• QARO, Joseph Ben Ephraim (1488-1575).  Jewish jurist.  He was expelled from Spain in 1492 and lived from 1525 until his death at Safed Palestine.  He was the codifier of the Jewish law. His chief work, the Table Prepared, a very strict code which exerted influence down to the 19th centurey,and on  the more orthodox Jews.
• QUAIN, Sir Richard (1816-98).  Irish physician.  He was physician to the Brompton chest hospital, 1855-75, president of the general medical council, 1891,  made a baronet, editor of the Dictionary of Medicine, 1882.
• QUAIN, Richard (1800-87).  president of the Royal College of Surgeons 1868.
• QUAIN, Jones (1796-1865).  Author of the Elements of Descriptive and Prractical Anatomy, 1828.
• QUARITCH, Bernard (1819-99).  British bookseller.  Started selling second-hand books, moving his business to Piccadilly in 1860 where his business became one of the chief book buying centres of the world, issuing valuable catalogues of old books and publishing many learned works.
• QUARLES,  Francis (1592-1644).  English poet.  Cup-bearer to Elizabeth of Bohemia in 1613, and secretary to Archbishop Ussher in Ireland 1620-33.  Chronologer to the city of London from 1639 until his death. Best remembered for his Emblems and his prose work Enchiridion 1641.
• QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, Jean Louis Armand De (1810-92).  French anthropologist.  Professor of anatomy and ethnology at the Natural History Museum, Paris, 1855.  Publications - The Polynesians and their Migrations, 1806; Atlas of Human Crania, f1875-82; Metamorphoses of Man and the Lower Animals, 1864; The Prussian Race, 1872; The Human Species, 1879; The Pygmies, 1895.
• QAUATREMERE,  Etienne Marc (1782-1857).  French Orientalist.  Professor of Greek at rouen, 1809, and of Hebrew at the College de France, 1819, and professor of Persian 1838.  He was the first to prove the derivation of Coptic from ancient Egyptian.
• QUEENSBERRY, William Douglas, 4th Duke of (1724-1810).  He was representative peer for Scotland from 1761-84, became Duke of Queensberry 1788.  Created a peer of Britain in 1786.  Lord of the bedchamber to George III from f1760-1789, losing this position when he supported the Prince of Wales in opposition.
• QUESNAY, Francios (1694-1774).  French economist.  Court physician to Louis XV in 1752. His chief work the Tableaux Economiques, 1758 made him a leader of the group of thinkers the Physiocrats.  They believed in distribution of agricultural products in a perfectly free state.  He was also teacher of Turgot in economics.
• QUESNEL, Pasquier (1634-1719).  French theologian.  Ordained priest in 1659.  His Reflexions morales sur le Nouveau Testament, 1671 with its Jansenist overtones, won him the enmity of the Jesuits and he was banished from Paris in 1681, and in 1685 had to flee to Brussels.   He became leader of the Jansenists, and was imprisoned in 1703, but escaped to Amsterdam where he resided until his death.
• QUETELET, Lambert Adolphe Jacques (1796-1874)  Belgian scientist.  Director of the royal observatory in 1828.  He was best-known for his Sur L'homme et le developpement de ses facultes, 1835, and for his work on anthropometry of which he was one of the pioneers.
• QUEVEDO Y VILLEGAS, Francisco Gomez De (1580-1645)  Spanish writer.He was secretary to the viceroy of Naples for some years. by 1621 he was residing at the Spanish court, producing a constant succesion of mainly satirical writings.   He was imprisoned in 1639 for libelling the king and released in 1642.  He wrote poems, philosophical and political treatises, satires, and stories.  His best known work is The Visions.
• QUIN, James (1693-1766)  Irish actor.  He first appeared on the stage in Dublin, and became famous in England by his rendering of Rajazet in Tamerlane at Drury Lane Theatre, London in 1715, and by killing a fellow actor in a duel in1718.  He was the chief rival of Garrick, appearing as Horatio to his Lothario in The Fair Penitent, and as Falstaff to his Hotspiur in Henry IV.  He retired in 1757.
• QUINCY Josiah (1744-75)  American patriot.  He wrote against England and was associated with John Adams in the defence of the soldiers after the Boston "massacre" 1770.
• QUINET, Edgar (1803-75) French author.  Professor in Lyons university in 1839 and at the College de France in 1841.  He was a participant in the 1848 revolution and was exiled in 1851, but returned to France on the fall of the empire. His historical works include Les Revolutions d'Italie, 1848, La Republique, 1872, while among his other writings are Du Genie des Relitions, 1842 and Promethee and Merlin L'Enchanteur.
• QUINTANA, Manuel (1834-1906)  Argentine statesman.  He entered politics in 1860 and represented the Argentine at the Washington Pan-American congress of 1889.  Elected president 1904, and was active in opening up new territory, improving communications and in fiscal reform.
• QUINTILIAN (c.A.D. 35-97)  Roman rhetorician.  Born in Spain he went to Rome in 68, where he founded the chief school of rhetoric.  He was favoured by two emperors, Vespasian and Domitian.  His book in 12 volumes The Institutes of Oratory, represents 20 years of experience.