EXCERPTS FROM COLONEL ALFRED WADE’S CIVIL WAR JOURNAL

Perrysville and Stones River

August 27 1862 Indianapolis Indiana

Left South Bend Aug 25th to join my Regt. (the 73rd Indiana Volunteers) having received notice of my appointment as Adjutant. I understand that the 73rd is at Louisville Ky but can learn nothing definite in regard to its location. The 87th Ind. now in camp at South Bend will leave for Indianapolis today or tomorrow. We are raining Regiments on the South - Received my commission as Adjutant and was immediately mustered into the United States service for three years or the war this a.m. Saw 1500 secesh prisoners start south today, arrangements having been made for an exchange. They were a hard looking lot clothed in butternut and jeans. Have purchased sword and equipment and shall start south this evening. The 88th Regt. Indiana Volunteers from Fort Wayne came in this morning. Indianapolis is not so lively as usual with military. They are sending them south where they are needed.

Aug. 30 1862 Head Quarters 73rd Indiana Vols. Camp Lexington Ky.

Came out to camp yesterday afternoon and found everything hurry, bustle and confusion having received orders to march to Camp Dick Robinson starting at 2 a.m. tomorrow. I went on duty at 9 a.m. this morning and superintended Guard Mounting for the first time. The Regiment is not well organized yet - scarcely any of the officers understanding their duty. Our men however are in the best of spirits and sanguine of success in whatever they undertake. We are camped upon the farm of a voted secessionest but his family, negroes and property are well guarded by our troops. The lady of the house Ms. Strong in her attachment to the rebel cause shows many a little kindness to the "Field and staff." She says that Metcalf’s cavalry encamped here a short time since and showed the ruffian character to such an extend that it was pleasant to contrast that Regt. with the gentlemanly 73rd.

Sept. 22 1862 - Head Quarters 73rd Regt. I.V.I. Camp Wilder Ky

Yesterday passed off quietly. today everybody is in a state of excitement both in city and camp caused by an order from Maj. Gen. Nelson to the effect that the women and children should prepare to leave Louisville. Bragg is undoubtedly moving upon us with from 30 to 50,000 well drilled troops. We have here a force probably amounting to 50,000 men perhaps 75 thousand but a great majority of them are the new levies and so far as drill in concerned almost wholly unfit for service. They are brave however, have the advantage on entrenchment and if Bragg is determined upon taking this city there will be a terrible battle. Since Nelsons order the 73rd have been busy night and day with pick and shovel. We have completed the trenches which will afford the men good protection. the first is directly in front of our encampment. the second from 100 to two hundred yards in advance and runs through the Louisville cemetery a beautiful burial ground and full of costly monuments and beautiful trees which its a pity to cut down and destroy. But it is a military necessity and the sleeping place of Kentuckys dead is not thought too sacred a place in which to save the living The weather is very warm and dry. and a good rain would be welcomed. Water has to be hauled to camp from the city. The 98th Ohio Regit. was not allowed to slip out as we dont like the Ohio troops any to well.

Oct 5th 1862 - Head quarters 73rd Inda. Vols Beach Fork Camp

Left Bardstown at noon or thereabouts and have traveled over a very rough road in the direction of Harrodsburg. our Regt. captured seven of Braggs soldiers who had straggled behind. They all give themselves up willingly and expressed the wish to be paroled. Went into camp about 10 P.M.

Oct. 8th 1862 Head Quarters 73rd Inda In camp

Left Springfield about 11 a.m. yesterday, marched till 4 p.m., laid by and rested a short time, resuming our march through the night, reached this camp at daybreak, had to march four miles out of our way to get water of which there is abundance here. Saw one dead union soldier yesterday killed by the rebel cavalry. The road which we have traveled lately is rocky approaching to mountainous making our march very tedious.

Oct. 8th 1862 4 p.m. On March

Stopped in camp till nearly noon killing beef etc. when a message was received from Maj. Gen. Buell to hurry up this Division as the rebels had made a stand at Perrysville and a fight was going on. We left camp and arrived here a short ago. Heavy cannonading is going on in the front. Gen. Buell and staff are on our left upon the summit of a high hill. The different Brigades are getting into line.

Oct 9th Daybreak - In line of Battle

Our Brigade first formed line of Battle about 5 oclock yesterday afternoon. at a distance from Perrysville of about two miles, Very heavy cannonading on our left front and right after forming line. companies were deployed to the front as skirmishers and we moved forward tearing down fences which delayed us considerable causing frequent halts to dress the line. Advanced about one mile through trees and cornfield when darkness coming on we came to a halt. Meanwhile the firing on our left increased and as night set in we could plainly see the bright flashes from the batteries of what we supposed to be Mitchells Div. All firing ceased soon after and the men were ordered to lie down in ranks and rest themselves as best they could. No fires to be built. rested on arms ‘till daylight and are now waiting orders. Firing has not been resumed and suppose the enemy have retired after the most approved southern fashion.

Oct 9th 1862 7 A.M. - Before Perrysville

Were ordered forward and have advanced some distance The 51st Ind. is one hundred yards in front of us with skirmishers out. Our batteries have been throwing a few shells to feel the position of the enemy but no response is made. the Boys are hungry but cheerful and are suffering some for water. Its a beautiful day. The Sixth Ohio Battery have just planted a Parrot gun 200 yards in advance of us and the 20th Brigade will soon send her complements in the shape of a shell.

Oct. 9th 1862 4 P.M. - Head Qrs. 73rd Ind Cave Springs near Perrysville

The Battle of Perrysville or Chaplin Hills is over. and nothing to show for it but a ghastly record of thousands killed and wounded. It was nothing but a drawn fight ended by darkness. The rebels withdrew their forces this morning and are on full retreat. about 11 or 12 oclock we found the rebels has skedaddled and march through Perrysville. Nearly every house was riddled by cannon balls. I picked up several of the "iron messengers of death" ugly looking customers which I should "hate to meet" at any time or place. Have go into camp at the Cave Springs just beyond Perrysville

Oct. 10th 1862 - On March

I rode over the Battle field early this morning. That Battle field which in the history of this great rebellion will rank as one of the bloodiest fought by raw troops for I understand that a great majority of the troops had never been under fire before. The fight took place on the eighth and yet today I saw twenty four ghastly mangled bodies of rebels still unburied. Twenty six of their wounded were still on the field attended by our surgeons. Two thousand small arms had been collected besides a great number carried off by soldiers and citizens. The rebel army in the action was composed of the following divisions. Major Genl. Hardee commanded two Divisions on the left wing Cheatham Buckner and Anderson each one Division Major Genl. Polk commanding the whole force assisted by Braxton Bragg himself who declined the command however and simply made a "few suggestions" as per his report. I have been unable to ascertain the number of our troops engaged but Rousseaus Division figured more conspicuously and shows the heaviest loss of any other. That it was a terrible piece of mismanagement on our [part] is admitted on all hands. Maj. Genl. Buell is blamed for it now and will be blamed for it in the future. If he had pushed us forward on the afternoon of the eighth there is no doubt but that we could have utterly defeated Bragg and in all probability have captured his entire army.

Oct. 21st 1862 - In camp Rockcastle County Ky

Have been encamped here 3 days awaiting orders. We have christened it Camp Misereicordia. Don’t know the object of waiting here unless it is to allow Bragg to make his escape. Our provisions gave out entirely yesterday. When coming up this mountain road we were frequently stopped by obstructions placed in the road. Trees cut down in places where we could not "go around" which delayed us considerable. Bragg by this time is undoubtedly safe out of Kentucky. The blame of this miserable campaign will rest where it belongs upon Maj. Genl. Buell. It is reported that Ohio and Indiana have gone democratic if so matters look gloomy indeed. This is a great country for walnuts, butternuts, chestnuts, etc. The soldiers relish them. Orders came tonight to take the back trace. We are not sorry for a move in any direction. Will be a relief. I’ve never passed thru more tedious miserable days than I have here. It is generally understood that we go back to prepare for a winter campaign.

Nov. 14th - Silver Springs camp

Lieut. Seger came in yesterday with his guard and leaves whereat there was much rejoicing. The Regt. went out today as guard to forage train. Stringent orders are issued by Genl. Wood in regard to camp guard. No passes are issued. Everybody is pleased with our new General [Rosecrans], his orders are sensible. Regiment is required to be in line of battle tomorrow morning at 5 o’clock and remain in line till further orders

Dec. 1st 1862 - Camp in the field near Nashville, Tenn.

Thank fortune and the gods of war the 73rd has at last had a "skirmish" and a lively one. We started about 7 A.M. in company with 2 companies of the 13th Michigan having about 80 wagons in charge at 2 miles from camp we came upon our outer picket posts who reported the enemy in sight. Advancing a quarter of a mile one company of the 13th Mich. was deployed on the right of the road and under direction of the colonel I took command of Company G who was deployed on the left as skirmishers. We advanced in this manner till we reached Mill (or Will) Creek. Upon the opposite side of which we found the enemy posted. Five or six rebel cavalry were in plain sight and Company G blood rose to fever heat at the sight, and begged permission to fire but I would not allow it until we had lessened the distance somewhat. When giving the word they blazed away with a will, making the old woods sing. Immediately reloading we gave it to them again which elicited a response in the shape of several rifle bullets which whistled around uncomfortably close. The artillery then opened upon another squad more to our right and we found that we were considerably in advance of the Regt.. I ordered them not to cross the creek for fear of getting in range of our own guns. Firing then commenced on the extreme right and continued for some time. The 73rd getting a shot in now and then as a rebel came in sight. While the artillery continued to play for hours making them scatter at every shot. Our teams meanwhile we[re] confiscating the contents of the mill near by. Finally having loaded all that we could find we commenced the march back. Deeming it not prudent to cross as we had but 250 men and the bridge having been burnt. It was impossible to get the teams across. About this time another train guarded by the 94th Illinois and a Kentucky Regt.. came up and agreed that if we would allow the artillery to go back that they would cross under cover of its fire. We sent the two pieces back and commenced a vigorous cannonading. When they opened upon us with a rifled cannon and Illinois and Kentucky concluded they would not cross and went back with empty wagons, while ours were filled to overflowing. Since reaching camp have learned that upon hearing the cannonading and its long continuing 2 brigades were sent out to reinforce us and actually proceeded a mile or two on their way.

Dec. 4th 1862 - Camp in the field

Today at noon our Grand review came off under the eye of Major General Rosecrans himself The whole Division was out and made a fine appearance The General rode through the open ranks of each Division. correcting the faults of each and every man almost. Upon arriving at the 73rd and viewing the line which I had formed he paid me quite a compliment upon its correctness. The review lasted nearly all day.

December 29th 1862 - Camp on Stones River 2 ½ miles from Murfreesboro Tenn.

