prison where Joseph was kept. And
the chief of
16 the prison guards appointed Joseph to serve them; and he served before them. And
they both
17 dreamed a dream, the chief butler and the chief baker, and they told it to Joseph. And
as he interpreted to them so it befell them, and Pharaoh restored the chief butler to his office and
the
18 (chief) baker he slew, as Joseph had interpreted to them. But the chief butler forgot
Joseph in the prison, although he had informed him what would befall him, and did not remember
to inform Pharaoh how Joseph had told him, for he forgot.
1 And in those days Pharaoh dreamed two dreams in one night concerning a famine which
was to be in all the land, and he awoke from his sleep and called all the interpreters of dreams that
were in Egypt, and magicians, and told them his two dreams, and they were not able to declare
(them).
2 And then the chief butler remembered Joseph and spake of him to the king, and he
brought him
3 forth from the prison, and he to]d his two dreams before him. And he said before
Pharaoh that his two dreams were one, and he said unto him: 'Seven years shall come (in which
there shall be) plenty over all the land of Egypt, and after that seven years of famine, such a
famine as has not been in all
4 the land. And now let Pharaoh appoint overseers in all the land of Egypt, and let them
store up food in every city throughout the days of the years of plenty, and there will be food for
the seven
5 years of famine, and the land will not perish through the famine, for it will be very
severe.' And the Lord gave Joseph favour and mercy in the eyes of Pharaoh, and Pharaoh said
unto his servants. We shall not find such a wise and discreet man as this man, for the spirit of the
Lord is with
6 him.' And he appointed him the second in all his kingdom and gave him authority over
all
7 Egypt, and caused him to ride in the second chariot of Pharaoh. And he clothed him
with byssus garments, and he put a gold chain upon his neck, and (a herald) proclaimed before
him ' 'El 'El wa 'Abirer,' and placed a ring on his hand and made him ruler over all his house, and
magnified him, and
8 said unto him. 'Only on the throne shall I be greater than thou.' And Joseph ruled over
all the land of Egypt, and all the princes of Pharaoh, and all his servants, and all who did the king's
business loved him, for he walked in uprightness, for he was without pride and arrogance, and he
had no respect of persons, and did not accept gifts, but he judged in uprightness all the people of
the land.
9 And the land of Egypt was at peace before Pharaoh because of Joseph, for the Lord was
with him, and gave him favour and mercy for all his generations before all those who knew him
and those who heard concerning him, and Pharaoh's kingdom was well ordered, and there was no
Satan and no evil
10 person (therein). And the king called Joseph's name Sephantiphans, and gave Joseph to
wife the
11 daughter of Potiphar, the daughter of the priest of Heliopolis, the chief cook. And on
the day that
12 Joseph stood before Pharaoh he was thirty years old [when he stood before Pharaoh].
And in that year Isaac died. And it came to pass as Joseph had said in the interpretation of his
two dreams, according as he had said it, there were seven years of plenty over all the land of
Egypt, and the
13 land of Egypt abundantly produced, one measure (producing) eighteen hundred
measures. And Joseph gathered food into every city until they were full of corn until they could
no longer count and measure it for its multitude.
1 And in the forty-fifth jubilee, in the second week, (and) in the second year, [2165 A.M.]
Judah took for his
2 first-born Er, a wife from the daughters of Aram, named Tamar. But he hated, and did
not lie with her, because his mother was of the daughters of Canaan, and he wished to take him a
wife of the
3 kinsfolk of his mother, but Judah, his father, would not permit him. And this Er, the
first-born of Judah,
4 was wicked, and the Lord slew him. And Judah said unto Onan, his brother 'Go in unto
thy brother's wife and perform the duty of a husband's brother unto her, and raise up seed unto thy
brother.' And
5 Onan knew that the seed would not be his, (but) his brother's only, and he went into the
house of his brother's wife, and spilt the seed on the ground, and he was wicked in the eyes of the
Lord, and He slew
6 him. And Judah said unto Tamar, his daughter-in-law: 'Remain in thy father's house as
a widow till
7 Shelah my son be grown up, and I shall give thee to him to wife.' And he grew up; but
Bedsu'el, the wife of Judah, did not permit her son Shelah to marry. And Bedsu'el, the wife of
Judah, died [2168 A.M.]
