BLACK HAWK & SON

The Indian signatories to the Treaty of 1804 (or St. Louis) had no authority to speak for the entire tribe. The Indians' compensation was pitiful; one historian called it a collection of "wet groceries and gewgaws." As young West Pointer George McCall put it, the fact that the white men had simply stolen the Sac & Fox land "was apparent to the most obtuse".

Black Hawk always maintained that the four Tribal members did not have the authority to treaty with the Americans and they were made drunk and did not realize the extent of their actions. The War Chief suspected the Americans said one thing but put something else down on paper. This portraiture of Black Hawk and his son, Whirling Thunder, by Jarvis was painted from life and is part of the Gilcrest Collection©.

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