SOCIAL WASPS (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Polistinae, Vespinae) OF SIBERIA

V. V. Dubatolov

Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Frunze street, 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia

Based on the collections of the Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia), the ranges of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae, Vespinae) in Siberia and adjacent regions are outlined. Two species: Vespa dybowskii (Chita Area) and Dolichovespula omissa (Altai Mts.) are recorded in Siberia for the first time.
KEY WORDS: Vespidae, Vespinae, Polistinae, Siberia.
 

INTRODUCTION

The social wasps from the European part of the former USSR territory and in the Russian Far East are well known (Tobias, 1978; Kurzenko, 1995), while Siberia turned out to be poorly studied, particularly in its West and Central parts. To fill this gap, I tried to arrange a collection of this group in the Siberian Zoological Museum (SZMN) based on large formerly unstudied material comprising more than 1500 specimens of 27 species collected from the territory of the former USSR and few species from other countries. The bulk of specimens were occasionally collected in 1950-1990 by Prof. A. I. Tsherepanov, Prof. G. A. Zolotarenko, N. A. Violovich, Yu. P. Korshunov, A. Z. Ermolenko, V. K. Stroganova, A. V. Barkalov, V. V. Dubatolov, A. & R. Dudko, O. E. Kosterin, B. P. Zakharov, V. K. Zintshenko, D. V. Logunov, S. V. Vasilenko, and some others. Since 1996, a collecting of wasps became a priority task of the staff of our museum. Apart from the SZMN collections, we used the material from the Kurgan Pedagogical Institute (Kurgan, Russia), Ust'-Kamenogorsk Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan) and personal collections of I. A. Artemov (Novosibirsk).
This study covers the territory from the Urals Mts. and Kazakhtan Hill Land eastward to Yakutia and Transbaikalia. The common hornets from the area to the east of the territory at hand were carefully reviewed by N. V. Kurzenko (1995).

Subfamily Polistinae

Polistes (Polistella) snelleni (Sauss.).

NOTES. The Far Eastern species, in the studied area it was reported only in Transbaikalia (Buryatia and Chita Area) (Kurzenko, 1995), where, according to our material, the species inhabits the forest-steppe zone only (the Argun Basin).
MATERIALS. Chita Area: Chita District; Nerchinskii Zavod District.

Polistes (Polistes) dominulus (Christ) (=P. gallicus auct., nec. L.)

NOTES. A very rare species, recorded few times only in the steppe zone of West Siberia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Kurchum Range and District; Manrak Mts. Russia: Altaiskii Krai Area: Klyuchi.

Polistes (P.) biglumis (L.). (=P. chinensis auct., nec. F.).

NOTES. Rather common in South Siberia, occurred in the forest-steppe zone, but to the north reaches the southern part of the taiga (forest) zone. At the same time, the species range is poorly studied. It was recorded [Kurzenko, 1995] in Russia for the Caucasus, the Altai Mts., southern parts of the Irkutsk Area, Buryatia and the Amur Area. Also was reported for the Altai Mts. by I. A. Artemov (1987: sub. P. chinensis) (Artemov's specimens re-examined). V. I. Tobias (1978) erroneously identified this species as Polistes chinensis F. and recorded it for the southern and south-eastern parts of the European Part of the ex-USSR. I studied 3 females from the Astrakhan' Area (Akhtubinskii) and identified them as “P. chinensis F.” sensu V. I. Tobias [1978] reasoning from the yellow patches on the mandibulae and the black genae. These specimens were recognized to be identical to those from S. Siberia. Furthermore, according to N. V. Kurzenko [1995], P. biglumis L. can be diagnosed by the same set of characters. So, it is safe to say that this species occurs both southern part of Europe and throughout the Southern regions of whole Siberia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Zaisan Hollow, Kurchum District; Serebryansk vic.; Ulanskii (Nikitinka) District; Manrak Mts.; Zaisan District. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chebarkul. Novosibirsk Area: Novosibirsk; Maslyanino District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Kur'ya District; Pervomaiskii (Novoaltaiskoe) District. Altai Republic: Maima District; Ongudai District; Lake Teletskoe; the Chulyshman River; lower part of the Chuya River. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts.; Tashtagol District. Tuva: Kaa-Khem (Saryg-Sep) District; Tandy (Bai-Khaak) District; Pii-Khem (Turan) District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Chita Area: Nerchinskii Zavod; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.

