A. Two groups formed from Nationality Branches expelled by Socialist Party in 1919. Jozef Kowalski and B. K. Gebert founding members; executive board members. CPUSA, a legal entity.

B. Cells in major cities.

C. Without the leadership, dedication and sacrifice of CP members many unions, esp. the CIO, would never have been established during Depression.

D. N.B. "I hate Communism but I love Communists," Bishop Fulton J. Sheen.

E. According to the miracle at Fatima, were Christians bound to pray for the conversion of Russia and its Communists?

F. Solidarnosc in Poland rebelled against Soviet rule helping to end world wide Communism in 1989. USSR military left Central & Eastern Europe.

G. Identifiable Individuals, mainly Detroit area..

STANLEY ADAMSKI; ROMAN BLAZYNSKI; Stella Blonski>; Edmund C. Bobrowicz<; Edmund Buczak<; Frank Buda<; Kazmer & Stanislaw Calka<; Mrs. Cebula<; J. Cegielkowska<; Joseph Chrin<; John Chupka<; James Z. Cichocki<; William Cizek<; Martin Czaja<; Walter Dorosh<; THOMAS XAVIER DOMBROWSKI; DANIEL ELBAUM; Edward J. Falkowski>; Jerzy Frankowski>; JOHN (REGENSTREIF) GATES; BOLESLAW KONSTANTINE GEBERT; Charlotte Geltosky<; Catherine Giermanski>; Detroit GLOS LUDOWY (The People's Voice newspaper); Friends of Glos Ludowy>; Waclaw Golanski>; ANTON GRABSKI; FRANK GRODZKI; John and Constance Haracz>; Wojciech Haracz<; Alexander Hertz>; Roman Hudzik>; Dr. Eugene Jasinski<; John Kanowski>; Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Kantor>; Dr. Anthony Karczmarczyk>; Alex Karozynski<; Prof. Ludwig Karpinski>; Alex Karwacki<; JOHN KIKULSKI; M. Kiski<; Vincent Klein>; Alice Kocel<; BEN KOCEL; CONRAD KOMOROWSKI; William Koskie<; JOSEPH KOWALSKI; Vincent Koziol<; Bronislaw Koziorowski<; F. Krupa<; WLADYSLAW KUCHARSKI; Jan Kujawa<; ADAM KUJTKOWSKI; S. Laikowski<; Oscar Lange>; Steven Lambrecht<; Prof. Tadeusz Malinowski>; P. Mandziuk<; Thad Mason<; Kazimierz Niemyjski<; CASIMIR THADDEUS NOWACKI; Stella & Vincent Nowacki>; Alice Nowak>; STANLEY NOWAK; Anna Nowakowska>; Stanislaw Nowakowski<; Stella Nowakowski<; Vincent and Mary Nowakowski>; Ben & Irene Okshea<; Rev. Stanislaus Orlemanski>; Anton Pasinski>; Walter Pasterczyk<; Dr. Abraham Penzik>; Stanley Perry<; ED PETROSKI; Irene Piotrowski<; HENRYK PODOLSKI; Zigmund Poplawsk<; Konstantin Przezdziecki>; Konstanty Przybylski>; TADEUSZ RADWANSKI; Marek Rotszyld<; Anthony Skora>; John W. Skrocki<; Waclaw Soyda>; JACK STACHEL; Arthur Szyk>; Prof. Waclaw Szymanowski>; Juljan Tuwim>; Walter Tycz<; Bronislaw Wojkowski<; Maria Wojkowski<; John A, Zaremba<; Prof. Bohdan Zawadcki>; John Zazuliak<; Prof. Ignace Zlotowski>; MARIA ZUK; THADDEUS ZYGMONT; John Zygmunt>. [Individuals came and left the CPUSA; only activists indentifiable]

< = Probably a member of CP for limited time;

Names in caps = undisputed member by admission.

> = Records reveal a "Fellow Traveler" for limited time.

H. Polish Jews

Introduction by Jaff Schatz, The Generation The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Communists of Poland (Berkeley: Univ of California press, 1991).

