| –
|
| unary minus
|
| !
|
| logical negation
|
| ~
|
| bitwise negation
|
| *, /, %
|
| multiplication, division, remainder (modulo)
|
| +, –
|
| addition, subtraction
|
| <<, >>
|
| left shift, right shift
|
| <=, <
|
| less than or equal to, less than
|
| >=, >
|
| greater than or equal to, greater than
|
| ==, !=
|
| equal to, not equal to
|
| &
|
| bitwise AND
|
| ^
|
| bitwise exclusive OR
|
| |
|
| bitwise OR
|
| &&
|
| logical AND
|
| ||
|
| logical OR
|
| =
|
| assignment
|
| *=, /=, %=
|
| multiply assign, divide assign, modulo assign
|
| +=, –=
|
| increment, decrement
|
| <<=, >>=
|
| left shift assign, right shift assign
|
| &=, ^=, |=
|
| bitwise AND assign, bitwise exclusive OR assign, bitwise OR assign
|
| (...)
|
| grouping (used to override precedence rules)
|
The Korn shell has a number of options that specify your environment and control execution. They can be enabled/disabled with the set command or on the ksh command line.
| –a
| automatically export variables that are defined
|
| –b
| execute all background jobs at a lower priority
|
| –c cmds
| read and execute cmds (w/ksh only)
|
| –e
| execute ERR trap (if set) on non-zero exit status from any commands
|
| –f
| disable file name expansion
|
| –h
| make commands tracked aliases when first encountered
|
| –i
| execute in interactive mode (w/ksh only)
|
| –k
| put variable assignment arguments in environment
|
| –m
| enable job control (system dependent)
|
| –n
| read commands without executing them
|
| –o allexport
| automatically export variables that are defined
|
| –o bgnice
| execute all background jobs at a lower priority
|
| –o emacs
| use emacs-style editor for in-line editing
|
| –o errexit
| execute ERR trap (if set) on non-zero exit status from any commands
|
| –o gmacs
| use gmacs-style editor for in-line editing
|
| –o ignoreeof
| do not exit on end of file (default Ctl-d); use exit
|
| –o keyword
| put variable assignment arguments in the environment
|
| –o markdirs
| display trailing / on directory names resulting from file name substitution
|
| –o monitor
| enable job control (system dependent)
|
| –o noclobber
| prevent I/O redirection from truncating existing files
|
| –o noexec
| read commands without executing them
|
| –o noglob
| disable file name expansion
|
| –o nolog
| do not save function definitions in history file
|
| –o nounset
| return error on substitution of unset variables
|
| –o privileged
| disable processing of $HOME/.profile, and use /etc/suid_profile instead of ENV file
|
| –o trackall
| make commands tracked aliases when first encountered
|
| –o verbose
| display input lines as they are read
|
| –o vi
| use vi-style editor for in-line editing
|
| –o viraw
| process each character as it is typed in vi mode
|
| –o xtrace
| display commands and arguments as executed
|
| –p
| disable processing of $HOME/.profile, and use /etc/suid_profile instead of ENV file
|
| –r
| run a restricted shell (w/ksh only)
|
| –s
| read commands from standard input (w/ksh only)
|
| –t
| exit after reading and executing one command
|
| –u
| return error on substitution of unset variables
|
| –v
| display input lines as they are read
|
| –x
| display commands and arguments as executed
|
| –
| disable –v and –x flags; don't process remaining flags
|
Aliases are command macros and are used as shorthand for other commands, especially frequently-used ones.