10 way to Timnah. And as Judah was going along he found her, and thought her to be an
harlot, and he said unto her: 'Let me come in unto thee'; and she said unto him Come in,' and he
went
11 in. And she said unto him: 'Give me my hire'; and he said unto her: 'I have nothing in
my
12 hand save my ring that is on my finger, and my necklace, and my staff which is in my
hand.' And she said unto him 'Give them to me until thou dost send me my hire', and he said unto
her: 'I will send unto thee a kid of the goats'; and he gave them to her,
13,14 she conceived by him. And Judah went unto his sheep, and she went to her father's
house. And Judah sent a kid of the goats by the hand of his shepherd, an Adullamite, and he
found her not; and he asked the people of the place, saying: 'Where is the harlot who was here?'
And they said
15 unto him; 'There is no harlot here with us.' And he returned and informed him, and said
unto him that he had not found her: 'I asked the people of the place, and they said unto me:
"There
16 is no harlot here." ' And he said: 'Let her keep (them) lest we become a cause of
derision.' And when she had completed three months, it was manifest that she was with child, and
they told Judah,
17 saying: 'Behold Tamar, thy daughter-in-law, is with child by whoredom.' And Judah
went to the house of her father, and said unto her father and her brothers: 'Bring her forth, and let
them burn
18 her, for she hath wrought uncleanness in Israel.' And it came to pass when they
brought her forth to burn her that she sent to her father-in-law the ring and the necklace, and the
staff, saying:
19 'Discern whose are these, for by him am I with child.' And Judah acknowledged, and
said: 'Tamar
20 is more righteous than I am. And therefore let them burn her not' And for that reason
she was
21 not given to Shelah, and he did not again approach her And after that she bare two
sons, Perez [2170 A.M.]
23 were accomplished, of which Joseph spake to Pharaoh. And Judah acknowledged that
the deed which he had done was evil, for he had lain with his daughter-in-law, and he esteemed it
hateful in his eyes, and he acknowledged that he had transgressed and gone astray, for he had
uncovered the skirt of his son, and he began to lament and to supplicate before the Lord because
of his transgression.
24 And we told him in a dream that it was forgiven him because he supplicated earnestly,
and lamented,
25 and did not again commit it. And he received forgiveness because he turned from his
sin and from his ignorance, for he transgressed greatly before our God; and every one that acts
thus, every one who lies with his mother-in-law, let them burn him with fire that he may burn
therein, for there is
26 uncleanness and pollution upon them, with fire let them burn them. And do thou
command the children of Israel that there be no uncleanness amongst them, for every one who lies
with his daughter-in-law or with his mother-in-law hath wrought uncleanness; with fire let them
burn the man who has lain with her, and likewise the woman, and He will turn away wrath and
punishment
27 from Israel. And unto Judah we said that his two sons had not lain with her, and for
this reason
28 his seed was stablished for a second generation, and would not be rooted out. For in
singleness of eye he had gone and sought for punishment, namely, according to the judgment of
Abraham, which he had commanded his sons, Judah had sought to burn her with fire.
1 And in the first year of the third week of the forty-fifth jubilee the famine began to come
into the [2171 A.M.]
3 seven years of plenty and had preserved it. And the Egyptians came to Joseph that he
might give them food, and he opened the store-houses where was the grain of the first year, and
he sold it to
4 the people of the land for gold.
5 that went (there). And Joseph recognised them, but they did not recognise him, and he
spake unto them and questioned them, and he said unto them; 'Are ye not spies and have ye not
come to
6 explore the approaches of the land? 'And he put them in ward. And after that he set
them free
7 again, and detained Simeon alone and sent off his nine brothers. And he filled their
sacks with corn,
8 and he put their gold in their sacks, and they did not know. And he commanded them to
bring
9 their younger brother, for they had told him their father was living and their younger
brother. And they went up from the land of Egypt and they came to the land of Canaan; and they
told their father all that had befallen them, and how the lord of the country had spoken roughly to
them, and
10 had seized Simeon till they should bring Benjamin. And Jacob said: 'Me have ye
bereaved of my children! Joseph is not and Simeon also is not, and ye will take Benjamin away.
On me has your
11 wickedness come. 'And he said: 'My son will not go down with you lest perchance he
fall sick; for their mother gave birth to two sons, and one has perished, and this one also ye will
take from me. If perchance he took a fever on the road, ye would bring down my old age with
sorrow unto death.'
12 For he saw that their money had been returned to every man in his sack, and for this
reason he
13 feared to send him. And the famine increased and became sore in the land of Canaan,
and in all lands save in the land of Egypt, for many of the children of the Egyptians had stored up
their seed for food from the time when they saw Joseph gathering seed together and putting it in
storehouses
14 and preserving it for the years of famine. And the people of Egypt fed themselves
thereon during
15 the first year of their famine But when Israel saw that the famine was very sore in the
land, and that there was no deliverance, he said unto his sons: 'Go again, and procure food for us
that we die
16 not.' And they said: 'We shall not go; unless our youngest brother go with us, we shall
not go.'
