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Material to study from may also be found in your book on chapters 1, 2, 5, 19,
and the reference section in the back of your book.

States of matter:

A solid has a

definite volume and shape and can not flow at room temperature.

A liquid has a

definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container at room temperature.

A gas has no

definite volume (it can be compressed), but it will take the shape of its container at room temperature.

Plasma is a state of matter

you will study next year, but for now you should know that is really hot, like the sun.

The state of matter can be changed by

adding or removing heat. Example ** You could melt an ice cube by adding heat.

Solutions:
A solution is usually water and	something else, like salt, that disappears when mixed into water.
A saturated solution is a solution that	could not hold all of the stuff put in it (like salt), so the extra stuff goes to the bottom.
A supersaturated solution can	absorb more than usual when it is heated up.

Scientific Method:
A hypothesis is an	educated guess.
A theory in science is	a conclusion that is excepted by credible scientists based on data and observations. It is not an opinion and "stronger" than a hypothesis.
A law in science is	something that is fact and has stood up to testing for years and probably always will. There are not a lot of laws, and they are definitely not opinions. Laws are "stronger" than a hypothesis and a theory. Example: The law of gravity. Things more dense than air/water will fall toward the center of the earth unless acted upon by another object or force.
A conclusion is based on	observations and data gained through testing.
A variable is	what is to be tested. Ideally you would have one variable to be tested.
Controls are	things that remain constant/controlled throughout the experiment. You have the same conditions except for the thing being tested.

Heat:
Water boils at	100 degree Celsius at sea level. (212 degrees Fahrenheit.)
In higher elevations water boils	at a lower temperature, like Denver.
Water melts or freezes at	0 degrees Celsius. (32 degrees Fahrenheit.)
Water expands when	it is frozen and can burst your water pipes, heave your sidewalk, bust your engine block, etc.
Heat is	a quantity. Lake Michigan has a lot of heat, but it is usually low in temperature. Lake Michigan has enough heat to melt icebergs.
Temperature is	a specific degree of "hotness or coldness" as indicated on to a standard scale. A cup of boiling water may have a lot of temperature, but it could not melt iceberg because it does not have enough heat.
Metal expands as the temperature	increases.
Metal contracts as temperature	decreases.

Density:
Density is	the amount of mass divided by the volume.
The density of water is	one g/ml.
Matter denser than water's 1.0 g/ml	will sink in water.
Things less dense than water's 1.0 g/ml	will float.

Measurement:
Mass is measured in	grams.
A balance is used to measure	mass in grams.
Temperature is measured in	degrees Celsius.
A thermometer is used to measure	temperature in degrees Celsius.
Liquid volume is measured in	milliliters.
A beaker and graduated cylinder are used to measure	liquid volume in milliliters.

Length is measured in	centimeters and meters.
A meter stick is used to measure	length in centimeters or meters.

Click here to return to the main page.

States of matter:
A solid has a	definite volume and shape and can not flow at room temperature.
A liquid has a	definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container at room temperature.
A gas has no	definite volume (it can be compressed), but it will take the shape of its container at room temperature.
Plasma is a state of matter	you will study next year, but for now you should know that is really hot, like the sun.
The state of matter can be changed by	adding or removing heat. Example ** You could melt an ice cube by adding heat.