Note: The following links will be referred to by their respective serial numbers:
1. - http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/comments/2-4/2-4.htm
2a. - http://geocities.datacellar.net/ghitis.geo/TIME-SPACE.html
2b. - http://geocities.datacellar.net/ghitis.geo/MATTER.html
2c. - http://geocities.datacellar.net/ghitis.geo/UMBILICUS1.html
2d. - http://geocities.datacellar.net/ghitis.geo/UMBILICUS3.html
2e. - http://geocities.datacellar.net/ghitis.geo/UMBILICUS4.html
3. - http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/articles/2-3/jghitis-pub.htm
DEFINITIONS
Gravity is a pulling force, which may be analogized with the vacuum effect. But while suction acts mechanically and unilaterally upon the inertia of whatever is aspirated, gravity acts by means of fields of force of interacting bodies. For vacuum to act freely, the space evacuated must be replaced equivalently. Gravity sets no conditions, because it is intrinsic to mass. The field it creates is not observable, being imaginatively derived from the observable magnetic field. It is as if the gravity field of separate bodies acted mutually and reciprocally upon another intrinsic quality of mass, which is denominated inertia.
Inertia, if so, is then "natural antigravity." An object is made up of molecules whose individual inertias have --by several means-- coalesced into a single body. Inertia is a force that prevents the lumping together of all mass by the force of gravity. Gravity and inertia are properties of mass in proportionally equal strength, being manifested when interacting with other masses.
There is a basic difference between these two forces: gravity is believed to act by means of a field of force whose lines are presumable composed of attracting "gravitons," while I posit that inertia is expressed by a field of "antigravitons." However, this is not a repelling but a parrying force or field. It has been taken for granted that celestial bodies are not lumped together, without asking ourselves why. Inertia is the "antilumping" force. At the quantum realm, gluons are said to be the entities that maintain the gravitationally induced lumping that makes protium, while mesons maintain the thermogravitationally induced lumping that makes heavier atoms.
The antilumping principle works in biology with the red blood cells. They repel each other, through an electrostatically negative force called "zeta potential." Once it is neutralized by protamine being added to the test tube, the RBCs agglutinate (clump), until saline is added, which indicates that protamine did not act through chemical bonding. This biological phenomenon shows the coexistence in a body of externally directed (physico-chemically-effected) repulsion-attraction forces.
Momentum is the kinetic energy of mass in movement, while inertia is a force/field present also in static bodies. A body in movement, but not toward a gravitational attractor, acts as if its inertia is increased, thus becoming less affected by gravity. This means that heavier and faster moving objects are less subject to gravity pull. The Moon has a significant gravitational pull on Earth, and the obverse even more, yet the moon stays there because of its inertial field and velocity. Lesser-inertial orbiting celestial bodies should be closer to their "orbiter", unless they are still quite young since their formation by means of the gravitational lumping that accreted their component dust. Also, if they happen to be pieces of rock from other celestial bodies, as I posit happens to be the case of Pluto. In this latter case, the moving rock's inertia, which may be equated to its momentum unaffected by g, prevents it from further gravitational "slavery" by the Sun. Big Bang (B.B.) is a complex postulate explaining the Universe's creation from a fiery explosion of a primordial object the size of a pin's point or a grapefruit. The basic flaws of such postulate are the impossibility of accepting that heat and light could exist before matter was created, and that it glosses over why most of the hydrogen remained unaffected.
Big Expansion (B.E.) is the name I suggest for ideas expressed by others and independently by myself, postulating a cold and dark expansion of a Primal Singularity. It is my purpose to further delve on this postulate, in as a concise manner as possible, being the subject so complex.
I am mostly moved by my personal negative reaction to certain concepts. The very idea of a "dark" energy unattached to mass is repellent. I have suggested on good basis, that dark matter is hydrogen whose electrons are "dormant" (1). I will now offer an explanation for the increasing expansion rate of the Universe, allowing for the irrelevancy of suggestions on vacuum energy, quintessence, dark energy and a cosmological (lambda) constant. Lately, opinions from expert theorists hint of kabbalistic stuff, such as the "something from nothing" ("Yesh meayin" in Hebrew, "Creatio ex nihilum" in Latin, "Virtual particles fleetingly popping up," in English). Also, an anthropocentric ("anthropic") twist supposes that the universe is changing, --perhaps not coincidentally-- with the appearance of H. sapiens. Such idea revives the Sophist's saying, "Man is the measure of all things." Variables have also been proposed, which can adapt themselves or ought to be maneuvered, so that the universe can be explained the way it happens to be.