The right wing under McCook has driven Kirby Smith out of Franklin he [Smith] retreating to Murfreesboro The Left Wing crossed Stewarts Creek the A.M. and taking position (our Brigade on the left and in front) moved forward The only enemy in sight being cavalry who fell back as we advanced. Our batteries throwing a few shell now and then. We moved forward by the right of companies to the front till we reached Stone River at a point distant from Murfreesboro about 2 ½ miles. Here we found the whole force of the enemy whose right wing was posted in advantageous positions upon the opposite bank and directly in our front. A fine large residence just on the right of the Murfreesboro Pike had been fired by the rebels just before we came up undoubtedly to prevent it from becoming a shelter for our skirmishers. [and] the bright lurid flames as they shot up into the air was a grand spectacle. We sent a line of skirmishers forward who advanced under cover of the woods to the river bank and engaged with the rebel line which was posted in a cornfield just across. The firing was kept up briskly until dusk when the order was given to our Brigade alone "Forward to Murfreesboro. (Note - Col. Hunt with 3 Regts. from Hansins Brigade and Cobb’s battery were then ................ - on crossing Stone River and driven back on ....................line see his reports) We received it with a cheer and immediately advanced to the ford. The bed of the river is very rocky and full of holes so that the men went in at times waist deep. The enemy’s skirmishers of which they had a very strong line opened fire upon us (The 51st Ind and the 73rd were abreast) but we dashed across and with the 51st claim the honor of being the first Regts. of the whole army to cross the river. The enemy still continued their fire upon us until we formed the left wing which was first over and moving forward drove them back until we were near enough to the whole command of the rebel general Breckenridge to hear his officers rally their men and implore them to advance and drive us back. By this time the whole Brigade was safely over and as we numbered only about 2000 very prudently took position and awaited the attack which we confidently expected would be made. the rebels had force enough with 800 yards of our position to have cut us all to pieces if they had the pluck to have attacked us or sense to turn it. But it seems that the very boldness of our attack confounded and intimidated them. Our position was perfectly untenable against a force even the same as ours and to have successfully retreated back across the river was an impossibility. The officers appeared to comprehend this at a glance and yet all were determined if fight we must to win victory out of all these unfavorable circumstances or die in the attempt. The skirmishers kept up a slow fire for an hour or two and as stray bullets were whistling through the ranks the men were ordered to lie down and remain in that position until the enemy should advance within 10 paces. Bayonets were fixed and when that moment should arrive they were ordered to rise up fire one volly [sic] and then charge. We lay in this position for some time when the firing having ceased and some apprehension existing that we would be flanked on the right I sent out Co B as skirmishers in that direction shortly after fearing that they had not gone out far enough I tied my horse and went out afoot to advance the line When I returned I found the Regt. and my horse gone. Somewhat puzzled at this I went along the line we had occupied to the center where I found the 51st still in position and learned that the Brigade was being quietly withdrawn. Was ordered to leave the skirmishers out. I forded the stream on foot and found the Regt. evacuated for the night. Our loss was but one man supposed to be killed the 51st lost 1 killed and 1 or 2 wounded

December 30th 1863 [sic] - Camp on Stones River 2 ½ miles from Murfreesboro Tenn

Passed a miserable night. as we had to lay on the damp muddy ground and scarcely anything to protect us from the drizzling rain with which we were favored. My hat got half full of water which causes the brain to be quite cold this morning. But then a hard cracker and a little fat pork was all that was necessary to bring me out all right. Unfortunately we pitched our camp directly in range of the enemies guns and they opened on us with round shot This morning early. causing a rapid "change of base" to about 100 yards in the rear where we were somewhat protected by the crest of a ridge in front The rebel balls came most uncomfortably close but did no damage to our brigade. A battery quite a distance in our rear however was not so fortunate as one of their shells struck a gun carriage killing 4 men. The 6th Ohio (our Battery) took position and such a chorus of shot and shell was poured into them that they soon withdrew. Heavy musketry firing and cannonading has been going on our right nearly all day. But no decisive results. We have retained our position doing nothing but skirmishing.

December 31st 1862 - bivouac on Stone River 2 ½ miles from Murfreesboro Tennessee

Last night by making a hut of corn stalks the "Field and Staff" including Col. Hathaway Major Kimbill and myself managed to sleep quite comfortably though every thing is damp underneath and overhead. Our fighting on the right yesterday does not appear to have been very favorable and the general feeling this morning was that something desperate would be done today. The balance of the rations were distributed and the teams sent to Nashville. 60 rounds of cartridges were ordered to be carried 40 in the boxes and 20 in the pockets. Breakfast was eaten and strange as it appears the inexorable "regulations" must be followed and we mustered for pay. I ordered a morning report which showed 309 men present about 10 of these were on sick list and remained behind when the Regt. moved. The Ball opened on the right at an early hour and the firing had been kept up quite lively for about half an hour or more. We were making preparations to cross the river when a messenger from Gen. Rosecrans rode up in hot haste and ordered us on the double quick to the extreme right a distance even then (after it had been driven far in towards our center) of about a mile and a half. We had accomplished about half the distance when we were halted for some moments in an open space of ground and directly in range of the enemys cannon. who commenced pouring in the shot and shell with a vengeance. Gen. Rosecrans and Staff was here personally directing the movements of the troops who appeared huddled to gether in extreme confusion. But he soon brought them into order sending them principally to the center and right center. Our Brigade he ordered again to the extreme right and we started on the double quick just as we were leaving I involuntarily "ducked" as a rebel shell came whizzing through the air within 3 feet of my head cutting off the limb of a tree a few steps beyond.. It was a close call but was saved to take part in the deadly fray which even unionized the 31st of Dec. 1862 [sic]. By the time we arrived at our position several had given out through fatigue so that we had but about 290 men in ranks. We were to take post in a piece of heavy woodland about 200 yards from the Pike and were marching up when a soldier addressed me and requested to be allowed to join our ranks as he had lost his Regt. I ordered him into Co E (I mention this circumstance as the brave fellow stuck to us during the fight but disappeared immediately afterward. he fought nobly. never could ascertain his name) About this time a rebel Regt. came in sight and opened fire upon an Indiana Regt. stationed on our left but belonging to another Brigade. We had a good chance to see a brilliant little fight but not to participate as they did not fire at us although at easy range and in plain sight. The Rebels poured in volly after volly [sic] and the charge so near that we almost outflanked them and I wondered that no order was given for us to advance & take the whole of them prisoners but it seems Col. Harker did not consider it a free fight and held us to our position. ....... The Indiana Regt. rallied charged and in turn drove the rebels helter skelter back until the thick woods hid them from our view. It was ascertained that a Div. supposed to be Claytons was moving on us from a direction almost in our rear. We made a hasty change of front and moved forward to meet them in a short time We emerged from the woods coming out on a plantation The mansion of which had just been fired by the rebels. We first discovered a rebel battery in the cornfield to the right (see diagram mightily executed by the best my genius can afford) We exchanged a few shots [with] them. Their balls fall short but bouncing as they struck the ground were dangerous thing to men Against one large ten pounder I noticed in particular it struck the ploughed ground in the cornfield made a tremendous bounce of 30 or 40 feet struck the ground and finally jammed square through one of the Ohio Regts who were marching 4 deep and yet strange to say I could not see that it injured any one. About this time a Brigade belonging to VanCleves Division I believe, was sent across the uncultivated field to the left of the piece of woods jutting out from the main thick woods as per diagram. The (Regt.) entered the woods at the point marked "rebels in force" and instantly became engaged. in a few moments stragglers and riderless horses were flying back in confusion. We immediately advanced by the route indicated and took position in the woods. The 65th Ohio in advance as laid down in the map. They had hardly reached that point before they were engaged with the rebel Brigade in front (The prisoners taken at this time say that this brigade was composed entirely of South Carolians) As we could do nothing in the rear we were ordered to lie down to escape the bullets which were beginning to fly thick and fast Our Battery (which was moved to the right then laid down) now opened on the four lines of the enemy with good effect. The 65th fought well for ten or 15 minutes but finally overpowered by numbers gave way and ran directly over us. This was extremely trying to a new Regt. already although we had not fired a shot one Capt. was killed and half a doz. men wounded. Some of the men got up and took a step backward but a single caution from myself and some other officers and every man kept his place. In reality an order had just been given to fall back The 13th Mich. was gone The Battery and the 51st Ind was withdrawing but the order had never reached us. When the last man of the 65th had passed over we rose up and poured a deadly volly [sic] into the ranks of the pursuing enemy who had approached within very close range. They returned the fire vigorously. Their battery opened upon us with shell grape and canister and for a while the scene was terrific beyond description, Our men fought bravely nobly heroically volly after volly was poured into the rebel ranks. After ten or twelve rounds had been fired we charged and the rebels gave way contesting the ground between stubbornly. We pressed them back however until we occupied the ground marked TREES [see map] in advance of the 65th former position. In the meantime the 64th Ohio which like us had not received the order to fall back had come up on our right throwing that wing into some confusion but doing well in the fight. At this juncture I discovered 4 Rebel Regts coming up on our left flank The left wing of the first Regt. was not more than 100 feet from our left wing. It was wheeling around to take position where it could pour in a murderous enfilading fire. I immediately rode up to Col. Hathaway and informed him to the dangerous position in which we could be placed in less than 3 minutes but he turned and paid no attention to me whatever (He says now that he understood me to say that we were being reinforced on our left if he had understood the military term of outflanking he certainly could not have misunderstood me. But I cant blame him for he showed himself to be brave at least) But what was to de done I had no authority to order the Regt. back and now it was almost to late anyhow. The time taken in informing him was improved by the rebels Their right wing was in position behind the fence scarce 50 feet from our left. And already Their terrible cross fire was mowing us down. I was in direct range could not leave my post. But yet did not want to be murdered in this manner So I dismounted and covered my left flank by a friendly tree leaving the range in front however open Somehow I felt I must be shot I would rather it would be from the force we were fighting rather than by a force whose fire we could not return. All this time my attention had been directed to the extreme left of our Regt. When looking toward the right I saw the 64th Ohio and our right on the full retreat immediately there after the left gave way unable to stand the terrible fire. My horse had given a plunge a moment before and supposing him to be shot I had let him go so that I was left to get out of that scrape as best I could on foot. The major had been injured somewhat by his horse throwing him before the fight commenced and had gone to the rear. The Cols. horse had been shot before the fight fairly commenced so that the 73rds Field and Staff were in a sorry predicament. My sword and fixeus [?] bothered me considerable in the double quick but I finally got back to the reserve safe and sound But could hear nothing from the Regt. except that it had gone farther to the rear I went back to the pike and met some of Co G’s men taking the wounded to hospital but could not find or hear anything of the Regt. I went back to the Brigade and found the 51st Ind the 13th Mich and the Battery in position on the edge of the cedar thicket I reported to Col. Harker for duty at which he seemed pleased and promised to give me something to do. Shortly after the Regt or what was left of it came up scarcely one hundred men were left in rank. But of these I was proud in spite of the disorder in which they had been compelled to fall back They had rallied near the rail road and now came to the front stout hearted and determined to breast another leader storm if need be. Our loss shows the deadliness of the conflict The proportion between killed and wounded being far less than usual (The enemy held the battle ground for three days after the fight so that it is almost impossible to obtain an accurate list of the killed and wounded But after the enemy had retired we found 25 bodies including two Capts. (Tibbets and Doyle) belonging to our regt. and we know of 42 wounded The balance of our loss which has been ascertained to be 25 cannot be accounted for Some perhaps were killed and buried by the rebels. Others are undoubtedly wounded and in the hands of the enemy We went into the fight 290 strong. We were actually engaged about 25 minutes and in that time lost 92 killed wounded and missing. Can any one say that the 73rd does not present a glorious and yet sad record. I regret much that we fell back in disorder but we immediately rallied and came to the front again READY if not eager to engage the overwhelming force of the enemy. Our proud old banner still waved over us pierced by 8 bullets Our color guard every man of them were either killed or wounded but a hundred brave hearts were gathered around that noble flag who would spill their last drop of blood before it should be trailed in the dust by the rebel hands We held our position in the cedar thicket till dark The enemy had been so severely punished that he dared not make another attack Our brigade had saved the right wing Gen. Rosecrans himself indicated it in a short complimentary speech to the Regt. a few days after About 9 oclock P.M. we moved back to position previously occupied and bivouacked for the night It was cold and raw but no fires were allowed to be built and we had to do the best we could

