Chapters 2 & 3 Review
PSYCH 310

1. Sexual reproduction has several evolutionary advantages. Which of the following is NOT an advantage?

sexual reproduction produces recombination of genetic information, which increases genetic variability
sexual reproduction can allow repair of genetic information within the gene pool
sexual reproduction allows rapid expansion of beneficial mutations within the gene pool
sexual reproduction limits the spread of new combinations of genetic information in the gene pool

2. According to the stimulus-response analysis, motivation

can be seen as an intervening variable
can be studied only in laboratory rats
can be inferred from changes in an organism's behavior
a and c are true

3. Directionality often can be inferred from which of the following

a stimulus-response test
a preference test
a sign test
a motivation test

4. In addition to categories of analysis, or approaches, motivation may be studied at different levels of analysis. The example of the Olds and Milner (1954) experiment in which electrodes were introduced into various areas of a rat's brain best exemplifies which level of analysis?

philosophical
individual
physiological
social

5. The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain is called

homeostasis
hedonism
growth motivation
locus of control

6. Locke and other British philosophers provided a fundamental concept in psychology called _______.

reductionism
association of ideas
innate ideas
free will

7. Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that

labeling or naming something does not explain it
the idea of instincts was a fallacy; there are no such things as instincts
instincts are either inhibited or become habits
instincts are the same as learned behaviors

8. Which of the following does not describe William James ideas about instincts?

habit (i.e. learning) can inhibit an instinct
some instincts are useful only during certain developmental periods
all behavior is instinctive
people have all the animal instincts, plus some others

9. According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by

fixed action patterns
appetitive action patterns
innate releasing mechanisms
learned releasing mechanisms

10. Which of the following is not characteristic of imprinting as described in the text?

imprinting occurs most readily during a sensitive period of the organism's life
imprinting is permanent and irreversible
imprinting is not dependent on reward or reinforcement
imprinting may be reversible in some species

Name:

1