The explanation of the very existence of the Universe gave rise to different myths of creation by widely separated peoples' minds since the beginning of abstract thought. I have published some ideas on why it is not possible to know the true explanation (2). The following is my up-to-date view of cosmogony:
Instantly after the beginning, the Primal Singularity exploded silently, coldly and darkly. Pairs of Primal Particles (Physical Vibrations, PVs) scattered in all directions, opening space. Soon these particles coalesced into groups of concentric clouds of protium, which gave rise to stars, galaxies, and succesively more complex clusters of hot and luminous bodies. Most of the protium clouds remained intact between the galaxies. All layers of such complex bodies obeyed the newly created laws of physics, according to their relative position in space. Those at the fringes were the fastest ones, impulsed by the jetlike energy of their component stars, accelerating as they became constantly less reined in by their neighbors at their sides and behind.
Such is, in a nutshell, is what has happened since some 15 billion years ago up to the moment of this writing.
What next?
I posited that all energy derives from the spin of the PVs, and that the gravitational force is the result of the opposite spins of electrons and positrons inside the quarks (3). I posit now that the spinning electrons effect the gravity field, while the spinning positrons effect the just posited inertial field. These fields are influenced by the localization of the bodies in relation to the periphery of the universe.BR> The not unreasonable proposal of spin as the source of all energy and as the creator of fields serves as a unifying bridge in theoretics, and as explanatory of the spin's existence.
It was proposed a long time ago that the graviry law of inverse squares fails at a certain distance, and I accept this, on the basis of "critical points" of a physical property. There ought to be a constant value that correlates the inertia of an orbiting body, expressed as angular momentum, with the distance from its attractors.
I have posited that the amount of mass present in the primal singularity that gave rise to the B.E. dictates the ultimate volume of the universe. It is not difficult to envision that nearing that limit, the frontier galaxies will mostly have become huge black holes, thus increasing their gravitational pull on the galaxies following behind, which will join them to succesively augment the effect on the following ones. Irremisively, space will close down as the centripetal gravity returns the universe to the original state of the primal singularity. The universe, if a closed system, will always contain the same amount of mass and energy.
As the last black hole is accreted, the density of the mass will reach the critical point when the centripetal pressure compresses it to its final state, which constituted the original primal singularity. Its volume can not be imagined, because space has ceased to exist at the very moment of such implosion, volume thus becoming a meaningless concept. The singularity ceases to be made of just compacted matter, because matter is fractured into its original constituents, and the singulatity becomes a conglomerate of Primal Particle pairs (Physical Vibrations, PVs). Without a lapse, again a singular explosion --not fiery but silent, cold and dark, i.e., an expansion-- will follow the implosion, space and volume again acquiring meaning, and time starting a new cicle. The absorbed crushing gravitational energy will now revert from implosive to explosive, scattering the primal particle pairs of the singularity in all directions. These PVs subsequently accrete --by centripetal gravitational pressure-- to become, first nonmaterial mass (nm) with its spin energy, and then protium and some deuterium. Matter (M), made of material mass (m) and potential atomic energy (E) will thus be created anew, allowing gravitational pressure to form helium and derivative binding gluons. Entropy of the first kind will again announce its arrival as follows. In the fusional process that creates stars, part of the parental hydrogen mass (m) reverts to protomass (pm), i.e., PVs, while its associated potential atomic energy (E) becomes photonic energy (pE), which is actually electricity with its associated electromagnetic properties, giving rise to photons (3). Time, as we are capable of conceiving it now, restarts at that moment, as a dimension of energy.
The electrons of most of the formed hydrogen will remain dormant waiting the signal to activate and become new star fuel, thus constituting "dark" matter, detectable only by its gravitational virtues. The Universe becomes anew a well-defined system, in which the electromagnetic radiations --particularly microwaves-- play the role of messengers and supervisors, surveying all the universe's ambits, waking as needed dormant hydrogen electrons, and transporting and delivering energy and matter to the electrons of all recipient atoms.
For the frst time, it will become true that matter and energy are not destroyed, only transformed back and forth.