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Government Political organization Political units
Band Tribe Chiefdom
State Centralized vs. decentralized Nuer
Leopard-skin chief Age-grade Bigman (tononi or Kapauku, New Guinea) Kinship
Descent group The Igbo of Nigeria Sanctions (formal & informal)
Punishments Dispute resolution Adamson Hoebel
Negotiation Mediation "civil law"
Religion and social control common-interest association Pantheon
Animism Shaman Priest
Rites of passage "The Golden Bough"
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Magic & witchcraft Emile Durkhem Divination
Art & religion "folklore" Poetry
Narrative Myths Legends & epics
Tales Ethnomusicology Pentatonic
Adaptive system Diffusion Coppernicus
Ralph Linton Native Americans Acculturation
Genocide Revitalization Movement "muernization"
Holistic approach Cultural Pluralism
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