17 And Israel saw that if he did not send him with them, they should all perish by reason
of the famine
18 And Reuben said: 'Give him into my hand, and if I do not bring him back to thee, slay
my two
19 sons instead of his soul.' And he said unto him: 'He shall not go with thee.' And Judah
came near and said: 'Send him with me, and if I do not bring him back to thee, let me bear the
blame before
20 thee all the days of my life.' And he sent him with them in the second year of this week
on the [2172 A.m.] first day of the month, and they came to the land of Egypt with all those who
went, and (they had)
21 presents in their hands, stacte and almonds and terebinth nuts and pure honey. And
they went and stood before Joseph, and he saw Benjamin his brother, and he knew him, and said
unto them: Is this your youngest brother?' And they said unto him: 'It is he.' And he said The
Lord be
22 gracious to thee, my son!' And he sent him into his house and he brought forth Simeon
unto them and he made a feast for them, and they presented to him the gift which they had
brought in their
23 hands. And they eat before him and he gave them all a portion, but the portion of
Benjamin was
24 seven times larger than that of any of theirs. And they eat and drank and arose and
remained with
25 their asses. And Joseph devised a plan whereby he might learn their thoughts as to
whether thoughts of peace prevailed amongst them, and he said to the steward who was over his
house: 'Fill all their sacks with food, and return their money unto them into their vessels, and my
cup, the silver cup out of which I drink, put it in the sack of the youngest, and send them
away.'
1 And he did as Joseph had told him, and filled all their sacks for them with food and put
their
2 money in their sacks, and put the cup in Benjamin's sack. Aud early in the morning they
departed, and it came to pass that, when they had gone from thence, Joseph said unto the steward
of his house: 'Pursue them, run and seize them, saying, "For good ye have requited me with evil;
you have stolen from me the silver cup out of which my lord drinks." And bring back to me
their
3 youngest brother, and fetch (him) quickly before I go forth to my seat of judgment.'
And he ran
4 after them and said unto them according to these words. And they said unto him: 'God
forbid that thy servants should do this thing, and steal from the house of thy lord any utensil, and
the money also which we found in our sacks the first time, we thy servants brought back from the
land of
5 Canaan. How then should we steal any utensil? Behold here are we and our sacks
search, and wherever thou findest the cup in the sack of any man amongst us, let him be slain, and
we and our
6 asses will serve thy lord.' And he said unto them: 'Not so, the man with whom I find,
him only
7 shall I take as a servant, and ye shall return in peace unto your house.' And as he was
searching in their vessels, beginning with the eldest and ending with the youngest, it was found in
Benjamin's
8 sack. And they rent their garments, and laded their asses, and returned to the city and
came to the
9 house of Joseph, and they all bowed themselves on their faces to the ground before him.
And Joseph said unto them: 'Ye have done evil.' And they said: 'What shall we say and how shall
we defend ourselves? Our lord hath discovered the transgression of his servants; behold we are
the
10 servants of our lord, and our asses also. 'And Joseph said unto them: 'I too fear the
Lord; as for you, go ye to your homes and let your brother be my servant, for ye have done evil.
Know ye not
11 that a man delights in his cup as I with this cup? And yet ye have stolen it from me.'
And Judah said: 'O my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ear two
brothers did thy servant's mother bear to our father: one went away and was lost, and hath not
been found, and he alone is left of his mother, and thy servant our father loves him, and his life
also is bound up with
12 the life of this (lad). And it will come to pass, when we go to thy servant our father,
and the lad is
13 not with us, that he will die, and we shall bring down our father with sorrow unto
death. Now rather let me, thy servant, abide instead of the boy as a bondsman unto my lord, and
let the lad go with his brethren, for I became surety for him at the hand of thy servant our father,
and if I do not
14 bring him back, thy servant will hear the blame to our father for ever.' And Joseph saw
that they were all accordant in goodness one with another, and he could not refrain himself, and
he told them
15 that he was Joseph. And he conversed with them in the Hebrew tongue and fell on
their neck and
16 wept. But they knew him not and they began to weep. And he said unto them: 'Weep
not over me, but hasten and bring my father to me; and ye see that it is my mouth that speaketh
and the
17 eyes of my brother Benjamin see. For behold this is the second year of the famine, and
there are
18 still five years without harvest or fruit of trees or ploughing. Come down quickly ye
and your households, so that ye perish not through the famine, and do not be grieved for your
possessions, for
19 the Lord sent me before you to set things in order that many people might live. And
tell my father that I am still alive, and ye, behold, ye see that the Lord has made me as a father to
Pharaoh,
20 and ruler over his house and over all the land of Egypt. And tell my father of all my
glory, and
21 all the riches and glory that the Lord hath given me.' And by the command of the
mouth of Pharaoh he gave them chariots and provisions for the way, and he gave them all
many-coloured
21 raiment and silver. And to their father he sent raiment and silver and ten asses which
carried corn,
23 and he sent them away. And they went up and told their father that Joseph was alive,
and was measuring out corn to all the nations of the earth, and that he was ruler over all the land
of Egypt.
