The Greeks & Romans identified hundreds.
Here are 180 Figures of Speech in the Bible.

1 Accismus or, Apparent Refusal (Mt.15:22-26). Apparent or assumed refusal.

2 Acrostichion or Acrostic (Ps.119). Repetition of the same or successive letters at the beginnings of words or clauses.

3 Aenigma or Enigma or Dark Saying (Gen.49:10; Judg.14:14). A truth expressed in obscure language.

4 Aetiologia or Cause Shown (Rom.1:16). Rendering a reason for what is said or done.

5 Affirmatio or Affirmation (Phil.1:18). Emphasizing words to affirm what no one has disputed.

6 Aganactesis or Indignation (Gen.3:13; Acts 13:10). An expression of feeling by way of indignation.

7 Allegory or Continued Comparison by Representation (Metaphor) (Gen.49:9; Gal.4:22,24), & Implication (Hypocatastasis) (Mt.7:3-5). Teaching a truth about one thing by substituting another for it which is unlike it.

8 Amoebaeon or Refrain (Ps.136). Repetition of the same phrase at the end of successive paragraphs.

9 Amphibologia or Double Meaning (Ezek.12:13). A word or phrase susceptible of 2 interpretations, both absolutely true.

10 Amphidiorthosis or Double Correction (1Cor.11:22). A correction setting right both hearer & speaker.

11 Ampliatio or Adjournment (Gen.2:23; 1Sam.30:5). A retaining of an old name after the reason for it has passed away.

12 Anabasis or Gradual Ascent (Ps.18:37,38). An increase of emphasis or sense in successive sentences.

13 Anachoresis or Regression (Eph.3:14). A return to the original subject after a digression.

14 Anacoenosis or Common Cause (1Cor.4:21). An appeal to others as having interests in common.

15 Anacoluthon or Non-Sequence (Gen.35:3; Mk.11:32). A breaking off the sequence of thought.

16 Anadiplosis or Like Sentence Endings & Beginnings (Gen.1:1,2; Ps.121:1,2). The word(s) concluding one sentence are repeated at the beginning of another.

17 Anamnesis or Recalling (Rom.9:3). An expression of feeling by way of recalling to mind.

18 Anaphora or Like Sentence Beginnings (Deut.28:3-6). Repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive sentences.

19 Anastrophe or Arraignment (Acts 7:48). The position of one word changed, so as to be out of its proper or usual place in a sentence.

20 Anesis or Abating (2Ki.5:1). The addition of a concluding sentence which diminishes the effect of what has been said.

21 Anteisagoge or Counter Question (Mt.21:23-25). The answering of one question by asking another.

22 Anthropopatheia or Condescension (Gen.1:2; 8:21, Ps.74:11; Jer.2:13; Hos.11:10). Ascribing to God what belongs to human & rational beings, irrational creatures, or inanimate things.

23 Anticategoria or Tu Quoque (Ezek.18:25). Retorting upon another the very insinuation or accusation he has made against us.

24 Antimereia or Exchange of Parts of Speech.

1. Of the Verb. The Verb used instead of some other part of speech (Gen.32:24; Lk.7:21).

2. Of the Adverb. The Adverb used instead of some other part of speech (Gen.30:33; Lk.10:29).

3. The adjective. The Adjective used instead of some other part of speech (Gen.1:9; Heb.6:17).

4. Of the Noun. The Noun used instead of some other part of speech (Gen.23:6; Jam.1:25).

25 Antimetabole or Counterchange (Gen.4:4,5; Isa.5:20). Word(s) repeated in reverse order thus opposing them to one another.

26 Antimetathesis or Dialogue (1Cor.7:16). A transference of speakers; as when the reader is addressed as if actually present.

27 Antiphrasis or Permutation (Gen.3:22). The use of a word or phrase in a sense opposite to its original signification.

28 Antiprosopopoeia or Anti-Personification (2Sam.16:9). Persons represented as inanimate things.

29 Antiptosis or Exchange of Cases (Ex.19:6 cp. 1Pet.2:9). One Case is put for another Case, the governing Noun being used as the Adjective instead of the Noun in regimen.