Polistes (P.) nimpha (Christ)

NOTES. The most widely distributed species of the genus, occurring only in the southern parts of the forest-steppe and steppe zones, to the east of the Argun River basin in Transbaikalia. The males collected from the Chita Area, where the species is recorded for the first time, showed almost completely yellow tibia, without traces of black or red patches.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Serebryansk; Glubokoe; Kurchum Range and District; Zaisan HollowUlanskii (Nikitinka) District; Markakol' (Alekseevka) District. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Krasnoarmeiskii (Miasskoe) Districte. Kurgan Area: Kurgan; Tselinnoe District; Ketovo District. Tyumen Area: Tyumen District. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District, Om' River; Chulym District; Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii Distric. Altaiskii Krai Area: Charyshskoe District; the late Shadrino District (uezd); Petropavlovskoe District. Altai Republic: Shebalino District; Lake Teletskoe. Khakasia: Askiz District; Tashtyp District. Tuva: Kyzyl; Tandy (Bai-Khaak) District; Kaa-Khem District; Ovyur District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Buryatia: Selenga (Gusinoozersk) District; Ulan-Ude District. Chita Area: Chita; Kyra; Nerchinskii Zavod; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.

Polistes (P.) riparius Sk. et S. Yamane

NOTES. This is a recently described species from the East Asia (Yamane & Yamane, 1987). According to N. V. Kurzenko (1995), it has been recorded in Russia from the southern part of the Far East, Transbaikalia and Yakutia. Females of this species are very similar to those of P. nimpha Christ but differ in having the slightly longer clypeus, with the character being poorly marked so that females for the most part cannot be separated. Males of these species are distinguishable much better: middle and hind tibiae of P. riparius Sk. et S. Yamane always with black patches, sometimes completely black. Males of P. nimpha Christ show yellow middle and hind tibia, without black and red patches. That is why I included only males into the “Material studied” (see below). Based on the studied specimens, P. riparius Sk. et S. Yamane is distributed throughout the southern parts of West and Middle Siberia, with the westernmost point being the Kurgan Area; northwards it penetrates into the south taiga zone.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District. Novosibirsk Area: Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Petropavlovskoe District. Kemerovo District: Novokuznetsk District, Gornaya Shoriya Mts.. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Tuva. Chita Area: Onon District; Nerchinskii Zavod District; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.

Subfamily Vespinae

Vespa crabro L.

NOTES. Widely distributed in the forest zone; in West Siberia, it was recorded from the north taiga to the forest-steppe; in East Siberia, it was not found to the north of the Baikal Lake. In the steppe zone, it is very rare, there is a single observation in the Altaiskii Krai Area (Klyuchi) in field-protecting forest stripes; not found in the steppes of South-East Transbaikalia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 30 km NE of Ust'-Kamenogorsk; Serebryansk. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chebarkul' District. Kurgan Area: Kurgan District; Ketovo District; Polovinnoe District. Tyumen Area: Nizhnyaya Tavda District; Tyumen and vic. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk District: Novosibirsk; Moshkovo District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Klyuchi; the late Shadrino District (uezd); Kur'ya District; Charyshskoe District; Barnaul; Petropavlovskoe District. Altai Republic: Ust'-Koksa District; Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Krasnoyarsk Area: Nature Reserve “Stolby”. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod District.

