1. Guttman and Kalish (1956) performed a classic experiment showing generalization of
a bar press response. What were the findings of their experiment?
the shape of the generalization gradient was different for all subjects in the experiment. Therefore, generalization is a highly variable phenomenon
a flat generalization gradient occurred for test stimuli greater in value than the training stimulus. However, a steep generalization gradient occurred for test stimuli lesser in value than the training stimulus
a steep generalization gradient occurred for test stimuli greater in value than the training stimulus. However, a flat generalization gradient occurred for test stimuli lesser in value than the training stimulus
the shape of the generalization gradient was symmetrical indicating that the greatest number of responses occurred to the training stimulus and that the rate of responding declined as the difference between the training and test stimuli increases
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2. Weisman and Palmer (1969) studied the generalization of inhibition. The results of their research showed that
the generalization of inhibition is a very difficult phenomenon toe demonstrate
the generalization gradient for inhibition paralleled the generalization gradient for excitation observed by Guttman and Kalish (1956)
the generalization gradient for inhibition is much flatter that the generalization gradient for excitation
the generalization gradient for inhibition is much steeper than the generalization gradient for excitation
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3. In the two-choice discrimination task, the SD and SΔ are
in the same sensory modality
in different sensory modalities
stimuli that signal the availability or non-availability of rewards only
stimuli that signal the availability or non-availability of punishment only
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4. Jason likes to spend money on clothes. However, he has been broke lately and cannot by anything. When Jason received a large tax-refund check, he decided to go shopping for clothes. According to the behavioral contrast phenomenon, Jason
reduced the amount of money he spent on clothes
spent the usual sum of money on clothes
spent more money than usual on cloths
felt guilty when he bought new cloths
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5. According to the Hull-Spence theory of discrimination training, if discrimination learning precedes a stimulus generalization task, then a peak shift in responding should be observed. The peak shift in generalization refers to
. the highest level of responding occurring to the original SD
. the highest level of responding occurring to the original SΔ
the highest level of responding occurring to a test stimulus rather than to the SD
the highest level of responding occurring to a test stimulus located between the physical values of the SD and SΔ
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6. The peak shift phenomenon is apparently found when
the errorless discrimination procedure is used
the SΔ has acquired aversive properties
the SΔ has no aversive properties
the SD and the SΔ cannot be differentiated
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7. Kohler (1939) has theorized that correct performance in discrimination tasks is based upon learning
to inhibit responding to the SΔ
a relational difference between SD and SΔ
frustration elicited by the SΔ
fear elicited by the SΔ
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8. Research support exist for both the Hull-Spence and Kohler’s theory of discrimination training. Basically, the Hull-Spence theory is supported by task that test _______ and Kohler’s view is supported by tasks that test _______.
the accuracy of the subject’s discrimination; the ability to suppress responding to the SΔ
the ability of the subject to perceive fine differences between the SD and the SΔ; the ability of the subject to perceive large differences between the Sd and the SΔ
discrimination with visual cues; discrimination with auditory cues
a choice between SD and SΔ; generalization to test stimuli after discrimination is completed
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9. Which of the following is the most important step in producing errorless discrimination training?
give reinforcement following the occurrence of the SΔ
introduce the SΔ gradually and early in training
give reinforcement on an intermittent basis following the occurrence of the SD
train the subjects on a fixed ratio schedule when the SD is present
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10. According to Herbert Terrace, organisms trained with errorless discrimination learning
never respond to the SD
experience nonreinforcement gradually
show no behavioral contrast effect
are systematically desensitized to the SΔ
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