24 And their father did not believe it, for he was beside himself in his mind; but when he
saw the wagons which Joseph had sent, the life of his spirit revived, and he said: 'It is enough for
me if Joseph lives; I will go down and see him before I die.'
1 And Israel took his journey from Haran from his house on the new moon of the third
month, and he went on the way of the Well of the Oath, and he offered a sacrifice to the God of
his
2 father Isaac on the seventh of this month. And Jacob remembered the dream that he had
seen
3 at Bethel, and he feared to go down into Egypt. And while he was thinking of sending
word to Joseph to come to him, and that he would not go down, he remained there seven days,
if
4 perchance he could see a vision as to whether he should remain or go down. And he
celebrated the harvest festival of the first-fruits with old grain, for in all the land of Canaan there
was not a handful of seed [in the land], for the famine was over all the beasts and cattle and
5 birds, and also over man. And on the sixteenth the Lord appeared unto him, and said
unto him, 'Jacob, Jacob'; and he said, 'Here am I.' And He said unto him: 'I am the God of thy
fathers, the God of Abraham and Isaac; fear not to go down into Egypt, for I will there make of
thee
6 a great nation I will go down with thee, and I will bring thee up (again), and in this land
shalt thou be buried, and Joseph shall put his hands upon thy eyes. Fear not; go down into
Egypt.'
7 And his sons rose up, and his sons' sons, and they placed their father and their
possessions upon
8 wagons. And Israel rose up from the Well of the Oath on the sixteenth of this third
month, and he
9 went to the land of Egypt. And Israel sent Judah before him to his son Joseph to
examine the Land of Goshen, for Joseph had told his brothers that they should come and dwell
there that they
10 might be near him. And this was the goodliest (land) in the land of Egypt, and near to
him, for all
11 (of them) and also for the cattle. And these are the names of the sons of Jacob who
went into
12 Egypt with Jacob their father Reuben, the First-born of Israel; and these are the names
of his
13 sons Enoch, and Pallu, and Hezron and Carmi-five. Simeon and his sons; and these are
the names of his sons: Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul, the
son
14 of the Zephathite woman-seven. Levi and his sons; and these are the names of his
sons: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari-four. Judah and his sons; and these are the names of his
sons:
15 Shela, and Perez, and Zerah-four. Issachar and his sons; and these are the names of his
sons:
17 Tola, and Phua, and Jasub, and Shimron-five. Zebulon and his sons; and these are the
names of
18 his sons: Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel-four. And these are the sons of Jacob and their
sons whom Leah bore to Jacob in Mesopotamia, six, and their one sister, Dinah and all the souls
of the sons of Leah, and their sons, who went with Jacob their father into Egypt, were
twenty-nine, and Jacob their
19 father being with them, they were thirty. And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, the
wife of
20 Jacob, who bore unto Jacob Gad and Ashur. And there are the names of their sons
who went with him into Egypt. The sons of Gad: Ziphion, and Haggi, and Shuni, and Ezbon,
(and Eri, and Areli,
21 and Arodi-eight. And the sons of Asher: Imnah, and Ishvah, (and Ishvi), and Beriah,
and Serah,
22,23 their one sister-six. All the souls were fourteen, and all those of Leah were
forty-four. And the
24 sons of Rachel, the wife of Jacob: Joseph and Benjamin. And there were born to
Joseph in Egypt before his father came into Egypt, those whom Asenath, daughter of Potiphar
priest of Heliopolis
25 bare unto him, Manasseh, and Ephraim-three. And the sons of Benjamin: Bela and
Becher and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, and Ehi, and Rosh, and Muppim, and Huppim, and
Ard-eleven.
26,27 And all the souls of Rachel were fourteen. And the sons of Bilhah, the handmaid of
Rachel, the
28 wife of Jacob, whom she bare to Jacob, were Dan and Naphtali. And these are the
names of their sons who went with them into Egypt. And the sons of Dan were Hushim, and
Samon, and Asudi.