Vespa dybowskii Andre

NOTES. In Siberia, it was first found by me in the Argun River basin in a larch-birch forest with participation of Quercus mongolicus, i. e. in the westernmost isolated relic forest of the Mongolian oak, which is thought to be an indicator species for the Mandshurian type communities.
MATERIALS. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod District: the Argun valley, 10 km S of Uryupino, 12 VIII 1996 (Dubatolov).

Vespula (Vespula) austriaca (Panz.)

NOTES. This rare species, which is a nest parasite of Vespula rufa L. (Kurzenko, 1995), was reported from the whole forest zone.
MATERIALS. Ekaterinburg Area: Irbit. Kurgan Area. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe. Tomsk Area: Asino; Kargasok District. Novosibirsk Area: NOVOSIBIRSK; Ordynskii District. Altai Republic: Shebalino District; Kosh-Agach District; Teletskoe Lake. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Krasnoyarsk Area: Podkamennaya Tunguska. Chita Area: Chita.

Vespula (V.) rufa (L.)

NOTES. One of the most widespread species. It is distributed from the northernmost forest plot Ary-Mas in the Taimyr Peninsula, southwards to the steppe zone, where restricted to forest localities.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area: Kurgan District; Ketovo District. Tyumen Area and Distric. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe; Nature Reserve “Yuganskii”. Omsk Area: Cherlak District. Tomsk Area: Asino; Kargasok District. Novosibirsk Area: Kargat District; Ubinskoe District; Krasnozerskoe District; Ordynskii District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk and vic.; Moshkovo District; Maslyanino. Altaiskii Krai Area: Barnaul; the late Shadrino District (uezd). Altai Republic: Turochak; Lake Teletskoe. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District, Gornaya Shoriya Mts.. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Taimyr: Nature Reserve “Taimyrskii”. Tuva: Pii-Khem (Turan) District; Kara-Khol'. Irkutsk Area: Kazachinsko-Lenskii (Kazachinskoe) District. Buryatia: Ulan-Ude District. Chita Area: Onon District; Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Yakutia: 232 km of the road from Khandyga to Magadan, upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River; 40 km low from Srednekolymsk.

Vespula (Paravespula) germanica (F.)

NOTES. Widely distributed and very common in South Siberia. N. V. Kurzenko (1995) did not recorded it for the whole Siberia territory, except of Transbaikalia; while formerly (Kurzenko, 1982) he published a nice distribution map of this species. In its distribution, it is northwards limited by the south taiga: Tobolsk, Krasnoyarsk in West Siberia and upper flow of the Shilka River in Transbaikalia (Kurzenko, 1982).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 30 km NE of Ust'-Kamenogorsk; Samarskoe District; Ulanskii (Nikitinka) District; Markakol' (Alekseevka) District. Russia: Kurgan Area: Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe) District; Lebyazh'e District; Lis'e; Kurgan; Kurtamysh District; Ketovo District. Tyumen Area: Tyumen and vic. Omsk Area: Omsk; Cherlak District. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk District. Novosibirsk Area: Karasuk; Kuibyshevo District; Novosibirsk. Altaiskii Krai Area: Zarinsk. Altai Republic: Shebalino District; Teletskoe Lake. Krasnoyarsk Area: Taseevo. Tuva: Bai-Taiga (Teli) District; Khemchik; Ulug-Khem (Shagonar) District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District; Erzin District. Buryatia: Kyakhta District. Chita Area: Chita; Onon District.

Vespula (P.) vulgaris (L.)