30 Antistrophe or Retort (Mt.15:26,27). Turning the words of a speaker against himself.

31 Antithesis or Contrast (Pr.15:17). A setting of one phrase in contrast with another.

32 Antonomasia or Name Change (Gen.31:21). The putting of a proper name for an Appellative or common Noun, or the reverse.

33 Aphaeresis or Front Cut (Jer.22:24). The cutting off of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word.

34 Apodioxis or Detestation (Mt.16:23). An expression of feeling by way of detestation.

35 Apophasis or Insinuation (Philem.1:19). When, professing to suppress certain matters, the writer adds the insinuation negatively.

36 Aporia or Doubt (Lk.16:3). An expression of feeling by way of doubt.

37 Aposiopesis or Sudden Silence. It may be associated with:

1. Some great promise (Ex.32:32).
2. Anger & threatening (Gen.3:22).
3. Grief & complaint (Gen.25:22; Ps.6:3).
4. Inquiry & deprecation (Jn.6:62).

38 Apostrophe. When the speaker turns away from the real auditory whom he is addressing to speak to another who may be:

1. God (Neh.6:9).
2. Men (2Sam.1:24, 25).
3. Animals (Joel 2:22).
4. Inanimate things (Jer.47:6).

39 Association or Inclusion (Acts 17:27). When the speaker associates himself with those whom he addresses, or of whom he speaks.

40 Asterismos or Indicating (Ps.133:1). Employing some word which directs special attention to some particular point or subject.

41 Asyndeton or No-Ands (Mk.7:21-23; Lk.14:13). The usual conjunction is omitted, so that the point to be emphasized may be quickly reached & ended with an emphatic climax (cp. Polysyndeton, & Lk.14:21).

42 Battologia or Vain Repetition (1Ki.18:26). Not used by the Holy Spirit: only by man.

43 Benedictio or Blessing (Gen.1:22,28; Mt.5:3-11). An expression of feeling by way of Benediction or blessing.

44 Brachylogia or Brachyology. A special form of Ellipsis (Gen.25:32). See #63 Ellipsis I. 3.

45 Catabasis or Gradual Descent (Phil.2:6-8). The opposite of Anabasis. Used to emphasize humiliation, sorrow, etc.

46 Catachresis or Incongruity. One word used for another, contrary to the ordinary usage & meaning of it.

1. Of 2 words, where the meanings are remotely akin (Lev.26:30).
2. Of 2 words, where the meanings are different (Ex.5:21).
3. Of one word, where the Greek receives its real meaning by permutation from another language (Gen.1:5; Mt.8:6).

47 Cataploce or Sudden Exclamation (Ezek.16:23). This name is given to a parenthesis when it takes the form of a sudden exclamation.

48 Chleuasmos or Mocking (Ps.2:4). An expression of feeling by mocking & jeering.

49 Chronographia or Description of Time (Jn.10:22). The teaching of something important by mentioning the time of an occurrence.

50 Climax or Gradation (2Pet.1:5-7). Anadiplosis repeated in successive sentences (see #16 "Anadiplosis").

51 Coenotes or Combined Repetition (Ps.118:8,9). Repetition of 2 different phrases, one at the beginning, & the other at the end of successive paragraphs.

52 Correspondence. This term is applied to the repetition of a subject or subjects, which reappear in varying order, thus determining the "Structure" of any portion of the Sacred Text. This Correspondence is found in the following forms:

1. Alternate. Where the subjects of the alternate members correspond with each other, either by way of similarity or contrast.

Extended. Where there are 2 series, but each consisting of several members (Ps.72:2-17; Ps.132).

Repeated. Where there are more than 2 series of subjects, either consisting of 2 members each (Ps.26; Ps.145), or consisting of more than 2 members each (Ps.24).

2. Introverted. Where the 1st subject of the one series of members corresponds with the last subject of the 2nd (Gen.43:3-5; Lev.14:51,52).

3. Complex or Combined. Where both Alternation & Introversion are combined together in various ways (Ex.20:8-11; Ps.105).

53 Cycloides or Circular Repetition (Ps.80:3,7,I9). Repetition of the same phrase at regular intervals.

54 Deisis or Adjuration (Deut.4:26). An expression of feeling by oath or asseveration.

55 Deprecatio or Deprecation (Ex.32:32). An expression of feeling by way of deprecation.

56 Dialogismos or Dialogue (Isa.63:1-6). When one or more persons are represented as speaking about a thing, instead of saying it oneself.