January 1st 1863 - Camp on Stone River 2 ½ miles from Murfreesboro

The new year opens gloomy enough. Many an anxious heart throbs painfully today for position is desperate and yet stern determination to fight to the bitter end is the prevalent feeling We trust to our noble and brave General to wrest victory out of the very jaws of defeat Our lines have been driven in at every point except the left and now form a semicircle Nearly every Regt. in the army has been engaged and the slaughter on both sides is appalling yet how soon one gets accustomed to scenes of carnage and destruction.. Dead bodies lie in every direction but no attention is paid to them. There is no time now for funerals as it is almost impossible to attend to half of the many thousands of wounded About 4 oclock this morning our Brigade fell back a quarter of a mile to a better position in the edge of a piece of woods. About 8 A.M. the enemy advanced with shout and yells upon this position but the 6th Ohio Battery opened upon them with such a storm of shot and shell that they fell back Making no further attack until about 3 P.M. when their Batterys opened up having obtained accurate range. The shells burst over and around us continually but fortunately our Regt was protected by a thicket of large trees and we sustained no loss

January 2nd 1863 - Same Position

Expected to be shelled last night as we built our camp fires in plain view of the enemy But I guess they concluded that it would be as bad for them as for us and so we rested in peace. Early this morning however they opened a terrific fire upon us The 6th Ohio answered and for half an hour the scene was grand beyond description The Rebels had obtained accurate range and the famous Washington battery from New Orleans played upon us with round shot and shell until the air was perfectly alive with death dealing missiles Soon a caisson with six frightened horses attached dashed back to the rear all the riders having been disabled Then another rider less officers horse from the different Regts. supporting the Battery dashed here and there and the wildest confusion reigned To crown all the Chicago Board of Trade Battery opposing the enemy had charged (This Battery was located in the rear) opened upon our own men with grape shot. One of our own men detailed [designated] for the time being as [an] artillery man was killed and another wounded by this fire The 13th Michigan was on our right and directly in [the] rear of our Battery It had been cut up considerably by the enemys fire and when our own Battery opened on us it was more that they could stand. They broke and ran reforming again however and taking position in the rear of us who were protected somewhat from the enemys fire by the trees. The Battery boys took their guns to the rear by hand lustily cheered by us for their brave work An hour or less afterwards our Regt changed position to the open ground On the right here we have been annoyed all day by the Rebel sharp shooters 2 or 300 in number who are posted in a strip of woods about half a mile to the front (Some places the distance is less. They have excellent guns and as soon as a person rises up he is greeted with that siren song which is peculiar to a minie ball after it is most spent About half an hour since we advanced a strong line of skirmishers numbering 120 [of which] twenty of whom were from our Regt [advanced] and drove [the sharp shooters] back handsomely killing quite a number. As soon however as our men entered the woods they were greeted by a storm of grape and canister for the rebel battery posted but a short distance off And were compelled to fall back with a loss of 5

Evening January 3rd 1863 - Across Stone River on the extreme left

About 4 ½ P.M. yesterday we gained a decided success on the left wing. Our position at that time had become about the center and when the fighting commenced on the left we could distinctly hear the cheers of our men. Soon it became apparent that we were driving them. The enemy enraged at this [and] to prevent us from sending reinforcements opened their whole line of batteries upon us. We replied with every battery that was in position and the sight and sound was one never to be forgotten. My position for viewing the grand artillery duel was excellent. The rebel line of batteries was about a mile long poured forth a continued stream of fire while we replied as vigorously The old 6th Ohio is spite of the hand fight in the morning soon succeeded is silencing the battery opposite to us and in the course of half an hour both sides appeared to be satisfied and the firing died away with the exception of an occasional shot now and then. Shortly after dark were ordered across the river to hold the ground gained by our success. We took position in front and had barely arrived before we could hear the reinforcements of the enemy advancing on our lines. The skirmishers became engaged and kept up a vigorous fire for some time. But they made no attack in force. During the night we built a temporary barricade of rails which will afford our troops much protection. It rained all night and my bed was a puddle of water. This morning we were allowed to go ¼ of a mile to the rear for a few hours to make coffee and get a little rest. With this exception we have been in the front since the 29th inst. We eat what provisions we had among hundreds of dead bodies both rebels and union. The sight was sickening. We resumed position in front again the P.M. There was a short sharp fight in the center just after dusk and I learned that we charged their entrenchments driving them out at the point of the bayonet. Have heard that my horse was not injured much and that one of our wounded men had taken him to Nashville. Meantime am riding one belonging to Col. Harker our Brigade commander.

Jauy 7th 1863 - Camp near Murfreesboro Tennessee

We crossed the river this morning [Stones River] passing through Murfreesboro on our way to camp. It is a pretty town though looking desolate and gloomy now. Secesh camps were scattered in every direction around town and the substantial brick chimneys which were built to almost every tent show plainly that they intended to winter here. But we spoilt their calculations. We went into camp but before pitching tents were ordered out and move a mile farther east where we have a beautiful camping ground. Wrote to the Register today. [Colfax’s newspaper in South Bend. Ed.] have built me a nice fire place.

STREIGHT’S RAID

Apr. 13, 1863 - In Camp

I don’t think I have seen so many ridiculous things, or laughed as I have today. The Regt has been engaged in breaking mules at Palmyra and the obstinate brutes appeared to have made up their minds not to "break in" but to break everybody's head if possible. I got about a hundred men mounted and tried to form line of battle. But one mule wouldn’t come up to the front and another would go far beyond and so it went. Many were the hair breath escape that occurred from their victims heels. I think the start was one of the richest things I’ve ever seen in the way of the ridiculous A rider was off over a mules head or under his heels every five minutes and every stream we came to half the mules would lie down in the water. We have picked up quite a number of animals on our march today.

April 14th, 1863 - Cumberland Iron Works Tennessee

Arrived here at four oclock PM during a heavy rain. It has been raining for some time and am soaking wet. The 73rd has taken possession of four houses and we are now comfortably quartered. Head Qrs is established in a deserted residence, the furniture of which has been mostly left behind. A roaring fire has been built in the huge fire place and things look very comfortable and pleasant. We are going to have a splendid supper of ham and eggs.

Picked up a few horses and mules on our march today and had many laughable scenes. The men broke into a store kept by the proprietor of the works and destroyed some things before the officers could prevent them. But as he (the proprietor is somewhat disloyal, not much sympathy is expressed for him

Apr 27th 1863 - Mount Hope Ala

Left Tuscumbia at 12 oclock midnight taking a due south course over a very mountainous road until day light when the road although still very rough improved somewhat. We passed through Russelville Franklin County during the day where we captured a rebel Major. Brought him along with us as far as this place and then sent him back to Dodge under an escort. Arrived at this little dilapidated town during the afternoon and have encamped to await the arrival of our train and the dismounted men. We picked up a few horses today and shall remain here sending out foraging parties until the whole command is mounted. We saw a few of the enemys cavalry today but they got out of the way as soon as possible. The 73rd is in excellent spirit and delighted with the idea of "riding a raid" through the enemys country. Rained a little today.

Apr. 28 1863 - Moulton Alabama

The "Independent Provisional Brigade" moved out of Mt. Hope 1500 strong about noon today and by a rapid march reached this secession hole shortly before dusk. Scattered a company of rebels out of town on the double quick and took possession. We captured a mail and this weeks issue of the Moulton Newspaper a little sheet about 6 by 8 inches and full of secesh brag and bluster. One paragraph stating that the "cowardly yanks" would not dare to come as far as Moulton. The 73rd took possession of a fine yard full of shrubbery and went into camp. Roddys force has been skirmishing with Dodge today 16 miles north of here. It is rumored the Genl. Forrest with 3000 cavalry is with him. If Dodge does his work however and attracts their attention until we get two days start we need have no fears of him. I posted Co "I" on picket myself tonight on the road leading north. As there is no telling but what the rebs may conclude to come this way.

Apr 30th 1863 - Days Gap

We arose early and were just falling in to start when the crack, crack of a volley of musketry told us that out pickets were attacked. The enemy had followed us all day yesterday camping at night only a few miles in the rear and had sent on a body of cavalry to hold us until they could come up with their whole force. We were nothing both to accommodate them but as our camping ground was a poor battle field we pushed on some distance to what is termed Days Gap. Although the country does not present much of the appearance of a gap. It being what a Hoosier would term an oak opening the ground being considerably rolling. Here Col. Streight determined to make a stand. The Brigade was soon dismounted and in line while the horses were sent to the rear. One man out of four was detailed to take care of horses which left the 73rd only about 200 strong and the fighting force of the Brigade about 1000. The 80th Ill was placed upon the right flank. The 3rd Ohio next on the left. The 51st Ind next and the 73rd on the extreme left flank. The two mountain Howitzers were placed in position in the center of the Brigade. A hospital was established a short distance in the rear. Men detailed from each Regt to carry off the wounded and every preparation made for a severe fight. Skirmishers were sent to the front. The two companies of cavalry watched the flanks and we lay quietly on our arses awaiting the enemys attack. The woods were so thick that we could not see more than 75 yards in advance. Soon a few scattering shots and then a brisk volley from the right flank proved that the Rebs were jealous of our position. This died away shortly and almost immediately after the left flank was attacked and the skirmishers in front of the 73rd and 51st were driven in. But these two regiments did not fire a shot. We were waiting for them to charge when we would give them a specimen of Hoosier fighting that would astonish them. But they maneuvered very cautiously and appeared disinclined to charge our position. However as we did not open on them paying no attention whatever to the fire of their skirmishers they became bolder and advancing their line somewhat we could see that they outnumbered us for it extended far to the left of our left flank. And there was great danger what when they charged they would flank us and get in our rear. To remedy this companies G and H of the 73rd were thrown to the rear and left to act as skirmishers if attacked from that side and to hold the enemy in check until we could change position. But as it turned out there was no attack made upon that flank and those two companies did not participate in the fight. The enemy by this time had brought into position his artillery and opened upon us with round shot shell and canister. At the short distance of 150 yards our two little howitzers replied nobly and for half an hour a storm of cannon shot and rifle bullets was rained upon our devoted band. We did not return the fire generally along the line. Our regiment reserved its fire for the decisive moment but as we were suffering severely under their heavy fire it was determined to charge and either make them run or fight at close quarters. Just as the order was issued we observed the rebel line move forward. They had anticipated us and their splendid cavalry rushed towards us on the gallop and it seemed for an instant that our 1500 were doomed. On came the troopers but not a man of the Regt flinched. When within from 20 to 50 yards we poured into their ranks three or four quick withering volleys and then with a shout that I shall ever remember charged on the full run. Scattering them before us like sheep and killing and wounding scores who attempted to stand and stem the living torrent that swept down upon them. It was a happy moment for men when breathless from our hard run I looked around upon the field where a few moments before a rebel host had defied us and who ere now scattered to the four winds. So impetuous had been our charge that they did not have time to save a single Gun or limber of their artillery and two fine pieces fell into our hands. I shook the hands of brave officers and with them sent forth a shout of victory after those of the enemy who had succeeded in escaping. We placed the captured artillery in position and forming line awaited further developments. For much to our surprise we found amongst our prisoners some of Forrests men. They say that the force we have so badly whipped was Roddys command and one regiment of Forrests. that Forrest is coming up rapidly with his whole force and that we shall have to fight him in an hour or two. As Forrest has double our numbers of the flower of the Southern Cavalry this looks bad. Our loss today is about fifty killed and wounded. The Rebels about 75 as near as we can ascertain. We have sent our train on and have been laying here some time expecting Forrest to make his appearance. But if he don’t come soon I guess we will leave on the double quick and avoid him if possible. For if we fight his fierce men and whip him even it will cripple us so much that we shall not be able to accomplish the main object of our expedition. Just after Col. Hathaway gave me command of the Regt. this was quite an honor for an Adjutant to be placed over all the Captains. Major Walker was present but the exertion incident to the fight had used him up. Captain Garley of Co E shot through the leg severely and Lt Booher Co I in the face, comprise the list of casualties amongst the officers of the 73rd. One poor fellow of company F saved my life be a sacrifice of his own. I was directly behind him when he was shot and instantly killed. Had he not been there the bullet would have struck me fairly. One rebel trooper seemed determined to capture our flag, both he and his horse was shot within a few feet of the colors. I captured his gun and gave it to the Chaplain (who by the way is a fighting man) reserving the gun strap as a memento of the fight. Several of our animals and one or two men were injured by shells although in a deep hollow in rear of our line. A Captain in the 51st was killed