29 and 'Ijaka, and Salomon-six. And they died the year in which they entered into Egypt,
and there
30 was left to Dan Hushim alone. And these are the names of the sons of Naphtali Jahziel,
and Guni
31 and Jezer, and Shallum, and 'Iv. And 'Iv, who was born after the years of famine, died
in Egypt.
32,33 And all the souls of Rachel were twenty-six. And all the souls of Jacob which went
into Egypt were seventy souls. These are his children and his children's children, in all seventy,
but five died
34 in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. And in the land of Canaan two sons of
Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel buried those who
perished, and they were reckoned among the seventy Gentile nations.
1 And Israel went into the country of Egypt, into the land of Goshen, on the new moon of
the fourth [2172 A.M].
2 month, in the second year of the third week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Joseph went
to meet his
3 father Jacob, to the land of Goshen, and he fell on his father's neck and wept. And Israel
said unto Joseph: 'Now let me die since I have seen thee, and now may the Lord God of Israel be
blessed the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac who hath not withheld His mercy and His grace
from
4 His servant Jacob. It is enough for me that I have seen thy face whilst I am yet alive;
yea, true is the vision which I saw at Bethel. Blessed be the Lord my God for ever and ever, and
blessed be
5 His name.' And Joseph and his brothers eat bread before their father and drank wine,
and Jacob rejoiced with exceeding great joy because he saw Joseph eating with his brothers and
drinking before him, and he blessed the Creator of all things who had preserved him, and had
preserved for him his
6 twelve sons. And Joseph had given to his father and to his brothers as a gift the right of
dwelling in the land of Goshen and in Rameses and all the region round about, which he ruled
over before Pharaoh. And Israel and his sons dwelt in the land of Goshen, the best part of the
land of Egypt
7 and Israel was one hundred and thirty years old when he came into Egypt. And Joseph
nourished his father and his brethren and also their possessions with bread as much as sufficed
them for the
8 seven years of the famine. And the land of Egypt suffered by reason of the famine, and
Joseph acquired all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh in return for food, and he got possession of the
people
9 and their cattle and everything for Pharaoh. And the years of the famine were
accomplished, and Joseph gave to the people in the land seed and food that they might sow (the
land) in the eighth
10 year, for the river had overflowed all the land of Egypt. For in the seven years of the
famine it had (not) overflowed and had irrigated only a few places on the banks of the river, but
now it overflowed
11 and the Egyptians sowed the land, and it bore much corn that year. And this was the
first year of [2178 A.M.]
13 the land of Egypt until this day. And Israel lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years,
and all the days which he lived were three jubilees, one hundred and forty-seven years, and he
died in the fourth [2188 A.M.]
15 the land. And he slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the double cave in the land
of Canaan, near Abraham his father in the grave which he dug for himself in the double cave
in
16 the land of Hebron. And he gave all his books and the books of his fathers to Levi his
son that he might preserve them and renew them for his children until this day.
1 And it came to pass that after Jacob died the children of Israel multiplied in the land of
Egypt, and they became a great nation, and they were of one accord in heart, so that brother
loved brother and every man helped his brother, and they increased abundantly and multiplied
exceedingly, ten [2242 A.M.]
3 of Israel all the days of the life of Joseph. And Joseph died being a hundred and ten
years old; seventeen years he lived in the land of Canaan, and ten years he was a servant, and
three years in
4 prison, and eighty years he was under the king, ruling all the land of Egypt. And he died
and all
5 his brethren and all that generation. And he commanded the children of Israel before he
died that
6 they should carry his bones with them when they went forth from the land of Egypt.
And he made them swear regarding his bones, for he knew that the Egyptians would not again
bring forth and bury him in the land of Canaan, for Makamaron, king of Canaan, while dwelling in
the land of Assyria, fought in the valley with the king of Egypt and slew him there, and pursued
after the
7 Egyptians to the gates of 'Ermon. But he was not able to enter, for another, a new king,
had become king of Egypt, and he was stronger than he, and he returned to the land of Canaan,
and the gates of
8 Egypt were closed, and none went out and none came into Egypt. And Joseph died in
the forty-sixth jubilee, in the sixth week, in the second year, and they buried him in the land of
Egypt, and [2242 A.M.]
10 field in the double cave in the mountain. And the most (of them) returned to Egypt,
but a few of
11 them remained in the mountains of Hebron, and Amram thy father remained with them.