57 Diasyrmos or Raillery (Mt.26:50). Tearing away disguise, & showing up a matter as it really is.

58 Diexodos or Expansion (Jude 1:12,13). A lengthening out by copious exposition of facts.

59 Ecphonesis or Exclamation (Rom.7:24). An outburst of words prompted by emotion.

60 Eironeia or Irony. The expression of thought in a form that naturally conveys its opposite.

1. Divine Irony. Where the speaker is Divine (Gen.3:22; Judg.10:14).
2. Human Irony. Where the speaker is a human being (Job 12:2).
3. Peirastic Irony. By way of trying or testing (Gen.22:2).
4. Simulated Irony. Where the words are used by man in dissimulation (Gen.37:19; Mt.27:40).
5. Deceptive Irony. Where words are clearly false as well as hypocritical (Gen.3:4,5; Mt.2:8).

61 Ejaculatio or Ejaculation (Hos.9:14). A parenthesis which consists of a short wish or prayer.

62 Eleutheria or Candour (Lk.13:32). The speaker, without intending offence, speaks with perfect freedom & boldness.

63 Ellipsis or Omission. When a gap is purposely left in a sentence through the omission of some word(s).

I. Absolute Ellipsis. Where omitted word(s) are to be supplied from the nature of the subject.

Nouns & Pronouns (Gen.14:19,20; Ps.21:12).

Verbs & participles (Gen.26:7; Ps.4:2).

Certain connected words in the same member of a passage (Gen.25:32; Mt.25:9). Called Brachyology.

A whole clause in a connected. passage (Gen.30:27; 1Tim.1:3,4).

II. Relative Ellipsis.

Where the omitted word is to be supplied from a cognate word in the context (Ps.76:11).

Where the omitted word is to be supplied from a related or contrary word (Gen.33:10; Ps.7:11).

Where the omitted word is to be supplied from analogous or related words (Gen.50:23; Isa.38:12).

Where the omitted word is contained in another word, the one word comprising the 2 significations (Gen.43:33).

III. Ellipses of Repetition.

Simple: where the Ellipses is to be supplied from a preceding or a succeeding clause (Gen.1:30; 2Cor.6:16).

Complex: where the 2 clauses are mutually involved, & the Ellipses in the former clause is to be supplied from the latter; & at the same time, an Ellipses in the latter clause is to be supplied from the former (Heb.12:20).

64 Enantiosis or Contraries (Lk.7:44-46). Affirmation or negation by contraries.

65 Enthymema or Omission of Premiss (Mt.27:19). Where the conclusion is stated, & one or both of the premisses are omitted.

66 Epadiplosis or Double Encircling (Ps.47:6). Repeated Epanadiplosis (see #67).

67 Epanadiplosis or Encircling (Gen.9:3; Ps.27:14). Repetition of the same word(s) at the beginning & end of a sentence.

68 Epanalepsis or Resumption (1Cor.10:29; Phil.1:24). Repetition of the same word after a break or parenthesis.

69 Epanodos or Inversion (Gen.10:1-31; Isa.6:10). Repetition of the same word(s) in an inverse order, the sense being unchanged.

70 Epanorthosis or Correction (Jn.16:32). A recalling of what has been said in order to substitute something stronger in its place.

71 Epibole or Overlaid Repetition (Ps.29:3-5, 7-9). Repetition of the same phrase at irregular intervals.

72 Epicrisis or Judgment (Jn.12:33). A short sentence added at the end by way of an additional conclusion.

73 Epimone or Lingering (Jn.21:15-17). Repetition in order to dwell upon, for the sake of impressing.

74 Epiphonema or Exclamation (Ps.135:21). An exclamation at the conclusion of a sentence.

75 Epiphoza or Epistrophe in Argument (2 Cor.11:22). Repetition of the same word(s) at the end of successive sentences used in argument.

76 Epistrophe or Like Sentence-Endings (Gen.13:6; Ps.24:10). Repetition of the same word(s) at the end of successive sentences.

77 Epitasis or Amplification (Ex.3:19). Where a concluding sentence is added by way of increasing the emphasis.

78 Epitherapeia or Qualification (Phil.4:10). A sentence added at the end to heal, soften, mitigate, or modify what has been before said.