Apr 30th 1863 - Hog Mountain Ala

(called by some Crooked Creek)

We left the Battlefield of Days Gap about noon. Up to that time the enemy had made no demonstration on our lines although he was in strong force. We traveled as fast as possible in the hopes of gaining time and doing the work assigned us before being compelled to fight again. But fate had decided otherwise and before we had traveled far the cavalry of the enemy were on our heels and harassing our rear terribly. This they can do with impunity for it is impossible for newly mounted infantry to turn and fight regular cavalry without dismounting. We managed to keep them at a respectful distance however until about sun down. When in crossing a stream as everyone stopped to water the animals the Brigade became strung out for two or three miles. The Rebs seeing this pressed the rear regiment (3rd Ohio) so hard that they sent on word for us (who were next) to help them. We immediately sent a courier to Col Streight who was at the head of the column and upon receipt of the news came back on the gallop. He was in favor of dismounting and forming line there but at the suggestion of Col Hathaway included to go back to where the 3rd Ohio was still skirmishing. Col Streight directed me to have the 73rd posted on the extreme right flank at a certain point but Col Hathaway through mistaken zeal led the Regt directly under fire before dismounting. This disconcerted both men and animals and it was several minutes before we could get the men in line and the horses taken to the rear. Our Regt. then advanced slowly loading and firing as fast as possible and soon cleared the rebels from our immediate front. Our position here was upon a perfectly level and open piece of ground. Meantime the other Regts took position upon our left and a general engagement commenced all along the line. The enemy however fired almost invariably too high and our loss considering the heavy firing which we were under until after dark was astonishingly low. Not more then 50 were killed or wounded out of the Brigade. The loss of the 73rd was 11 men out of 150. Our Mountain howitzers and the two pieces captured at Days Gap did good execution and poured the shot and shell into them until the ammunition was about exhausted. We repelled every assault that was made upon our lines but owing to their position did not attempt to charge them. After dark the firing almost entirely ceased on both sides and we fell back about a mile to where our animals were taken. Our Regt. acting as rear guard and showing a full Regimental front with skirmishers. Arriving at this place the 73rd was ordered to hold the enemy in check while the balance of the Brigade mounted and on the road. This was a difficult thing to do with our small force but we disposed them in a good position behind some fallen trees sending company G well to the front as skirmishers. We had hardly taken this position before the rebel skirmishers were halted by our men all along the line. It was very dark and they came right upon us before we could see them. They answered the halt by discharging their carbines and we returned the volley with buck and ball. This checked them and they remained quiet until they got their artillery to bear on us. When they commenced a furious cannonade meantime all the brigade except the 73rd had mounted and put off, leaving our Regit. to get out of the scrape as best they could. Col. Hathaway had ordered me to find Straight and get the two companies of cavalry to remain with us until we mounted. But owing to the darkness and confusion was unable to find him. The 73rd after holding the position as long as it had been ordered to gave the rebels one volley which we ascertained afterwards killed and wounded a large number and then mounting as quick as possible left Hog Mountain and the scene of our second fight. We had punished the enemy so severely that he was afraid to follow us with his whole force and only sent a small party to ascertain where we went to during the night. We whipped 2900 of the best cavalry in the rebel service in two separate engagements. But the nature of our expedition did not allow us to delay and this accounts for our leaving the battle fields which we had fairly won in the hands of the enemy. It must be remembered that all this time we were going south east penetrating farther and farther into the enemys country. This is conclusive proof that we were not fleeing from them.

May 1st 1863 - Blountsville Ala

After withdrawing from Hog Mountain battle field last evening we traveled at a pretty good pace all night long and reached this little town about 8 oclock this morning. And have stopped to feed and rest both men and animals. Are very much fatigued By our hard marching. As our train has delayed us a great deal we’ve concluded to do without and except one fast team. And a huge bonfire is now burning consisting of 12 wagons and some of the superfluous baggage. All the Negroes in the county appear to have determined to follow the fortunes of the Yankees and Col. Streight was compelled to issue a general order driving all the poor contraband away from us. The indefatigable enemy has caught us again and brisk skirmishing is going on. On the other side of town.

May 1, 1863 - In Camp Ala - 12 oc midnight

I left Blountsville about one hour after the main part of the Brigade did. Capts. Smith and McQuiddys cavalry was holding the enemy in check that long. We then had to leave at a rapid gait for fear of being captured. As it was Smith lost some ten men out of his company who could not get away. The Rebels kept close on our heel in such force that on coming to a small river during the afternoon we had to dismount the whole brigade and drive him back with the bayonet before we could cross. He did not trouble us after that and we pursued the even tenor of our way until midnight when exhausted nature could stand no more and we dismounted in the woods to bait our animals and get a little rest. The officers are confident that we will not be able to get back to our lines safe. But all hope to accomplish our object first.

May 2nd 1863 - Gadsden Alabama

Left our camping ground early this morning and pushed on. Our regiment in advance shortly before noon we came upon the town of Gadsden a quiet village on the Coosa River. And pushed in at a hard gallop capturing several rebel officers before they were aware of our coming. I took a corporal and file of men and took possession of the Post office. The postmaster was very polite and handed me the different keys belonging to his office. And in a short time I had confiscated the whole concern. A mail was found already made up and ready to go out. I took the mail bag (which had one of Uncle Sams locks on it) and stuffed about a thousand letters, a full file of Southern papers and two or three hundred Confederate postage stamps into it and then slung it across my saddle. Bid a polite good day with the P.M. and was after the Regt.

May 2 1863 - Grumps Farm (by same Blounts Farm)

We had a merry time this afternoon riding slowly down the beautiful Coosa valley. This part of the country is by far the finest that we have yet seen and the Rebels kept a good distance to the rear. Not a shot being fired since we left Gadsden. This gave Col. Hathaway, Maj. Walker and myself a good opportunity to dissect the mail which I had captured. We were compelled to ride slow and every once and I [sic] while I would thrust my hand down into the mail bag and bring forth a bunch of rebel letters. These often being read were thrown in the road for the edification of our friends who followed us so closely in the rear. It must have been aggravating to the Rebs to see these letters on love, marriage, business and every kindred subject thus rifled of their contents. And forming subject of amusement to the "Yankee vandals" which they are please to term us. About 4 oclock PM we stopped in a small valley called Crumps Farm to feed. Plenty of forage was found here and we expected a good time but just as the rear guard came up and before Company G which had been detailed as videttes had taken their spot they were attacked by the enemys advance guard. Of course the 73rd was ordered to support Co G and we double quicked to the front and formed line across the road just in time to save our company from being driven in or captured. The enemy was very bold and active attacking as first in front them of the left flank and finally on the right. But although our ammunition was nearly spoiled by dampness yet we poured in the buck and ball so fast that he could make no impression on our line nor compel us to yield an inch. Col. Streight formed the balance of the Brigade far to our right and rear leaving us to hold our position alone He sent one howitzer up to us however which materially assisted us in repelling the attack from our front. The firing was very brisk for about half an hour and then gradually died away. The enemy contenting themselves with annoying us by their advance line of sharpshooters. We were well protected however by the woods and

underbrush and lost but very few men killed or wounded. We have to morn [sic] however the loss of our gallant Colonel Gilbert Hathaway who was shot through the heart and almost instantly killed while cheering on his men during the fight. Col H. a short time before his death placed me in command of the Right wing (which was on the right of the road) and went over to see how Major Walker was getting along with the left. That was the last order he ever gave me and the last time that I ever saw him. He was carried to the rear and taken to a farm house. But the Brigade left before they could bury him. When the Col left me I had the three companies at the front and two companies bent back on the right and deployed as skirmishers to protect that flank. We remained in this position about an hour with only a few scattering shots fired now and then. I was laying down reading some rebel letters when suddenly Company D fell back because as they stated the left wing had gone in. This puzzled me a good deal. I had not heard a word from Major Walker and was left there alone without orders. I determined however to hold the position until I was ordered in and forming a new line posted the men behind logs and ordered them not to fire a gun without orders. I staid [sic] in this position some time when I saw that officers were much dissatisfied. My position was a peculiar one. I had been put in command by the Col. but still my rank was only 1st Lt. and Adjt. and here were three or four Captains any of which were my superior and according to the army regulation could command me. I therefore decided to leave it to them whether we should remain or go in. They decided on the latter course. I therefore mounted my horse and ordered the line to fall back without changing position until we reached a point one hundred yards to the rear when as the enemy had not attempted to molest us I formed in the road and marched back at quick time. We found the left wing all mounted a mile or more in the rear. By this time it was dark. When I fell back from our advanced position the enemy advanced and just as we reached our horses we were again ordered to the front to repel an attack. I collected all of the 73rd that could be found and taking command marched back but no attack was made. We set fire to two large barns in our immediate front in order to light up the battle field. We lay upon the ground for some time awaiting an assault but Forrest had tried our mettle thru several times and did not appear anxious to press matters although he had more than double our force. We possessed this advantage over him however that we fought as infantry and he as cavalry. About 8 oclock we commenced preparation to leave. Fifty good men and the best horses were selected from each Regt. (making 200 in all) who were instructed to march upon Rome with the utmost expedition and destroy the iron works there and also the Round Mountain Iron works. This precaution was taken in case that we should have to surrender tomorrow for it is believed now that it will be utterly impossible to continue against the enemy any longer as our ammunition is nearly exhausted and what remains is in a damaged condition. The men are greatly exhausted and our horses can scarcely travel.