NOTES. One of the most widespread species in Siberia ranging from the forest-tundra to the steppes zone.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area: Lebyazh'e District; Ketovo District; Kurtamysh District. Tyumen District. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe; Nature Reserve “Yuganskii”. Tomsk Area: Tomsk; Kozhevnikovo District. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District; Om' River; Kargat District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk; 40 km E of Novosibirsk; Moshkovo District; Maslyanino. Altaiskii Krai Area: Kalmanka; Petropavlovskoe District; the late Shadrino District (uezd). Altai Republic: Gorno-Altaisk; Shebalino District; Ust'-Koksa District; Kosh-Agach District; Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo Area: Tyazhin District. Khakasia:  Tashtyp District. Krasnoyarsk Area: Nature Reserve “Stolby”. Tuva: Kyzyl; Ovyur (Khandagaity) District. Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”; Baikal; Selenginskii (Gusinoozersk) District; Ulan-Ude District; Kyakhta District. Chita Area: Chita; Kyra District; Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”; Onon district; Lake Zun-Torei; Gazimurovskii Zavod District. Yakutia: Yakutsk; upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan; 40 km low from Srednekolymsk.

Dolichovespula media (Retz.)

NOTES. Widespread throughout the whole forest zone of Siberia, from the forest-tundra to forest plots within the steppe zone. Recorded also from Yakutia (Kurzenko, 1995).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: Semipalatinsk Area: Kalguty. Russia: Kurgan Area: Kurgan District;, Ketovo District; Utyak; Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe) District. Tyumen Area and District. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District:  Oktyabr'skoe. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District. Tomsk. Novosibirsk Area: Krasnozerskoe District; Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii District; Novosibirsk. Altai Republic: Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts. Krasnoyarsk Area: Achinsk and vic.; Yenisei River, Verkhneimbatskoe. Tuva: Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Buryatia: Kyakhta District. Aginskii Buryat Autonomous District: the Nature Park “Alkhanai”. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Nerchinskii Zavod District.

Dolichovespula adulterina (Buyss.)

NOTES. It is a very rare species in Southern Siberia, but more common in the north and middle taiga. It ranges throughout the whole forest zone, from the forest-tundra south to the northern parts of the forest-steppe zone. Hitherto recorded from Buryatia (Kurzenko, 1995), it being reported by the same author as a nest parasite of D. saxonica (F.).
MATERIALS. Russia: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: the Polar Urals. Novosibirsk Area: Kolyvan' District. Yakutia: upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan.

Dolichovespula omissa (Bisch.)

NOTES. This is an European species, of which a single specimen was first found in Siberia in the Central Altai Mts., just on the Kazakhstan-Russia border. It is a nest parasite of D. sylvestris (Scop.) (Tobias, 1978).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan/Russia: the Altai Mts., the Listvyaga Range, near the Tesninskii Belok Mt., 2200 m, 27 VII 1997 (R. Dudko & Zintshenko); Russia: KHAKASIA - new locality, not cited in the paper!

Dolichovespula sylvestris (Scop.)

NOTES. Common in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of South Siberia; in the south taiga, it is much rarer. The species was not earlier recorded from West Siberia and was assumed (Kurzenko, 1995) to be restricted only to the south-eastern parts of Siberia, i.e. to the east of the Irkutsk Area.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Serebryansk; Katon-Karagai District; Glubokoe District; 20 km SE of Leninogorsk; Markakol' (Alekseevka) District; Zaisan Hollow; Tarbagatai District: Manrak Range; Zaisan District: Saur Range. Russia: Kurgan Area. Tyumen Area and District. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District; Maslyanino. Altaiskii Krai Area: Charyshskoe District. Altai Republic: Shebalino District. Kemerovo Area: Yurginskii District; Gornaya Shoriya. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Tuva: Tandy District; Ovyur District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District; Samagaltai; Pii-Khem (Turan) District. Buryatia: Ulan-Ude District; Kyakhta District. Chita Area: Onon District.