79 Epitheton or Epithet (Gen.21:16; Lk.22:41). The naming of a thing by describing it.

80 Epitimesis or Reprimand (Lk.24:25). An expression of feeling by way of censure, reproof, or approach.

81 Epitrechon or Running Along (Gen.15:13; Jn.2:89). A sentence, not complete in itself, thrown in as an explanatory remark. A form of Parenthesis (see #137).

82 Epitrochasmos or Summarizing (Heb.11:32). A running lightly over by way of summary.

83 Epitrope or Admission (Ecc.11:9). Admission of wrong, in order to gain what is right.

84 Epizeuxis or Duplication (Gen.22:11; Ps.77:16 ). Repetition of the same word in the same sense.

85 Erotesis or Interrogating (Gen.13:9; Ps.35:10). The asking of questions, not for information, or for an answer. Such questions may be asked in: (1) positive affirmation; (2) negative affirmation; (3) affirmative negation; (4) demonstration; (5) wonder & admiration; (6) rapture; (7) wishes; (8) refusals & denials; (9) doubts; (10) admonition; (11) expostulation; (12) prohibition or dissuasion; (13) pity & commiseration; (14) disparagement; (15) reproaches; (16) lamentation; (17) indignation; (18) absurdities & impossibilities; (19) double questions.

86 Ethopoeia or Description of Manners (Isa.3:16). Description of a person’s peculiarity of manners, caprices, habits, etc.

87 Euche or Prayer (Isa.64:1,2). An expression of feeling by way of prayer, curse, or imprecation.

88 Euphemismos or Euphemism (Gen.15:15). A pleasing expression is used for one that is unpleasant.

89 Exemplum or Example (Lk.17:32). Concluding a sentence by employing an example.

90 Exergasia or Working Out (Zech.6:12,13). Repetition so as to work out or illustrate what has already been said.

91 Exouthenismos or Contempt (2Sam.6:20). An expression of feeling by way of contempt.

92 Gnome or Quotation The citation of a well-known saying without quoting the author’s name.

1. Where the sense originally intended is preserved, though the words may vary (Mt.26:31).
2. Where the original sense is modified in the quotation or reference (Mt.12:40).
3. Where the sense is quite different from that which was 1st intended (Mt.2:15).
4. Where the words are from the Hebrew or from the Septuagint (Lk.4:18).
5. Where the words are varied by omission, addition, or transposition (1Cor.2:9).
6. Where the words are changed by a reading, or an inference, or in number, person, mood, or tense (Mt.4:7).
7. Where 2 or more citations are amalgamated (Mt.21:13).
8. Where quotations are from books other than the Bible (Acts 17:28).

93 Hendiadys or Two for One (Gen.2:9; Eph.6:18). Two words used, but one thing meant.

94 Hendiatris or Three for One (Dan.3:7). Three words used, but one thing meant.

95 Hermeneia or Interpretation (Jn.7:39). An explanation immediately following a statement to make it more clear.

96 Heterosis or Exchange of Accidence. Exchange of one voice, mood, tense, person, number, degree, or gender for another.

1. Of forms & voices (1Pet.2:6).
2. Of moods (Gen.20:7; Ex.20:8).
3. Of tenses (Gen.23:11; Mt.3:11).
4. Of persons (Gen.29:27; Dan.2:36).
5. Of adjectives & (degree) & adverbs (2Tim.1:18).
6. Of nouns (number), adjectives, & pronouns (Gen.3:8; Heb.10:28).
7. Of gender (Gen.2:18; Heb.7:7).

97 Homoeoptoton or Like Inflections (2Tim.3:2,3). Similar endings arising from the same inflections of verbs, nouns, etc. This figure belongs peculiarly to the original languages.

98 Homoeopropheron or Alliteration (Judg.5). Repetition of the same letter or syllable at the commencement of successive words.

99 Homoeoteleuton or Like Endings (Mk.12:30). Repetition of the same letters or syllables at the end of successive words. Used also of an omission in the text caused by like endings: the scribe’s eye going back to the latter of similar words, instead of the former. See Josh.2:1.

100 Hypallage or Interchange (Gen.10:9; 1Ki.17:14). A word logically belonging to one connection is grammatically united with another.