May 3rd 1863 - Near Rome Georgia

We have surrendered to the enemy but I feel no shame or disgrace in writing these words. The Independent Provisional Brigade has done all that brave men could do to avoid this necessity but it was useless. We left Gnumps Farm about eight oclock last night and did not stop till eight oclock this morn. Such another night march I never want to experience again. Nature had been outraged too long. The men had to sleep and the Brigade was strung out for ten miles. Nine out of every 10 being fast asleep although the animals were traveling as rapidly as they could go. I was asleep myself half the night but found no difficulty in keeping the saddle. Arriving at this place we found it was impossible to proceed further without rest and something to eat. We dismounted therefore and Col. (Maj) Walker and myself had just set down to a breakfast which had been obtained by extraordinary exertions when a volley from the pickets only a short distance off started us to our feet and an order to getting the Regt. in line. The men were completely exhausted and could scarcely drag one foot after another. The ammunition would not carry a ball half the usual distance and matters looked very discouraging. But still the will to do was there and every man would have stood up till shot down if nothing more. Our howitzers fired the last round of shell and then ceased with an ominous silence. Gen Forrest sent in a flag to truce and we agreed to surrender on the following written conditions. That we should be permitted to retain our Colors, our side arms and all private property, to be paroled and sent north immediately. As soon as the negotiations commenced I was glad of a moments respite and laying down on the ground immediately fell asleep with instructions to wake me as soon as the fight commenced. When I awoke we were prisoners of war. Forrests men treated us with a great deal of consideration, no cheering or insulting language. They had fought four times and had learned to respect us. The Brigade stacked arms and were addressed by Col. Streight upon the necessity of the surrender and then the officers and men were separated. In spite of the honorable conditions given us I never saw so much disappointment exhibited by men as ours did at the termination of the raid.

May 3rd 1864 (sic) - Rome Ga.

Genl. Forrest escorted into Rome this evening. Our advance guard of two hundred men had waked up the citizens of this little town by their impudence and audacity. In judging their houses in sight of the city and a large crowd was on hand to see the Yankee raiders. The citizens were exultant and insolent while Forrests troopers were respectful and considerate showing the difference between people who do the talking and those who do the fighting. The officers were quartered in the Etowah house. Had to pay $1.50 for supper of corn bread and my coffee. This is pretty good on prisoners of war. Am quartered in room 24. Rome is rather a pretty little village of one or two thousand inhabitant and would have been a hard place to take as the bridge was all prepared to burn at a moments notice.

LIBBY PRISON

May 16th, 1863 - Richmond Va

Arrived at the famed capitol of the so called Confederate states this a.m. Richmond is situated on the north bank of James River and is noted for the beauty of its environs but as yet have not been able to see it. A guard has been placed around us at the depot and we are the cause of many prying eyes. I succeeded in buying a slice of bread and a mouthful of fish for a dollar. It was delicious. The distance from Petersburg here is 22 miles. The whole distance traveled by R.R. from Rome, Ga. is 787 miles which took nearly six days. This added to the distance from Murfreesboro, Tenn. to Rome by the route we came which was accomplished by stamina and march about 500 miles makes the long distance of 1287 miles which Streight’s raiders have made in a little over a month.

May 16th 1863 - Libby Prison Richmond Virginia

After much delay at the depot we were finally marched though the city to this noted place and the first operation to be gone though was a minute search of each officer. They took from me my pencil (which looks ominous), a memorandum book, all writing paper and envelopes, canteen, etc. etc. and then guided me up through many rooms and more stairways to the third or fourth story east room. Here I found Col. Streight the only one of our party yet admitted. About 50 officers were here from the Potomac Army who were taken in the late fight at Chancellorsville. They greeted us cordially but most of them appeared to be deeply engaged in a 25 cent game of poker. I took a seat on the floor and commenced ruminating on the situation.

May 30th 1863 - L:ibby Prison Richmond Va

Two weeks in this miserable prison and no sign yet of an exchange. All the Captains were at first placed in the lower middle room. The Colonel, Lt. Cols., Majors and Lieuts. in the upper east room. On the 22nd inst. we were notified to be in readiness to leave for the north as flag of truce had been signaled but our disappointment was great when we discovered that none but the

Army of the Potomac officers could go. On the 24th we were again disappointed when the officers and crew of the Gunboat Indianolia were released and we were left behind. Capt. Brown of the Gunboat is a big gentlemanly officer. Have got a piece of his flag which was flying at the time he was compelled to surrender.

July 4th, 1863 - Libby Prison Richmond Va

Hail blessed day tho we see your light through grated windows yet our hearts are glad to know that our friends, the loyal people of the free north are this day celebrating the birthday of our independence. We had made great preparations to have a little celebration of our own in Libby by stealth a few of the officers have procured some red, white and blue cloth and secretly manufactured a goodly sized American flag. This we hung from one of the rafters and electing Col. Streight Chairman proceeded with several patriotic speeches which created so much enthusiasm and clapping of hands that rebels suspecting what we were at came up and ordered the room to be quiet, tore down our flag and threatened to do something serious if any loud talking was heard. The officers became very excited and some were in favor of carrying it through at all hazards. but better counsel prevailed and knowing that we were completely in their power concluded to do nothing rash. But talk of the "good day" in little knots of 4 or 5... I may as well put our rations down here for the benefit of history. It consists of Bread ½ loaf (enough for two meals if we had other provisions plenty) Fresh beef ¼ lb. rice or beans ¼ as much as our man would eat salt and vinegar in very small quantities. This is all and is about 1/3 of the U.S. Govt. ration. There is a good deal of excitement in Richmond just at present in regard to the raid of Genl. Dix. He can come into the city and release us just as well as not but am afraid that he wont do it. Weather pleasant.

July 5th 1863 - Richmond Va

There is great interest felt among the prisoners in regard to the Rebel General Lees invasion of Pennsylvania.[the Battle of Gettysburg, Ed.] It is a bold move of his. But I cannot see how he ever expects to make a foothold in the north. He will do well to get back safe with his army which I do not anticipate. There is also much interest felt in Vicksburg and Port Hudson. Our gallant General Grant has done well so far but the Rebels are confident of holding the place. It is rumored today the Genl Rosecrans (our Rosy) is advancing on Genl Bragg and I hope it is so. For all we want is the assurance that he is moving and a victory can be accounted on as pretty certain. Greenbacks sell here 4 for 1 of the currency. By paying 25 cts we get the daily Richmond papers. Miserable little half sheets full of traitorous intentions.

August 3rd 1863 - Richmond Va

It is just 3 months today since the Provisional Brigade surrendered to the enemy. For twelve long weeks have we been surrounded by the four gloomy walls of Libby Prison. Meantime our numbers have been increasing almost daily with now instead of the original 100 there are 566 Federal officers confined here, two more rooms have been allotted us making four for the accommodation of that large number. The fact of it is that our immediate prison officials have never been in jail and don’t know how to treat prisoners. We have but 5 cook stoves, something over a hundred officers to a stove. The exchange of officers, the one all absorbing topic of which we never tire, is still a mooted question between "Uncle Same" and the spurious "Cousin Sallie." The weather is becoming very warm and owing to our crowded state we suffer much from the heat. If it were not that we have access to plenty of water there would be much sickness.

Sept 3 1863 - Richmond Va

4 months in Libby! and no signs of an exchange yet. It certainly looks discouraging. Recd. a letter from Hm. Schuyler Colfax a day or two since. He gives news from home. Yesterday the citizens (Mr. Buckley, Herald Cor. Julius H. Brown and A.D. Richardson Tribune Corp. and Mr. Thompson) were transferred from Libby to Castle Thunder. There are some ladies confined in the Castle a short time since (which is distant one block from here) with whom we used to signal by the waving of handkerchiefs, etc. The same kind of communication is kept up with Union ladies who frequently pass along on Cary street. It is aggravating to see "calico" so friendly and yet so far off. Rosecrans will undoutedly occupy east Tennessee soon. We all have strong hopes that Charleston is doomed to fall soon.

November 1st 1863 - Richmond Va

More than a month has rolled away since I’ve dotted a line of "experience." This "pris. of war" life is becoming so indefinitely extended that I’ve settled down into a sort of apathy and am ready for anything that future has in store for me. Our condition has slightly improved for now boxes of eatables from our friends in the north are allowed to be sent to us and no 11 has its share of good things. The Sanitary and Christian societies have also bestirred themselves in our behalf and now every Truce boat that comes up is loaded with comforts for the prisoners. This is one of the most extraordinary spectacles witnessed now that the history of any war has ever shown.[sic] The United States Govt. has lately sent 40,000 rations to its starving solders now confined as prisoners in Richmond. The Confederate Govt. has received it thereby tacitly acknowledging their inability to feed them. What a community!

February 10th 1864 - Libby Prison Richmond Va

I have to record today one of the remarkable events of this war and one which interests us as prisoners of war very much. For nearly two months a number of officers who have deemed it feasible to tunnel out of Libby have been busily at work. After studying and devising numerous plans it was finally decided that the east cellar was the only place that offered any chance of success whatever but as the prisoners are all confined in the second and third stories it was a difficult problem to solve how we should get down. This difficulty was finally overcome by a little quiet work each night at the fire place in the dining room. A hole was dug though this fire place in an oblique direction which opened into the cellar mentioned. Men were now sent down every night who worked with a will using an old hinge and sugar scoop. After digging through the massive cellar wall the work progressed slowly but surely. The object being to reach the sewer and escape by that outlet but upon reaching the sewer they found to their chagrin that this was impassable for various reasons. Determined not to be discouraged however they boldly struck out to tunnel across the street a distance of about 60 feet. This was accomplished in a little over a months work. During the time it was being dug Capt. Johnson of a Kentucky Regt. was left in the cellar by mistake and in the morning roll call was missing. The confederates were greatly puzzled to know how he escaped but didn’t find out till recently. During this time the matter had been kept by the working party with wonderful secrecy, not more than 30 out of the 1000 officers knowing anything about it. This was necessary as the rebels had spies amongst us. The absence of Capt. Johnson awakened my suspicions and soon by staying down in the dining room all night I discovered the plot and determined to avail myself of this opportunity to escape after the working parties got out. About seven o’clock yesterday evening the workers commenced going out emerging at the other end of the tunnel in an open shed and then quietly walking off down street although within sight of the guard. Soon it became noticed abroad that there was a chance to escape and hundreds came crowding down into the dining room anxious for the chance. I waited while I thought the original party had had time to get safely off and then made a bold push for the hole. After an hour’s work I had succeeded in squeezing my way through the crowd and was right in front of the fire place only two were to go down ahead of me when the alarm was given that the guards were coming in. A general stampede took place, each one to his own bed. This alarmed the guards and they came up to see what the matter was but the hole had been closed up and we quieted them by saying that it was one of our raids. I had been up all the night before watching and was so sleepy that when I laid down before I knew it I was fast asleep and did not wake till morning. Meantime the hole was reopened and 109 officers escaped.

Feb. 21st 1864 - Richmond Va

I was most agreeably surprised to be called downstairs today to meet Major James S. Gholson 16th Georgia Vol. Rebel Army who came down on the last Flag of Truce steamer direct from Johnson’s Island. He was captured at the battle of Gettysburg and has been a prisoner of war ever since. His home is Athens Ga. He is now here on 30 days parole instructed by the U.S. Govt. to effect my release if possible to be considered a special exchange if successful. This was something extremely unexpected. I had never asked anybody to use their influence to effect my exchange and is the more gratifying on that account. The mere prospect of being free once more and perhaps in a day or two nearly blinds me. It is almost too good to be true.

Feb 25th 1864 - Richmond Va

I’ve been in sweetly painful suspense since the 21st in regard to my release. The order has not been issued yet and the thought sickens me that possibly the Rebs will refuse to exchange one of Streight’s command. Nearly one-half of the officers who escaped through the tunnel have been recaptured and most of them are in those damp dungeons under the prison. Some of them were out over a week but it is almost impossible to get through their lines even after getting out of the prison. Col. Streight, however, has not been recaptured yet and I do hope that he will get through safely. Col. Walker and Capt. Phelps of our regiment were taken. Capt. Boyd, Lts. Reynolds and Williams will possibly get through safe.