And the
12 king of Canaan was victorious over the king of Egypt, and he closed the gates of
Egypt. And he devised an evil device against the children of Israel of afflicting them and he said
unto the people of
13 Egypt: 'Behold the people of the children of Israel have increased and multiplied more
than we. Come and let us deal wisely with them before they become too many, and let us afflict
them with slavery before war come upon us and before they too fight against us; else they will join
themselves unto our enemies and get them up out of our land, for their hearts and faces are
towards the land
14 of Canaan.' And he set over them taskmasters to afflict them with slavery; and they
built strong cities for Pharaoh, Pithom, and Raamses and they built all the walls and all the
fortifications which
15 had fallen in the cities of Egypt. And they made them serve with rigour, and the more
they dealt evilly with them, the more they increased and multiplied. And the people of Egypt
abominated the children of Israel
1 And in the seventh week, in the seventh year, in the forty-seventh jubilee, thy father
went forth [2303 A.M.] from the land of Canaan, and thou wast born in the fourth week, in the
sixth year thereof, in the [2330 A.M.]
3 born into the river. And they cast them in for seven months until the day that thou wast
born
4 And thy mother hid thee for three months, and they told regarding her. And she made
an ark for thee, and covered it with pitch and asphalt, and placed it in the flags on the bank of the
river, and she placed thee in it seven days, and thy mother came by night and suckled thee, and by
day
5 Miriam, thy sister, guarded thee from the birds. And in those days Tharmuth, the
daughter of Pharaoh, came to bathe in the river, and she heard thy voice crying, and she told her
maidens to
6 bring thee forth, and they brought thee unto her. And she took thee out of the ark, and
she had
7 compassion on thee. And thy sister said unto her: 'Shall I go and call unto thee one of
the
8 Hebrew women to nurse and suckle this babe for thee?' And she said (unto her): 'Go.'
And she
9 went and called thy mother Jochebed, and she gave her wages, and she nursed thee.
And afterwards, when thou wast grown up, they brought thee unto the daughter of Pharaoh, and
thou didst become her son, and Amram thy father taught thee writing, and after thou hadst
completed three weeks
10 they brought thee into the royal court. And thou wast three weeks of years at court
until the time [2351-] when thou didst go forth from the royal court and didst see an Egyptian
smiting thy friend who was [2372 A.M.]
12 doing the wrong: 'Why dost thou smite thy brother?' And he was angry and indignant,
and said: 'Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? Thinkest thou to kill me as thou killedst
the Egyptian yesterday?' And thou didst fear and flee on account of these words.
1 And in the sixth year of the third week of the forty-ninth jubilee thou didst depart and
dwell (in [2372 A.M.] the land of Midian, five weeks and one year. And thou didst return into
Egypt in the second week
2 in the second year in the fiftieth jubilee. And thou thyself knowest what He spake unto
thee on [2410 A.M.] Mount Sinai, and what prince Mastema desired to do with thee when thou
wast returning into Egypt
3
4 judgment and vengeance on the Egyptians? And I delivered thee out of his hand, and
thou didst perform the signs and wonders which thou wast sent to perform in Egypt against
Pharaoh, and
5 against all his house, and against his servants and his people. And the Lord executed a
great vengeance on them for Israel's sake, and smote them through (the plagues of) blood and
frogs, lice and dog-flies, and malignant boils breaking forth in blains; and their cattle by death; and
by hail-stones, thereby He destroyed everything that grew for them; and by locusts which
devoured the residue which had been left by the hail, and by darkness; and (by the death) of the
first-born of
6 men and animals, and on all their idols the Lord took vengeance and burned them with
fire And everything was sent through thy hand, that thou shouldst declare (these things) before
they were done, and thou didst speak with the king of Egypt before all his servants and before his
people
7 And everything took place according to thy words; ten great and terrible judgments
came on the
8 land of Egypt that thou mightest execute vengeance on it for Israel. And the Lord did
everything for Israel's sake, and according to His covenant, which he had ordained with Abraham
that He
9 would take vengeance on them as they had brought them by force into bondage. And
the prince Mastema stood up against thee, and sought to cast thee into the hands of Pharaoh, and
he helped
10 the Egyptian sorcerers, and they stood up and wrought before thee the evils indeed we
permitted
11 them to work, but the remedies we did not allow to be wrought by their hands. And
the Lord smote them with malignant ulcers, and they were not able to stand, for we destroyed
them so that
12 they could not perform a single sign. And notwithstanding all (these) signs and
wonders the prince Mastema was not put to shame because he took courage and cried to the
Egyptians to pursue after thee with all the powers of the Egyptians, with their chariots, and with
their horses, and with all the
13 hosts of the peoples of Egypt. And I stood between the Egyptians and Israel, and we
delivered Israel out of his hand, and out of the hand of his people, and the Lord brought them
through the
14 midst of the sea as if it were dry land. And all the peoples whom he brought to pursue
after Israel, the Lord our God cast them into the midst of the sea, into the depths of the abyss
beneath the children of Israel, even as the people of Egypt had cast their children into the river He
took vengeance on 1,000,000 of them, and one thousand strong and energetic men were
destroyed on
15 account of one suckling of the children of thy people which they had thrown into the
river. And on the fourteenth day and on the fifteenth and on the sixteenth and on the seventeenth
and on the eighteenth the prince Mastema was bound and imprisoned behind the children of Israel
that he
16 might not accuse them. And on the nineteenth we let them loose that they might help
the
17 Egyptians and pursue the children of Israel. And he hardened their hearts and made
them stubborn, and the device was devised by the Lord our God that He might smite the
Egyptians and
18 cast them into the sea. And on the fourteenth we bound him that he might not accuse
the children of Israel on the day when they asked the Egyptians for vessels and garments, vessels
of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of bronze, in order to despoil the Egyptians in return for
the bondage in
19 which they had forced them to serve. And we did not lead forth the children of Israel
from Egypt empty handed.
