However, the information conveyed by linguistic signs alone, i.e., the meaning overtly expressed in the text, would not be sufficient for adequate translation. Some linguists distinguish between what they call translation, based solely on the meanings expressed by linguistic signs, and interpretation, involving recourse to extralinguistic information. In fact, the two are very closely intertwined, and in moat cases effective translation is impossible without adequate knowledge of the speech-act situation and the situation described in the text. The phrase “Two on the ailse “ - Äâà ìåñòà áëèæå ê ïðîõîäó. would hardly make much sense unless it is known that the conversation takes place at a box-office (speech-act situation). The phrase was translated “Turn the handle unit the air comes into the cyli” because the translator was familiar with the situation described the text knowledge of the subject is one of the prerequisites of adequate translation. The translation of technical and scientific texts requires a certain amount of technical and scientific knowledge. A successful translation is always a bit of an ethnographic, historic etc.

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