February 26th 1864 - Rebel Steamer Shultz River Rocketts

This morning was ordered up into the city to the office of the Rebel Commission of Exchange and had an interview with Judge Ould who is an austere and non committal personage. He was very particular to inquire if I was a son of Senator Wade of Ohio and whether old Ben was executing his influence on my behalf but could not get him to say whether I would be released or not.

At four o’clock this p.m. the prison clerk (Ross) came up and notified me that I was exchanged. My heart gave one great bound then fearful that something even yet might prevent it. I took things more calmly and proceeded to "pack up" amid the congratulations of all the officers. Bidding them all an affectionate farewell I took one last look at that building which in future will appear to me like a huge nightmare and wended my way down to the Shultz.

Feb. 26th 1864 - Rebel Steamer Shultz - James River off City Point

After waiting at the wharf at Rocketts for a short time, Col. Ould and Cpt. Hatch of the exchange bureau arrived and we steamed slowly down the river. I forgot to mention that Lt. Doughty 51st Ind. who has become perfectly deaf was released with me. Arriving at the boat I also found Col. Delaney of Pierpont’s staff and Buckley of the N.Y. Herald formerly in Libby but just released from Castle Thunder with a few citizens repratriates. Capt. Hill of the Shultz ordered us below deck until we passed Drewry’s Bluff so that we would not be able to see the river defenses but by looking out of a side window I discovered all that was to be seen viz. 2 boat obstructions and 3 lines of torpedoes and one unknown probably of stone. We arrived at City Point at 9 o’clock p.m. and laid alongside the US. Steamer N.Y. with a flag of Truce forward and the glorious stars and stripes aft but I didn’t feel perfectly safe yet.

Feb. 27th 1864 - U.S. Flag of Truce Steamer New York off City Point Va

I’ve been laying up on the hurricane deck for hours looking at the dear old flag which floats so defiantly at the mast head and came very near shedding tears for my joy. it is impossible to describe my feelings. My cup of happiness is full and overflowing. Last night we were transferred from that insignificant little craft, the Shultz, to this magnificent steamer which is no more to be compared to that than a palace is to a hovel. Maj. John Mulford 3rd N.Y. Infty. Comdg. the boat welcomed us warmly and immediately ordered refreshments which were partaken of with zest in the after cabin. What a grand glorious thought it is to realize that you are free. How little that treasure is appreciated until once lost. The Major has lent me money and am making myself at home on the boat.

March 1st 1864 - Fortress Monroe Va

At 9 a.m. a tug conveyed us from the steamer to the Fort where we reported in person to Major Genl. B. F. Butler Comdg. this Dept and after an interview with him were ordered to report at Washington to the Commissay Genl. of Prisoners. The boat will not leave for Baltimore till 5 p.m. and in the meantime we are inspecting this noted Fortress. The 3rd Penn. Infty. are doing garrison duty here now. I have forgotten to mention a young lady named Molly Johnson who was released from Richmond and came down on the same boat as myself. She told me her history which was in substance that she was with the 6th Ky. Infty. a year before being captured. After capture she remained with our boys on Belle Isle two or three months before being discovered to be of the opposite sex but an unfortunate slip precipitated matters and when found out was taken to Castle Thunder and soon released.

March 2nd 1864 - Washington D.C.

Arrived here about 11 o’clock a.m. and put up at the Willard Hotel on Penn. Av. Found Col. A.D. Streight here and was heartily glad to see him. He stayed in Richmond a week after escaping form prison concealed by the union people and then came through safely with Capt. Scorce 51st Ind., Lt. Sterling and Maj. McDonald. Streight informed me that I was expected to dine with him and the Hon. Schuyler Colfax but was dressed in the same clothes in which I entered Libby 10 months before and had to decline. He gave me a hundred dollar bill however

to "rig up" with and said I must come. I bought some new clothes in time to go up and spend the evening and found that he had collected all the South Benders in Washington at his house to welcome me among whom were Mrs. and Carrie Mathews, C.M. Heaton, Ed. E. Ames, James Sample and Capt. Sanders. Schuyler, the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the third in power in the United States seemed as though he could not do me enough honor. He very kindly insisted upon my making his house my home while in Washington and after that was settled proposed to go up and call on the President which we did stopping on the way to settle accounts with the Willard but we found that the President and his wife had gone to the theater to witness one of the old "Abe’s" favorite plays. As the next best thing we called at the War Dept. to see Secretary Stanton and Chase (the greatest financier of the age) and from him (Stanton) closeted with Genl. Halleck to both of whom I was introduced and conversed with for a short time and so ended my first day in Washington

.

March 3rd 1864 - Washington D.C.

I find that my surmises are correct in regard to the person who procured my release. Schuyler was the one who brought the influence to bear on the Govt. and succeeded in getting a rebel Major sent down with instructions to effect my release. He has been trying to effect it for a long time but both powers are so much opposed to exchanges at present that it was only by great influence and persistent application that it was finally effected. I owe a debt of gratitude to him which I fear can never be repaid especially as he has done all this of his own accord without my asking the favor. Senator Wade is stopping at his house and of course had to relate to him and his son (who is Lt. Col. in a colored Cavalry Rgt) how I was taken at Richmond to be one of the family. Speaker Colfax awoke me from a deep slumber in my downy bed (which I could not but help compare with Libby’s own board floor) and after breakfast went with one to Col. Hoffman’s (Com. Genl. of Pris. and made arrangements as Genl. Halleck promised me I could last night to

delay reporting a week in order to extend my furlough and from then to Adjt. Genl. Vincent’s on business regarding my commission. Telegraphs to Adjt. Genl. Noble of Indiana to send it immediately. Schuyler is anxious to have me stay till Dr. Dayton and Sister Mariane arrive in about a week. This evening attended a "hop" at the National in company with Schuyler who introduced me to Maj. Genl. Sickles who lost a leg at Gettysburg. Met Miss Ann Stephens the authoress, Miss Clay of Kentucky and number of gay girls. This p.m. carried Col. Streight’s report to the House Military Committee in regard to our treatment in Richmond.

March 4th 1864 - No. 8 4 ½ St. Washington D.C.

Arose early and wrote a number of letters to friends of officers in Libby. Schuyler franked them and then gave me a card to see him at any time while Congress is in session. This will admit me to the floor of the House a great honor by the way. Went down to Willard’s and played billiards with Capt. Barton and then in company with Col. Streight took the street car to the Capitol and were admitted through a side door near the speakers desk and for the first time saw Congress in session and was introduced to a great many of the members. I listened to the debates with much interest and was proud of the way which the speaker fulfilled his duties. It is admitted on all hands that he makes the most efficient and popular speaker that the House has ever had. Tonight the Speaker’s reception took place and although somewhat unwilling I became an "object of interest" amongst the assembly. All that I remember about it now is that my old Col. now Maj. Genl. Milroy was there and that I met Genl. Starkweather, the Editor of the Globe, Col. Hoffman, etc. etc. and escorted Miss Coon of Lancaster, Penn. to refreshments. Washington is a gay place but I feel disappointed in seeing so much that glitters which is really of no worth. The ladies even I am sorry to say are not beautiful according to nature or if so spoil it all by a superfluity of the artificial. This gaiety will do to pass away an hour or two but to be in the whirl for a life time would be worse than solitary confinement in "Libby."

March 5 1864 - Washington D.C.

Went to the Capitol today and was admitted to the floor where I sat for some time studying the mysteries of Congress and then went with the Speaker to his private room which all speakers occupy. It is splendidly furnished and from these to his work room. We then took the Penn. Ave. cars and went up to the White House to attend the Presidents’ Matinee. The Speaker introduced me to the President and Mrs. Lincoln and had the honor of a few moments conversation with a man who will figure in history as one of the most remarkable of the age. Mrs. L. did not advise much. They receive visitors in the Green room who after the customary greetings pass on into the Blue room and from there to the magnificent East room where a fine band was discoursing sweet music. Was introduced to General whose name I’ve forgotten now, also to Miss Harlan, daughter of Senator Harlan and another young lady whose name strange to say I’ve forgotten although I escorted her through the Conservatory for half an hour. She was from New York City and just like all the other ladies in Washington. From the President’s, Schuyler went back to his duties in the House and I no. 4 ½ 8 St.

Mar. 6th 1864 - Washington D.C.

Attended the 2nd Presbyterian Church this morning with Schuyler and Mr. and Mrs. Mathews. Coming out was introduced to Admiral Dalghren or Dalgren who has been hammering away at Charleston for so long. Took a long walk in the afternoon and examined the Capitol carefully. Was much struck with its solid massive appearance. From there went to the Washington Monument which is still uncompleted. It will make a grand monument when completed and will last for ages. In the evening attended church with Carrie Mathews.

Mar 8th 1864 - Washington D.C.

Yesterday reported to Col. Hoffman, Com. Genl. of Pris. and then to Col. Ed Townsend, A. Adjt. Genl. where I was ordered to report to my regt. and leave, to delay reporting 30 days, given. This morning Col. Streight, Schuyler and myself went out to breakfast (a strange custom) with Mr. Robison, Register of Wills. The family insisted on having two or three of my autographs. In the afternoon draw from the U.S. Treasury $1,363.50 pay for 4 months as Adjt. and six months as Major. In the evening escorted Carrie Mathews to the President’s levee and enjoyed myself much better than I expected. After shaking hands with Mr. Lincoln, I paid my respects to Mrs. Lincoln by a bow and was passing on when she called me back and insisted upon shaking hands and was very talkative. About eight o’clock then a buzz ran through the crowded room and Lt. General Grant was announced. He had just arrived from the west and came to pay his respects to the President upon entering the East room. The people forgetting where they were gave him their hearty cheers. I had the honor of shaking hands with my chief and was proud of it. He is a very quiet unassuming man and to be made a show off annoys him very much. He promenaded with Mrs. Lincoln and afterwards saw him in private consultation with the President and Secretary Stanton, Wm. H. Stewart, Genl. Sickles, General Birney and half a doz. Brigadiers were present. Returned home well satisfied with a sight of the great men of America. This p.m. met Maj. Genl. Meade at Willards Hotel. The city is full of officers and soldiers. I am longing to be home and shall start tomorrow

Mar 13 1864 - South Bend Ind

It seems good to be at "home" once more after being tossed on the stormy billows of war for twenty months. Left Plymouth in a carriage at noon and after a tedious ride over the worst of roads reached "good old South Bend" about 5 P.M.. Attended Presbyterian Church this evening and saw a few old friends. Including L____ who ____ but as I don’t know who may read this journal I wont say anything about it____

Mar 23, 64 - South Bend Ind

have been enjoying the comforts of liberty, home and friends for a week and now although I have 30 days leave I think my duty calls me to my regt. Have recd. several letters urging and begging me to come. Recd. invitations from several different towns to lecture on Libby but declined them all. Attended funeral of A. Andersons child today and could not but notice what a difference there is between death at home amongst friends and death on the battle field. Have attended a few gatherings and enjoyed myself very much amongst old friends. Sent 135 dollars worth of eatables to Libby Prison to the officers of my Regt. If the rebels don’t steal it. It will cheer them up and enable them to get along much better than formerly.