1 Remember the commandment which the Lord commanded thee concerning the passover,
that thou shouldst celebrate it in its season on the fourteenth of the first month, that thou shouldst
kill it before it is evening, and that they should eat it by night on the evening of the fifteenth from
the
2 time of the setting of the sun. For on this night -the beginning of the festival and the
beginning of the joy- ye were eating the passover in Egypt, when all the powers of Mastema had
been let loose to slay all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh to the
first-born
3 of the captive maid-servant in the mill, and to the cattle. And this is the sign which the
Lord gave them: Into every house on the lintels of which they saw the blood of a lamb of the first
year, into (that) house they should not enter to slay, but should pass by (it), that all those should
be saved that
4 were in the house because the sign of the blood was on its lintels. And the powers of
the Lord did everything according as the Lord commanded them, and they passed by all the
children of Israel, and the plague came not upon them to destroy from amongst them any soul
either of cattle, or
5 man, or dog. And the plague was very grievous in Egypt, and there was no house in
Egypt
6 where there was not one dead, and weeping and lamentation. And all Israel was eating
the flesh of the paschal lamb, and drinking the wine, and was lauding, and blessing, and giving
thanks to the Lord God of their fathers, and was ready to go forth from under the yoke of Egypt,
and from
7 the evil bondage. And remember thou this day all the days of thy life, and observe it
from year to year all the days of thy life, once a year, on its day, according to all the law thereof,
and do not
8 adjourn (it) from day to day, or from month to month. For it is an eternal ordinance,
and engraven on the heavenly tablets regarding all the children of Israel that they should observe it
every year on its day once a year, throughout all their generations; and there is no limit of days,
for this is ordained
9 for ever. And the man who is free from uncleanness, and does not come to observe it on
occasion of its day, so as to bring an acceptable offering before the Lord, and to eat and to drink
before the Lord on the day of its festival, that man who is clean and close at hand shall be cut off:
because he offered not the oblation of the Lord in its appointed season, he shall take the guilt
upon himself.
10 Let the children of Israel come and observe the passover on the day of its fixed time,
on the fourteenth day of the first month, between the evenings, from the third part of the day to
the third part of
1 the night, for two portions of the day are given to the light, and a third part to the
evening. This
12 is that which the Lord commanded thee that thou shouldst observe it between the
evenings. And it is not permissible to slay it during any period of the light, but during the period
bordering on the evening, and let them eat it at the time of the evening, until the third part of the
night, and whatever is left over of all its flesh from the third part of the night and onwards, let
them burn
13 it with fire. And they shall not cook it with water, nor shall they eat it raw, but roast
on the fire: they shall eat it with diligence, its head with the inwards thereof and its feet they shall
roast with fire, and not break any bone thereof; for of the children of Israel no bone shall be
crushed.
14 For this reason the Lord commanded the children of Israel to observe the passover on
the day of its fixed time, and they shall not break a bone thereof; for it is a festival day, and a day
commanded, and there may be no passing over from day to day, and month to month, but on the
day of its
15 festival let it be observed. And do thou command the children of Israel to observe the
passover throughout their days, every year, once a year on the day of its fixed time, and it shall
come for a memorial well pleasing before the Lord, and no plague shall come upon them to slay
or to smite in that year in which they celebrate the passover in its season in every respect
according to His
16 command. And they shall not eat it outside the sanctuary of the Lord, but before the
sanctuary of the Lord, and all the people of the congregation of Israel shall celebrate it in its
appointed season.