101 Hyperbaton or Transposition (Rom.5:8). Placing of a word out of its usual order in a sentence.

102 Hyperbole or Exaggeration (Gen.41:47; Deut.1:28). More is said than is literally meant.

103 Hypocatastasis or Implication (Mt.15:13; 16:6). Implied resemblance or representation.

104 Hypotimesis or Under Estimating (Rom.3:5). Parenthetic addition by way of apology or excuse.

105 Hypotyposis or Word Picture (Isa.5:26-30). Representation of objects or actions by words.

106 Hysteresis or Subsequent Narration (Gen.31:7,8; Ps.105:18). When a later record gives supplemental or new particulars, not inserted in the historical record.

107 Hysterologia or The First Last (Gen.10 & 11; 2Sam.24). Prior mention of a subsequent event.

108 Idioma or Idiom. The peculiar usage of words & phrases, as illustrated in the language peculiar to one nation or tribe, as opposed to other languages or dialects.

1. Idiomatic usage of verbs (Gen.42:38; 1Jn.1:10).
2. Special idiomatic usages of nouns & verbs (Gen.33:11; Jer.15:16).
3. Idiomatic degrees of comparison (Lk.22:15).
4. Idiomatic use of prepositions (Lk.22:49).
5. Idiomatic use of numerals (Ps.108:5).
6. Idiomatic forms of quotations (Ps.109:5).
7. Idiomatic forms of question (Lk.22:49).
8. Idiomatic phrases (Gen.6:2,4; Mt.11:25).
9. Idioms arising from other figures of speech.
10. Changes of usage of words in the Greek language (Gen.43:18; Mt.5:25).
11. Changes of usage of words in the English language (Gen.24:21; 2Ki.3:9).

109 Interjectio or Interjection (Ps.42:2). Parenthetic addition by way of feeling.

110 Maledictio or Imprecation (Isa.3:11). Expression of feeling by way of malediction & execration.

111 Meiosis or a Belittling (Gen.18:27; Num.13:33). Belittling one thing to magnify another.

112 Merismos or Distribution (Rom.2:6-8) Enumeration of the parts of a whole just previously mentioned.

113 Mesarchia or Beginning & Middle Repetition (Ecc:1:2). Repetition of the same word(s) at the beginning & middle of successive sentences.

114 Mesodiplosis or Middle Repetition (2 Cor.4:8,9). Repetition of the same word(s) in the middle of successive sentences.

115 Mesoteleuton or Middle & End Repetition (2Ki.19:7). Repetition of the same word(s) in the middle & end of successive sentences.

116 Metabasis or Transition (1Cor.12:31). Passing from one subject to another.

117 Metalepsis or Double Metonymy (Gen.19:8; Ecc.12:6; Hos.14:2). Two metonymies, one contained in the other, but only one expressed.

118 Metallage or a Changing Over (Hos.4:18). Different subject of thought substituted for original subject.

119 Metaphor or Representation (Mt.26:26). Declaration that one thing is (or represents) another: while Simile resembles it, & Hypocatastasis implies it.

120 Metastasis or Counter-Blame (1Ki.18:17,18). Transferring of blame from one’s self to another.

121 Metonymy or Change of Noun. When one name or noun is used instead of another, to which it stands of the:

1. Cause. When the cause is put for the effect (Gen.23:8; Lk.16:29).
2. Effect. When the effect is put for the cause producing it (Gen.25:23; Acts 1:18).
3. Subject. When the subject is put for something pertaining to it (Gen.41:13, Deut.28:5).
4. Adjunct. When something pertaining to the subject is put for the subject itself (Gen.28:22; Job 32:7).

122 Mimesis or Description of Sayings (Ex.16:9). Used when the sayings, etc., of another are described or imitated by way of emphasis.

123 Negatio or Negation (Gal.2:5). Denial of that which has not been affirmed.

124 Oeonismos or Wishing (Ps.55:6). Expression of feeling by way of wishing or hoping for a thing.

125 Oxymoron or Wise-Folly (1Tim.5:6). Wise saying that seems foolish.

126 Paesnismos or Exultation (Zeph.3:14). Calling on others to rejoice over something.

127 Palinodia or Retracting (Rev.2:6). Approval of one thing after reproving another thing.

128 Parabola or Parable, i.e. Continued Simile (Lk.14:16-24). Comparison by continued resemblance.

129 Paradiastole or Neither & Nor (Ex.20:10; Rom.8:35,38,39). Repetition of the disjunctives neither & nor, or either & or.