"They were revolutionaries, rebels, refugees, and soldiers, tailors, shoemakers, intellectuals, and apparatchicks, triumphant builders of communism and victims of its wrath. Their lives mirror five decades of the modern histories of communism, Poland and Jews. They were the generation of Polish-Jewish Communists."

"Sometimes in history there occur extraordinary generations, the formation of contemporaries shaped by huge historical processes of dramatic sociopolitical change. Through its unique intensity, the experience of such generations extracts and clearly exemplifies both great historical changes and the general existential conditions of the human predicament. Those whose time and path this book depicts formed such a generation. Having been both active subjects in large processes of social and political change and passive objects of winds and forces over which they had no influence, they embody the moral and existential dilemmas of human beings confronted with the ballast of existing conditions and institutions, yet seized by blazing visions of the future. The life path of this generation reflects and actualizes not only the unique and particular but also the universal and general: questions of ideology and politics, ethnicity and identity, morality and ethics, individual and collective formation, and the very idea of a generation."

"Three related considerations stimulated me in carrying out this project. First, there is the fact that despite the dramatic intensity that should have generated wide research interest, the life path of this generation has not been explored in general sociological or historical research. Left to be forgotten, it has continued to produce, or reproduce, powerful stereotypes, taboos, and prejudice, which in itself deserves a separate investigation. The lack of interest has also been apparent within the area of [substitute] Polish studies, where this important part of the modern [substitute] Polish experience has hardly been given systematic (and still less, empathic) attention. In the highly respected and cherished history of Polish ....., Polish .... Communists form a very much neglected chapter, depreciated and, if discussed at all, almost a priori negatively evaluated."

H. Msgr Rice's Anti-Communism

As a "critical admirer" of the CP during the Depression, one must bear in mind Msgr. Charles Owen Rice's "Confessions of an Anti-Communist" in Labor History, 1989. Msgr. Rice confessed, "The enemy we fought was real, not a phantom. We exaggerated the danger, we went overboard, we were unAmerican and uncharitable, we lost our perspective; but we were, for good or ill, rightly or wrongly fighting real live Communists.

"Why had the Communists the right to dissemble? The witch hunts and the

anti-Red hysteria. They had a right to believe what they wanted do what

they wanted just so long as it was legal, moral rather; and, because moral

and legal are not the same, they had a right, like the rest of us, to do

some things that were illegal, such as defy and violate legal segregation

of the races, or state and local anti-labor ordinances."

"The trouble with the Communists as enemies, so far as I and some of my allies were concerned, was that they were, mostly, rather good trade unionists (emphasis added); certainly they were when I was battling them."

"The Communists made a contribution (emphasis added), the real ones with a

capital "C," where the building the CIO was concerned, and the rebuilding

the AFL, for that matter. They provided skilled organizers who were

determined and idealistic and almost invariably very hard working (emphasis

added). It did not matter for many, perhaps most, their loyalty was first

to the Communist Party and secondarily to the trade union movement. That

hidden agenda! Did it hurt the 'cause' that much? I thought it did, but,

looking back, have to conclude it did not."

. "The CP were good organizers technically and in terms of spirt,

aggressiveness, and courage. They were, for the most part, on the right

side of battles legislative and social."

"What was wrong with them and their struggle? For one thing, too

sectarian and too merciless in battle. A lot of bodies left on the field.

I saw them destroy people who would not go along. They were formidable as

well as merciless; they wiped out slobs as well as worthy foes. … I was

just as tough as they were, and, God forgive me, as merciless, at least for

a while, until I got religion, so to speak."

"At least I did not make the mistake of calling an ordinary Socialist, of

whatever variety, a Communist and was reasonably precise in my attacks and

delations. Early I learned to distinguish who was who and what was what

among the left, and whacked only Communists. The Communists had many

virtues and had a record of accomplishments and distinguished struggles for

good causes (emphasis added)."

  I.    Reconciliation

Are Christians, in particular, bound to forgive? With the collapse of Communism in Europe, should we now engage in reconciliation with our brothers and sisters and accept them pursuant to the New Testament?