17 And every man who has come upon its day shall eat it in the sanctuary of your God
before the Lord from twenty years old and upward; for thus is it written and ordained that they
should eat it
18 in the sanctuary of the Lord. And when the children of Israel come into the land which
they are to possess, into the land of Canaan, and set up the tabernacle of the Lord in the midst of
the land in one of their tribes until the sanctuary of the Lord has been built in the land, let them
come and celebrate the passover in the midst of the tabernacle of the Lord, and let them slay
it
19 before the Lord from year to year. And in the days when the house has been built in
the name of the Lord in the land of their inheritance, they shall go there and slay the passover in
the evening, at
20 sunset, at the third part of the day. And they shall offer its blood on the threshold of
the altar, and shall place its fat on the fire which is upon the altar, and they shall eat its flesh
roasted
21 with fire in the court of the house which has been sanctified in the name of the Lord.
And they may not celebrate the passover in their cities, nor in any place save before the tabernacle
of the Lord, or before His house where His name hath dwelt; and they shall not go astray from the
Lord.
22 And do thou, Moses, command the children of Israel to observe the ordinances of the
passover, as it was commanded unto thee; declare thou unto them every year and the day of its
days, and the festival of unleavened bread, that they should eat unleavened bread seven days,
(and) that they should observe its festival, and that they bring an oblation every day during those
seven days of
23 joy before the Lord on the altar of your God. For ye celebrated this festival with haste
when ye went forth from Egypt till ye entered into the wilderness of Shur; for on the shore of the
sea ye completed it.
1 And after this law I made known to thee the days of the Sabbaths in the desert of
Sin[ai], which
2 is between Elim and Sinai. And I told thee of the Sabbaths of the land on Mount Sinai,
and I told thee of the jubilee years in the sabbaths of years: but the year thereof have I not told
thee till ye
3 enter the land which ye are to possess. And the land also shall keep its sabbaths while
they dwell
4 upon it, and they shall know the jubilee year. Wherefore I have ordained for thee the
year-weeks and the years and the jubilees: there are forty-nine jubilees from the days of Adam
until this day, [2410 A.M.] and one week and two years: and there are yet forty years to come
(lit. 'distant') for learning the [2450 A.M.] commandments of the Lord, until they pass over into
the land of Canaan, crossing the Jordan to the
5 west. And the jubilees shall pass by, until Israel is cleansed from all guilt of fornication,
and uncleanness, and pollution, and sin, and error, and dwells with confidence in all the land, and
there shall be no more a Satan or any evil one, and the land shall be clean from that time for
evermore.
6 And behold the commandment regarding the Sabbaths -I have written (them) down for
thee-
7 and all the judgments of its laws. Six days shalt thou labour, but on the seventh day is
the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it ye shall do no manner of work, ye and your sons, and
your men-
8 servants and your maid-servants, and all your cattle and the sojourner also who is with
you. And the man that does any work on it shall die: whoever desecrates that day, whoever lies
with (his) wife, or whoever says he will do something on it, that he will set out on a journey
thereon in regard to any buying or selling: and whoever draws water thereon which he had not
prepared for himself on the sixth day, and whoever takes up any burden to carry it out of his tent
or out of his house
9 shall die. Ye shall do no work whatever on the Sabbath day save what ye have prepared
for yourselves on the sixth day, so as to eat, and drink, and rest, and keep Sabbath from all work
on that day, and to bless the Lord your God, who has given you a day of festival and a holy day:
and
10 a day of the holy kingdom for all Israel is this day among their days for ever. For great
is the honour which the Lord has given to Israel that they should eat and drink and be satisfied on
this festival day, and rest thereon from all labour which belongs to the labour of the children of
men save burning frankincense and bringing oblations and sacrifices before the Lord for days and
for
11 Sabbaths. This work alone shall be done on the Sabbath-days in the sanctuary of the
Lord your God; that they may atone for Israel with sacrifice continually from day to day for a
memorial well-pleasing before the Lord, and that He may receive them always from day to day
according as thou
12 hast been commanded. And every man who does any work thereon, or goes a journey,
or tills (his) farm, whether in his house or any other place, and whoever lights a fire, or rides on
any beast, or travels by ship on the sea, and whoever strikes or kills anything, or slaughters a beast
or a bird, or
13 whoever catches an animal or a bird or a fish, or whoever fasts or makes war on the
Sabbaths: The man who does any of these things on the Sabbath shall die, so that the children of
Israel shall observe the Sabbaths according to the commandments regarding the Sabbaths of the
land, as it is written in the tablets, which He gave into my hands that I should write out for thee
the laws of the seasons, and the seasons according to the division of their days.
Herewith is completed the account of the division of the days.
Scanned and Edited by
Joshua Williams
Northwest Nazarene College