130 Paraeneticon or Exhortation (1Tim.2). Expression of feeling by way of exhortation.

131 Paraleipsis or Passing By (Heb.11:32). When a wish is expressed to pass by a subject, which is, notwithstanding, briefly alluded to subsequently.

132 Parallelism or Parallel Lines. Repetition of similar, synonymous, or opposite thoughts or words in parallel or successive lines. Cp. "Correspondence".

1. Simple synonymous, or gradational. Lines are parallel in thought, & in use of synonymous words (Gen.4:23,24; Ps.1:1).
2. Simple antithetic, or opposite. Words are contrasted in the 2 or more lines being opposed in sense one to the other (Pr.10:1).
3. Simple synthetic, or constructive. Parallelism consists only in the similar form of construction (Ps.19:7-9).
4. Complex alternate. Lines are placed alternately (Gen.19:25; Pr.24:19,20).
5. Complex repeated alternation. Repetition of the 2 parallel subjects in several lines (Isa.65:21,22).
6. Complex extended alternation. Alternation extended so as to consist of 3 or more lines (Judg.10:17).
7. Complex introversion. Lines placed where the 1st corresponds with the last, the 2nd with the last but one, etc. (Gen.3:19; 2Chron.82:7,8).

133 Parecbasis or Digression (Gen.2:8-15). Temporary turning aside from one subject to another.

134 Parechesis or Foreign Paronomasia (Rom.10:4). Repetition of words similar in sound, but different in language

135 Paregmenon or Derivation (Mt.16:18). Repetition of words derived from the same root.

136 Parembole or Insertion (Phil.3:18,19). Insertion of a sentence between others which is independent & complete in itself.

137 Parenthesis or Parenthesis (2Pet.1:19). Insertion of a word or sentence, usually to explain the context.

138 Paroemia or Proverb (Gen.10:9; 1Sam.10:12). A wayside-saying in common use.

139 Paromoeosis or Like-Sounding Inflections (Mt.11:17). Repetition of inflections similar in sound.

140 Paronomasia or Rhyming Words (Gen.18:27). Repetition of words similar in sound, but not necessarily in sense.

141 Pathopoeia or Pathos (Lk.19:41,42). Expression of feeling or emotion.

142 Periphrasis or Circumlocution (Gen.20:16; Judg.5:10). When a description is used instead of the name.

143 Peristasis or Description of Circumstances (Jn.4:6).

144 Pleonasm or Redundancy. Where what is said is immediately after put in another or opposite way to make it impossible for the sense to be missed. The Figure may affect words (Gen.16:8), or sentences (Gen.1:20; Deut.32:6).

145 Ploke or Word-Folding (Jer.34:17). Repetition of the same word in a different sense, implying more than the 1st use of it.

146 Polyonymia or Many Names (Gen.26:34,35; 2Ki.23:13). Persons or places mentioned under different names.

147 Polyptoton or Many Inflections. Repetition of the same part of speech in different inflections.

1. Verbs (Gen.50:24; 2Ki.21:13).
2. Nouns & pronouns (Gen.9:25; Rom.11:36).
3. Adjectives (2Cor.9:8).

148 Polysyndeton or Many Ands (Gen.22:9,11; Josh.7:24; Lk.14:21). Repetition of "and" at the beginning of successive clauses each independent, important, & emphatic, with no climax at the end. (Compare #41 Asyndeton & Lk.14:13.)

149 Pragmatographia or Description of Actions (Joel 2:1-11).

150 Proecthesis or Justification (Mt.12:12). A sentence added at the end by way of justification.

151 Prolepsis (Ampliatio) or Anticipation (Heb.2:8). Anticipating what is going to be, & speaking of future things as present.

152 Prolepsis (Occupatio) or Anticipation. Answering an argument by anticipating it before it is used.

1. Open. Anticipated objection is answered & stated (Mt.8:9).
2. Closed. Anticipated objection is not plainly stated or answered (Rom.10:18).

153 Prosapodosis or Detailing (Jn.16:8-11). Return to previous words or subjects for purposes of definition or explanation.