GARRISON DUTY - NORTHERN ALABAMA

March 28th 1864 - Hd. Qrs 73rd Indiana Vols. Nashville

Found Hd. Qrs. of the Regt. yesterday without any trouble. but finding the Regt. is a different affair. I assumed command this morning of 48 men. Camp is located on the corner of Broad and Vine streets. Matters here need reform sadly. They are in a terribly disorganized condition. Capt. Williamson who has been in command is totally incompetent and not fit to hold the position of corporal. Had an interview with Genl. Granger Comdy. Post today and he promises to do all he can in getting the Regt. together. As near as I can find out the men are distributed as follows 141 men at Fort Negly 150 men on N.W.R.R. 60 men Cheatham Mills 12 men on siege guns 48 men at Hq. Qrs. a security party out and numbers of men detached singly. Great preparations are making here for the spring campaign

April 7th 1864

The detachment of 150 men came in today and now have 235 in camp. Genl. Granger has not fully lived up to his promises for the Fort Negley men are not relieved yet. The boys look tough and hearty and even glad to see me but expect that I shall be very unpopular soon as they need discipline. Made a mistake in the date above. It should be Apr. 8th.

Apr. 12th 1864 Camp near Nashville

Have commenced dress parades and for the first time in our Regt. I make the troops pay the customary honors to the colors. It makes the men respect their flag and shall keep it up. Yesterday we were drilling as a Brigade with the 13 and 18th Wis. and 18th Mich. Did as well as any Regt. in the different movements but can learn a great deal yet. This afternoon had a fine battalion drill. The boys are learning fast. They see the reason for it and go at it with a will but having but one line officer here and he is worthless (Capt. Williamson) makes it bad but will succeed in spite of that if our Generals will only give us a chance. Weather very changeable, generally cook and often rain. Have 252 men in camp. Tents are very poor. Hope the Fort Negley detachment will be here soon.

Apr. 26th 1864 - Head Quarters U.S. Forces La Vergne

Dr. Spencer has been promoted to Surgeon of the 10th Tenn. He is welcome to go if he hasn’t got more state pride than that. Made a requisition for 12 horses for scouting purposes. They came in today. Yesterday I disarmed a fellow who was brought in by the pickets. He was a rebel deserter which is the case with 1/3 of the people around here. Also stopped a Negro today who was traveling without a pass and confiscated his horse. 9/10 tenths of the people here are intensely secession in their sentiments and yet they have all taken the oath. I expect I shall be the most unpopular commander that they have had here for a long time as I shall not grant many favors to southern men who have taken the oath intending to switch it the first chance that occurs. Weather pleasant today but has been very windy.

May 14, 64 - Hd. Qrs U.S. Forces La Vergne

Matters have settled down to their usual quietness today and no fears are entertained that Roddy will pay this place a visit. The news form the East is glorious Grant has whipped Lee and is pressing him back to Richmond Butler has landed from James river and has fortified Bermuda hundred cutting the Rail Road between Richmond and Petersburg. The papers state that Lt. Col Ivan N. Walker has been released. The bal. of the 73rd officers undoubtedly are rejoicing at the near prospect of the capture of Richmond and their release. The news from Georgia is cheering. the Army of the Cumberland is advancing slowly but surely, fighting as it goes. The wounded already begin to arrive at Nashville by the hundreds. Our losses in the East are heavy----

June 20th 1864 - Hd. Qrs. Detachment 73rd Ind. Limestone Pt

I communicated with the enemy under flag of truce day before yesterday. rather uncertainly however as I did not know their character until they were gone. Three of them (A Lt. and two privates of Roddys command appeared on the other side and waved a flag of truce. Supposing it was some refugees or confederate deserters I sent over a man to bring them over. They inquired of him the number we had here and said they had lain on the bank of the River all day watching us but were afraid to show themselves for fear we would shoot. They kept him a prisoner a short time then allowed him to return I could have captured them very easy if I had a small force across the river. I am getting along very pleasantly with Mrs. Griffith over the way and her daughter Rebecca who is a perfect angel and never expresses rebel sentiments. Shall commence putting in the timber of our Block House tomorrow and shall have it finished in a few days. there are rumors afloat that 300 of the enemy are trying to cross a short distance above me but our boys would rather relish a fight with that number. and it does not give us much uneasiness. although have sent Co. A to Moorsville leaving about 130 fighting men here.

July 19th 1864 - Head Quarters 73rd Ind. Infantry Triana Ala.

Lt. Williams reported today from his mounted scout. Lt. Grimes Co D sent in his resignation assigning as a reason incompetency. As I knew this to be the case I had no hesitation in approving and forwarding it "for the good of the service". The poor officers are being weeded out of the 73rd pretty fast. Called on Mrs. McIntosh today, her husband is in the rebel service and appeared upon the opposite bank of the river a day or two since but was afraid to cross over. Have received permission to press in fifty negroes to clear the bank of the river. They are pressing them in at Huntsville also so that this country is getting cleared of the "main cause of the war."

Aug. 10th 1864 Hd. Qrs. 73rd Ind. Infty Triana Ala.

A Lt. and several men members of the 3rd Ga. and 7th Ala Cav came down with a flag of truce today. I sent Corp. Simons over. They wanted to exchange papers and letters and sent over quite a number among them one from a son of Mrs. Laverty who is in the Rebel army. Have commenced a secret correspondence with him in regard to sending a party over and effecting his capture. He is anxious to deliver himself up but does not like to desert. I have my 6 pdr. so planted as to command the camp. Have detailed a squad of seven men to work it.

Aug. 21, 1864 - Head Quarter 73rd Indiana Infty Triana Ala.

Sunday has passed quietly and with the exception of the return of our security party nothing of interest has occurred. Lt. Sollan left last night at 11 oclock with thirty men, in three Govt. wagons. They went the Mooresville road to Becks Landing a distance of 9 miles. At this point they crossed the river and guided by Blankinship (my secret service man) reached Widow Troops just before daylight where Capt. Jourdan & his 17 men were encamped. Unfortunately the pickets discovered them and gave the rebs time to prepare. a lively interchange of shots was had when the enemy skeddadled leaving one dead horse, carbine and equipment. Our loss one man slightly wounded.

Sept. 2nd 1864 - Prospect Tennessee

We were aroused from our slumber last night about 11 o'clock by two or three volleys about half a mile from camp. The 73rd was roused immediately by the long roll and I wheeled them into line on the river bank and waited orders. The cavalry pickets dashed in and formed line on my left. Col. Jackson came down and ordered me to remain in my position until a general engagement took place and then to retreat to the fort and support the artillery. A train had just passed south and we knew that the firing was directed at it. but although from a light in that direction it was supposed that they were burning the train still no party was sent out. [We didn’t] ascertain the fact until after daylight when we learned that a party of 200 of Roddys Command had fired into the train (without capturing it however) and had then torn up and burnt the track for a short distance. I blame Col. Jackson very much for not sending a party to drive them off. Two or three hours after the first alarm there was some picket firing and I deemed it best to remove the Regiment 200 yards to the right in a commanding position. Which I did notifying the Col. Genl. Starkweather came down today with 500 cavalry and we now feel perfectly safe against any attack. Even from Wheelers whole force. Starkweather is a young man but inspires confidence.

Sept. 12th 1864 - Prospect Tenn

The last six days have been over loaded with misery. Havent read a paper in 12 days but through other sources learn the charming news that Morgan has been killed in East Tennessee and his staff captured. Wheeler however although losing a good many men has probably succeeded in placing the Tennessee River between himself and our forces. It is reported that he crossed at Florence, Chickasaw and Eastport.

McClellan and Pendleton have been nominated by the Peace Convention at Chicago for Prest. and Vice President.

There have been 70 cases of fever and ague in the Regt and have been quite sick myself for three or four days

Sept. 30th 1864 - Head Qrs United States Forces Athens Ala.

Reveille this morning before day break but no enemy appearing. We commenced the days work by moving camp a short distance from the fort. The news from Sulpher Trestle that a garrison of 800 men were compelled to surrender to Forrest simply because they could not withstand his artillery gave me some mental trouble in regard to my little band of three hundred and the open fort. This splendid Fort has been built with a great deal of trouble and expense but that fatal mistake was made of not building a boom proof. A happy thought finally struck me I had not the time to build one inside the Fort and whatever was to be done must be done quickly as I had no definite information in regard to the enemy and was liable to be attacked at any moment. The outside ditch would serve my purpose admirably and I immediately set to work a force of men and all the teams available in hauling up logs from the old huts in the vicinity. These laid across the ditch makes it perfectly boom proof as any shot striking it will do so slantingly [sic] and must therefore glance off. An entrance into this novel arrangement will be effected by a passage way dug under the gate of the Fort. If Forrest gives one until tomorrow noon I will fight his command artillery and all. There are about 100 wounded here. One dead Negro soldier was found upon the battle field today and buried. A hard rain storm is now setting in.

Oct. 2nd 1864 - Head Qrs. United States Forces Athens Ala.

Half an hour before daybreak the men were aroused and stood to arms. From early daylight till 6 a.m., a brisk fire was kept up with small arms, principally upon the west side where a thick growth of timber approached to within short range of the Fort. At six a.m. the enemy opened with one gun situated south west from the Fort on the Browns Ferry road which was promptly responded to. Ten minutes after three rifled pieces opened fire upon us in quick succession from a slight elevation ½ mile north. With such a cross fire there was scarcely a spot in the Fort but what could be reached by a shell and I immediately moved the troops into boom (sic) proof leaving a sufficient number as sentinels to watch for indications of an assault. I had previously given orders to Lt. Arnold Cmdg. Co. E to halt any flag of truce that might approach some distance from the Fort in order that they might not discover our boom proof. After half an hours practice the enemy guns obtained the range and threw shells into the Fort with great accuracy, I had planted the Regimental Flag of the 73rd on the parapet, and it suffered considerably, two shells passing through and tearing great holes. A caisson cover was torn off and set on fire within a few inches of the ammunition. Private A. H. Kersey of Co I instantly put it out with a pail of water at the imminent risk of being blown to atoms. A tall chimney was tumbled to the ground hardly leaving one brick upon another. Thirty horses were killed or wounded which were fastened a few yards from the walls of the Fort. Five shells struck exactly at the position where company D of the 73rd had stood. About 60 rounds were fired at us. 22 struck the Fort nearly all inside - the balance bursting overhead or passing beyond. Our two guns returned this severe fire cooly and steadily. Had we remained silent the Rebs would not have wasted so much ammunition upon us. At eight o’clock Genl. Buford concluding that we must be pretty well demoralized ceased firing and we soon saw a horseman approaching with a flag of truce. I delegated Capt. Wm. C. Eaton of Co I to meet him and try to ascertain the disposition of their troops while I was answering whatever communication should be sent. While the flag was approaching I had leisure to examine the field with a glass and soon discovered that they were moving up a dismounted line in front of my weakest point. This was a violation of the flag but I concluded not to notice it and simply ordered out 3 companies and trained the artillery upon their line which had moved up within 200 yards of the Fort. Private Johnson who had accompanied the Captain soon brought in a sealed envelope which contained the following

Hd. Qrs. in the Field

near Athens Ala. Oct. 2/64

Commanding Officer, U.S. Forces, Athens, Ala.

Sir: Having invested your place with a sufficient force to reduce it in a short time, for the sake of humanity, I demand the immediate surrender of the Fort, garrison, etc. Certain conditions will attend the surrender the bearer of this will acquaint you.

I am, sir, with much respect, etc.,

A. Buford

Brig. Genl. P. A. C. S., Comdg.