Dolichovespula pacifica (Birula)

NOTES. A poorly known boreal species, distributed from Norway and Sweden up to Russian Far East. A. Pekkarinen (1995) treated it as conspecific to the North American D. Norvericoides (Sladen), but according to latest check list of subfamily Vespinae of the World (Carpenter & Kojima, 1997) D. pacifica is considered as a separate species. In Siberia, D. pacifica was earlier recorded in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Altai Mts., Irkutsk Area, Buryat Republic, the northern parts of Chita Area and southern parts of the Magadan Area, as well as in East Kazakhstan and Kyrghyzstan (Pekkarinen, 1995; Kurzenko, 1995). The species is first recorded in the southern part of West Siberia and Tuva.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagai District; Zaisan Hollow: Saikan Mts. Russia: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: the Polar Urals. Omsk Area: Omsk. Novosibirsk Area: Novosibirsk. Krasnoyarsk Area: the Yenisei River, Verkhneimbatskoe; Podkamennaya Tunguska. Tuva: Tannu-Ola Mts. Irkutsk Area: 23 km S of Slyudyanka.

Dolichovespula norwegica (F.)

NOTES. A widely distributed boreal species being much common in high mountains and the North, where inhabits the northernmost forest plot in Taimyr (Ary-Mas). In the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia, it inhabits peat-moss raised bogs (“ryam”); sometimes penetrates into the steppe zone (for example, in the Chita Area), where it is rare and occurs in moist forest floodlands.
Material. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagai District; Katunskii Range; Markakol' (Alekseevka) District; Tarbagatai Range. Russia: Kurgan Area: Kurgan. Tyumen Area: Priural'sk; Tyumen. Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: Labytnangi; Shchuch'ya River; the Polar Urals. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District; Novosibirsk. Altai Republic: Tuskol'; Nature Reserve “Altaiskii”; Lake Teletskoe. Taimyr: between Noril'sk and Snezhnogorsk; the Laide River, a right tributary of the Malaya Kheta River; Nature Reserve “Taimyrskii”. Krasnoyarsk Area: the Yenisei River, Verkhneimbatskoe. Tuva: Ovyur (Khandagaity) District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Irkutsk Area:  Slyudyanka District. Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”. Chita Area: Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”; Onon District; Aleksandrovskii Zavod District. Yakutia: Yakutsk; the upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan.

Dolichovespula saxonica (F.)

NOTES. One of the most common and widespread species occurring from the forest-tundra to the steppe zone, where it is rare and inhabits forest localities only; recorded in North-Eastern Kazakhstan for the first time.
Material. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 1 worker, Ulanskii (Nikitinka) District: 20 km SE of Nikitinka. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chelyabinsk. Kurgan Area: Kurgan; Shchuch'e District; Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe) District. Tyumen Area: Tyumen District. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District. Novosibirsk Area: Krasnozerskoe District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk; Moshkovo District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Zarinsk. Altai Republic: Ongudai District; Lake Teletskoe; Nature Reserve “Altaiskii”. Kemerovo Area: Tyazhin; Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts.. Khakasia: Shira; Askiz District; Tashtyp District. Taimyr: between Noril'sk and Snezhnogorsk. Krasnoyarsk Area: East Sayan: the Kurtushibinskii Range. Tuva: Irbitei. Irkutsk Area: Irkutsk; Ust'-Kut District. Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”; Selenginskii (Gusinoozersk) District; Kyakhta District; the northern part of Baikal; the Witim table land. Aginskii Buryat Autonomous District: Nature Park “Alkhanai”. Chita Area: Chita; Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”; Onon District; Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Nerchinskii Zavod.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to all the colleagues who contributed to the materials mentioned in this paper, to D. Mil'ko (Bishkek, Kirghisia) for help with literature, to I. A. Artemov (Novosibirsk) for a possibility to examine his collection, to O. E. Kosterin (Novosibirsk) for the help with translation of the text into English; to N. V. Kurzenko and S. Y. Storozhenko (Vladivostok) for useful comments and editing the text. I am also grateful to N. A. Utkin (Kurgan) for sending materials of the Kurgan Pedagogical Institute for determination, to V. K. Zinchenko (Novosibirsk) and administration of Ust'-Kamenogorsk Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan) for a possibility to work with materials of this museum, and to V. A. Brinikh, a Director of Daurskii Nature Reserve for organization of a very fruitful expedition to the lower Argun' River valley.

REFERENCES

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