154 Prosopographia or Description of Persons (Mt.3:4). Vivid description of a person by detailed delineation.

155 Prosopopoeia or Personification. Things represented as persons.

1. Members of the human body (Gen.48:14; Ps.35:10).
2. Animals (Gen.9:5; Job 12:7).
3. Products of the earth (Nah.1:4).
4. Inanimate things (Gen.4:10).
5. Kingdoms, countries, & states (Ps.45:12).
6. Human actions, etc. attributed to things, etc. (Gen.18:20; Ps.85:10).

156 Protherapeia or Conciliation (Mt.19:16). Conciliating others by way of precaution, because of something we are about to say.

157 Protimesis or Description of Order (1Cor.16:5-8). Enumeration of things according to their places of honour or importance.

158 Repeated Negation or Many Noes (Jn.10:28). Repetition of negatives.

159 Repetitio or Repetition (2Chron.20:35-37); Jn.14:1-4). Repetition of the same word(s) irregularly in the same passage.

160 Simile or Resemblance (Gen.25:25; Mt.7:24-27). Declaration than one thing resembles another. (Cp. #119 Metaphor.)

161 Simultaneum or Insertion (Rev.16:13-16). A kind of historical parenthesis. An event being put out of its historical place between 2 others which are simultaneous.

162 Syllepsis or Combination (2Chron.31:8). Repetition of the sense without the repetition of the word.

163 Syllepsis or Change in Concord (Jn.21:12). Change in the grammatical concord in favour of a logical concord.

164 Syllogismus or Omission of the Conclusion (1Sam.17:4-7). The conclusion, though implied, is unexpressed, in order to add emphasis to it.

165 Symbol (Isa.22:22). A material object substituted for a moral or spiritual truth.

166 Symperasma or Concluding Summary (Mt.1:17). When what has been said is briefly summed up.

167 Symploke or Intertwining (1Cor.15:42-44). Repetition of different words in successive sentences in the same order & sense.

168 Synathroesmos or Enumeration (1Tim.4:1-3). Enumeration of the parts of a whole which has not been mentioned.

169 Synchoresis or Concession (Hab.1:13). Making a concession of one point to gain another.

170 Syncrisis or Repeated Simile (Isa.32:2). Repetition of a number of resemblances.

171 Synecdoche or Transfer. The exchange of one idea for another associated idea.

1. Of the Genus. When the genus is put for the species, or universals for particulars (Gen.6:12; Mt.3:5).
2. Of the Species. When the species is put for the genus, or particulars for universals (Gen.8:19; Mt.6:11).
3. Of the Whole. When the whole is put for a part (Gen.6:12).
4. Of the Part. When a part is put for the whole (Gen.3:19; Mt.27:4).

172 Synoeceiosis or Cohabitation (Mt.19:16,17). Repetition of the same word in the same sentence with an extended meaning.

173 Synonymia or Synonymous Words (Pr.4:14,15). Repetition of words similar in sense but different in sound & origin.

174 Syntheton or Combination (Gen.18:27). Placing together of 2 words by usage.

175 Tapeinosis or Demeaning (Gen.27:15; Rom.4:19). Lessening of a thing to increase & intensify that same thing. (Cp. #111 Meiosis.)

176 Thaumasmos or Wondering (Rom.11:33). Expression of feeling by way of wonder.

177 Tmesis or Mid-Cut (Eph.6:8). A change by which one word is cut in half & another word put in between.

178 Topographia or Description of Place (Isa.10:28-32). Throwing light on the subject dealt with by alluding to locality.

179 Type (Rom.5:14). A figure or example of something future, & more or less prophetic called the Antitype.

180 Zeugma or Unequal Yoke. When one verb is yoked to 2 subjects, while grammatically a 2nd verb is required.

1. Protozeugma or Ante-yoke or Fore-yoke (Gen.4:20; 1Tim.4:3).
2. Mesozeugma or Middle yoke (Lk.1:64).
3. Hypozeugma or End yoke (Acts 4:27,28).
4. Synezeugmenon or Joint yoke (Ex.20:18).

See: http://www.godstruthfortoday.org/Library/bullinger/FiguresOfSpeech.html

http://www.godstruthfortoday.org/Library/knoch/FiguresOfSpeech.htm

http://www.godstruthfortoday.org/Library/bullinger/app6.html