Buford’s Adjutant, General Small, proved to be the bearer. I had some curiosity to know what conditions he would offer, but as that might lead him to think that we would surrender if they were liberal enough, I sat down on a cracker box and wrote the following:

Headquarters United States Forces,

Athens, Ala., October 2, 1864

Brigadier-General A. Buford

Commanding Confederate Forces

In front of Athens, Ala.

Sir: I have had the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this date, demanding the surrender of the fort and garrison under my command. In answer I would say that having a sufficient force to defend the place I decline to surrender.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

A. B. Wade

Lieutenant-Colonel Seventy-third Indiana Comdg.

and sending it out ordered the flag off and Captain Eaton to return immediately. It seems the cowardly rebels had basely taken advantage of this flag, and while I was engaged writing an answer stole six wagons and four ambulances directly from under my guns. I did not know this at the time, but because they had changed position under the flag I determined to teach them a lesson, and as soon as the flag disappeared ordered four companies and the artillery to open on their new line. They fell back in confusion, leaving four dead. They continued to annoy us with their sharpshooters, who had taken possession of headquarters. I finally ordered eight shell to be sent through the building, which drove them out in hurry. I then sent skirmishers out in every direction at 10 a.m. Suspecting that Buford had found a harder nut to crack than he anticipated, and was leaving, which proved to be true, the cavalry immediately pursued, and found that they had retreated down the Florence road. Our loss was only two slightly wounded. That of the enemy unknown, as he carried off all his wounded. This victory of ours has a great significance from the fact that a larger garrison surrendered this same fort when in better condition only a week or two since. I estimate the saving on casualties by our boom proof to be at least 50, as shells cannot explode in a small fort filled with men without killing somebody.

Nov. 4th 1864 - Hd. Qrs. United States Forces Athens Ala.

Have been ordered today to sent two companies of the 174th Ohio to Col. Jones and Col. O’Dowd is ordered to return to Decatur with his Regiment (181st Ohio) a good riddance. Everything muddy and disagreeable out doors today. Have developed a little domestic comedy in my military family today. Have had with me since leaving Lavergne a very excellent cook and exemplary mulatto woman whom I have never known as anybody else that "Aunt Betsey" All that I know of her history is that she formerly belonged to a wealthy family living in Culpeper County Virginia and as she was neat and clean and came well recommended I considered myself fortunate in possessing so good a cook. She had with her an adopted daughter about 17 years old who is a fine girl, steady and industrious and her features and hair are but one remove from the pure saxon. It seem that my boy Toney who by the way is an excellent "man of all work" and who has been with me since leaving Nashville has struck up a match with the beautiful quadroon who assists "Aunt Betsey" in the kitchen department. And the "happy event" comes off tomorrow evening. The Chaplain to officiate on the occasion. I have set apart one room at Hd. Qrs for the benefit of the occasion and in deep perplexity in regard to what shall be the present to the young bride (Dina)

Nov. 5th 1864 - Hd. Qrs United States Forces Athens Ala.

The "interesting ceremony" before mentioned between my cook and black boy took place last evening. The Hall of the large mansion occupied as Hd. Qrs. was detailed to that purpose. The Chaplain officiating .

Some firing yesterday and today in the direction of Florence but I do not apprehend an immediate attack here. Have been preparing however for such an event by strengthening the abatis around the fort. The 174 Ohio Col. Jones Comdg. came up from Elk River ford today and will proceed to Decatur having been ordered there. It is rumored the Sherman has cut loose from his communications and is slashing things around in Ga. So mobile it is.

Nov. 11 64 - Hd. Qrs. U.S. Forces Athens Ala.

Everything is extremely dull in this vicinity. Genl. Croxton still keeps the one Division of Hoods Army which has crossed the river at bay and we are not excited by fears of an advance. Lincolns election is insured which creates much joy in camps and will be a terrible blow to our "enemy Bros. and Sisters of the south" who have based all their hopes of late upon the election of Lincoln or rather McClellan I should say. I wrote to J. yesterday the answer will be a turning point in my life. [this possibly is Jennie Bond, Wade’s future wife, Ed.] Played games of chess this eve with Lt. Arnold visited one picket post. Surg. Wolf 181st Ohio who I appointed Post Surg. is relieved by Assistant Surgeon Force. I have recommended Hosp. Steward Applegate for the vacant assistant Surgeon in the 73rd. Had a good skirmish frill with the Battalion today.

Nov. 17th 1864 - Head Qrs. United States Forces Athens Ala.

My "100" which a few days since were ordered down to Decatur returned today without having met the enemy simply because there was no enemy there as every sensible man knew at the time. The baggage rations ammunition and guards sent with it have also returned so that I have my seven companies here now.

The election news is glorious. State after state has nobly wheeled into line and emphatically endorsed "farther Abrahams" policy to crush the rebellion. Poor little mac the copperhead leader can boast of but three states Kentucky New Jersey and Delaware. This knocks the last hope from under the sinking cause of the Confederacy and I prophetize that next spring will witness the closing struggle. I notice in the papers today an account of the capture of the Rebel Privateer Florida by one of our steamers the Massachusetts I believe. If the papers have the true accounts of this affair I am afraid that it will lead to complications between the Brazilian and our Government. It seems that the Florida was lying in the neutral port of Bahia when she was pounced upon by our steamer and carried off a prize with scarcely any assistance. I have not noticed one word of condemnation for this act in the papers but it seems to one that we shall have to give up the vessel and prisoners or go to war with Brazil. Indeed I presume all nations will censure the act as contrary to the law of nations. I have succeeded in getting a few more appointments in the Regiment to fill vacancies 1st Sergt. James Beeber is promoted to Captain "D" Sergt. Winfield S. Ramsay to 1 Lieut. Company "D" Sergt. Major Rufus M. Brown to 2nd Lt. Company "F" Hosp. Stew. Charles H. Applegate to Asst. Surgeon. They are ordered to Nashville for muster.

The public or amy have been able to obtain no news from Sherman since he "cut loose from civilization." I presume the first news we hear will come from southern sources. I made out two monthly returns this p.m. simply to keep my ‘hand in" concerning the Adjutants business. My drill etc has been somewhat broken in upon lately but shall commence the regular routine tomorrow.

Dec. 18th 1864 - Head Qrs. 73rd Indiana Infantry Stevenson Ala.

I feel like shouting "Glory Hallelujah" Genl. Sherman - I would say Thomas has captured thou. [thousands, Ed.] Divisions of Hoods Army and that doughty General is falling back with the remnant of his army. That is all the news that we have up to date but the construction trains are at work on both ends of the road and I presume we shall have communications soon. For twenty days I havent seen a newspaper . It seems awful and is extremely aggravating at this particular time. After such momentous events are occurring. Capt. Stevens Brigade inspector inspected the Regt. or rather what there was of it in camp today. The details are excessive and we cannot finish them but will have to keep the men on every day.

Feb. 5th 1865 Head Qrs. Post Larkinsville Ala.

Everything is very quiet in this vicinity. I hear of 60 guerrillas 9 miles from here but have not got enough mounted force to pursue them. Stevens[Stephens] Hunter and Campell Peace Commissions have arrived at Fortress Monroe from Richmond but cannot think that they will accomplish anything. Mother was kind enough to send me a box of good things from home. There is much hope now of the exchange of the 73rd officers as Gov. Morton is currently at work trying to effect it and has sent Col. Coburn to Washington for that purpose. Have received a six pdr. gun and cassion from Battery D, First Missouri and am prepared for the Rebs should they give us a call. Weather pleasant.

Apr. 14th 1865 Larkinsville Ala.

Glory Hallelujah. Lee’s army surrendered the greatest event of the war whipped badly when it had the advantage of fortifications nothing was left it but to surrender upon taking the field and pursued by our army. The surrender was made on the ninth inst. and the War Department ordered a salute of two hundred guns to be fired at every post in the Union for that and the raising today of the old flag over Sumpter. I am making these grand old mountains reverberate with shot shell and canisters from my six pounders. The great rebellion is now virtually over and had I a better pen and paper to write upon I’d grow enthusiastic over the event. But my satisfaction is to great to be expressed.

Apr. 19th 1865 - Larkinsville Ala.

Today alas our flag is at half mast for the death of our beloved President. He was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre Washington on the night of the 14th. I received the news on the 15th and my flag has been at half mast ever since yesterday. I fired a gun every half hour from sunrise to sunset. Today is the funeral and the War Dept. has ordered all labor to be suspended at Military Posts and twenty one minute guns to be fired at 12 a.m. J. Wilkes Booth as the assassin. The deed is chargeable upon the whole southern people however for it is the national fruit of rebellion failing to stand up against freemen in the open fight. They resort to this banal and cowardly manner of renting their passions

May 14th 1865 - Larkinsville Ala.

General Granger has just telegraphed me that Jeff. Davis and staff was captured on the 10th Greenville, Ga. by Col. Pritchard 4th Mich. Cav. Glorious news. Now when he is hung the last act in this bloody tragedy of civil war will have ended. He will undoubtedly be first tried for complicity in the assassination of President Lincoln but he should be hung for treason. This is no time for false sympathy with traitors and we cannot afford to make treason respectable. Lieut. Booher Co I lately Prisoner of War has returned to the Regiment and we expect several officers tomorrow. Took a long ride this P.M. with Surg. and orderly McCoy. Rode over the mountains for twelve miles but did not roust any guerrillas. Weather pleasant. Wrote coz. J on 12th this month.

June 18th 1865 - Head Quarters M. & C. R.R. Larkinsville

My commission as Colonel 73rd Regiment Indiana Infantry Volunteers came today. It was forwarded by Gov. Morton sometime since but was lost in the mail it is dated July 6th, 1864 So that I have been Col. for nearly a year without knowing it. Wm. M. Kendalls Commission as Lieut. Col. also arrived. there are rumors afloat that we will go to Nashville this week but I hardly believe it. general (Brt. Major Genl.) Granger in his recommendation stated that I was the bravest and most efficient officer on duty in the district which is saying a good deal and Im thankful for his good opinion. as there are two Brt. Brig and half a doz. Cols. in the dist. it places me rather high.

July 1st 1865 - Head Qrs. 73rd Ind. Nashville

The 73rd Indiana was mustered out of the service today and all its members are citizens once more. We are entitled to pay however until our arrival at home. One hundred and fourteen recruits were left behind to make up term of enlistment and they have been assigned to the 29th Indiana. We shall start tomorrow afternoon in an extra passenger train for Louisville and thence to Indianapolis where final payment will be made. Am heartily glad that the end of our obligations to Uncle Sam has arrived at last. Received a dear good letter from Jennie today and one from Mother yesterday. Weather warm and oppressive. Have sent Major Kendall and Lt. Williams to Louisville and Indianapolis to make necessary arrangements.

July 11th 1865 - South Bend

Home again! after three years experience in the tented field and well satisfied am I to be again at rest and well rid of the worry and confusion of the past thou. weeks. So. Bend has changed a great deal since I was here. It has been incorporated as a city and the late fire and improvements of the business part of town just in ..... of erection make the town look very rugged. In the course of a year however the new houses will be completed and a great improvement will be visible. Attended quite a social party at Mr. Hendricks this eve and met an array of wit and beauty to which I’ve been a stranger for the last two years.

MARRIED!!!

At the residence of the bride’s father in Niles Michigan Sept. 5 1865 by Rev. T. Dwight Hunt - Alfred B. Wade late Colonel 73rd Indiana to Jennie Y. Bond

and so ends my journal ---- Alf. B.

"All is well that ends well"

Yours Truly

Jennie Y Bond.