Weekly Outlines March into April
Part II

Latest Update March 30 2005

For course notes just

Week Four March 7 - 10

• Elements of Triton; Internet assignment D
  Will be due on March 10; LATES WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
  Do not let this go to the last day and don't expect to come to class on Monday and have me tell you what to do.
• Start of the mole: mass of a bag of Skittles is 64.8 g, how many in the bag?
• The Mole Concept: Chapter Six
• Get out the calculator; here comes the MATH, but first how can you visualize the concept
  
  its the same idea as a dozen eggs, a ream of paper or my favorite, a bag of Skittles.
  Extra understanding is found by following the pencil   
• Review from last day: uses the analogy that 1 mole is equivalent to a bag of Skittles
  Therefore 1 bag is the same as 64 grams is the same as 63 Skittles. All the quantities say the same thing.
  Similarly a mole of any substance has a fixed weight or mass and a given number of particles
  (Avogadro's number 6.022 x 10²³)
• Using the formula weight of an atom to determine the molecular weight of a compound.
  Extra reading and help; follow the pencil   
• Formula weights and Avogadro's number; determining the number of atoms or molecules in as given sample when the number of moles is given and determining the number of moles when given the number of particles.
• Converting number of moles to grams and number of grams to moles. This concept is extremely important.
• Nice summary page 192 top of the page.
• Percentage Composition , start of chapter 6.
• Determining the Emperical Formual given the percent composition of a sample. The reverse of the Percente Composition question.
• Make sure you check the homework assigned and do it
• March break is next week

Week Five March 21 - 24

• Review of mole coverstion questions. grams <=> Mole <=> # of molecules/atoms Test on Thursday.
• Review of the empirical formula question
• True Formula determinting the actual of true formula of a sample given the percent composition and its formula weight.
• Strontium, oxygen experiment was choosen. Mini experiment showing the synthesis of SrO. A look at the mole ratios and determining a molecular formula for this reaction. Although not done as a student lab the activity will done for the class and how to work the numbers so as to arrive at a chemical formula. Lego example to be used to show balancing, % composition and empirical formula determination using Lego adjusted weights: mass blue 28 g and mass yellow  12 g. Blue for strontium and yellow for oxygen. Remember that oxygen comes as O₂
  This example will also lend itself to showing you what a limiting reagent is.
• Practice with Empirical and True Formula problems.
• Back to balancing equations, more practice.
• Start of "Working with the Balance Equation". This is also called STOICHIOMETRY
  coffee and Tim bits example and its mirror image Pb and Cl₂
• A lot of practice with this topic, lots of homework time in class.
  Extra help, here's the pencil   

This note also explains Limiting Reagent which comes up next week.

Week Six March 29 - 31 Tuesday this week and retest this week; Thursday

• Lego demonstrations to show reaction stiochiometry. Used to represent the reaction of calcium and chlorine.
• Possible experiment; decoposition of potassium chlorate, will be shown with values provided for analysis. Should be a lab report, how to write up a lab worksheet provided.
• The System listen and follow carefully. It will solve all ratio related problems.
• Problem types you will encounter; remember that all problem types are based on the balance equation.
  When doing these problems use the pattern you where taught and watch your units
  1. Mole : Mole ratios
  2. Mass : Mass ratios
  3. Mole : Mass ratios
• The Limiting Reagent; chapter 7.2 in the book
  Was introduced using Lego blocks showing excess reaagent or reactant and the limiting reagent or ractant that dicatates how much product will be produced. How to identify and use in stiochiometric questions
  Internet help can be found at the above pencil
• The "Limiting Reagent" problem;

Week Seven April 4 - 7 Test this week Chapter 7 material

• Percentage yield questions; done with and without a limiting reagent.
  This is about as hard as it gets.
• Combinations of both pecentage yield and limiting reagent
• Introduction to Solutions
  The terms used for solutions; solubility, concentrated or dilute
• The different units of solutions
• Definitional terms that define the characteristics and properties of solutions; make sure you review them. Units ==> mol/L
• Different types of solutions: unsaturated, saturated, supersaturated
• Effect of temperature on solution solubility, the solubility curve
• Aqueous and non-aqueous solutions

Week Eight April 11 - 14 Wednesday this week

• Date switch Thursday has to be moved to Wednesday 14 to 13
• Test on Monday Chapter seven
• A further look at solubility curves
• Solubility of gases and Henry's Law
• Concentration of Solutions 8.3 in text book
  Watch your units on this one
• How to make a solution of known or given concentration, again, watch your units
• Working with Solutions & the Balance Equation.
  Same format to be used only in these problems instead of being given a mass or molar amount you are given a solution concentration. This concentration must first be converted to moles and the problem solved with this unit. You may have to answer the question in concentation units which means you switch the number of moles into moles per liter, which means you simply divide by the volume.
• Solubility charts and insoluble salts
  Precipitate formation as a result of a double replacement reaction.
• Introduction to Acid and Bases

Week Nine April 18 - 21

• Test next Monday
• More review of last days work wrap up of chapter nine
• homework question reviewed in class and to be used a model for the next test
• pH and hydrogen ion concentration
• Acid - Base theory; the pH scale
  Arrhenius Theory and the Bronsted-Lowery Theory
• Terms to be aware of: hydronium ion, conjugate acid base pairs <.

Week Ten April 25 - 28 only one day this week

• weak and strong acids or bases; experimental evidence of acid/base strength
li> pH; working with the numbers: be able to switch, using your calculator, from H⁺ ion concentration to pH and visa versa
• Weak and strong electrolytes (acids/bases). The experiment.
• Lab to investigate the pH colour changes for the indicators
  1. methyl red or orange; red - yellow
  2. bromthymol blue; yellow - blue
  3. phenolphthalein; colourless - red
  4. all together now
• Book questions and get prepared for titration lab
• The Titration (probable experiment). Should take two days
• Titration of a known acid (HCl) with a known base (NaOH). This will be followed by you being given an unknown sample of KOH or NaOH and you carrying out a titration with an acid of known concentration and determining the unknown's concentration and/or massed amount.
• A look at a titration curve and intoduction to titration terminology

Week Eleven May 2 - 5

• Introduction to the Gas Laws, Unit 4 Chapter 11
1. Intoduction to Kinetic Molecular Theory A little do it yourself For Friday
2. The INTERNET assignment: Gas Laws; Boyle's & Charles' Laws, is due next week.You should be working on this and asking assistance if required.
• Internet assigment Gas Laws, Boyle's & Charles'due next week, Monday
• KMT looks at the following topics with emphasis on molecules and molecular motion. KMT is not studied through macroscopic properties or explinations.
  1. States of matter
  2. Gas Pressure: what it is and measuring it
  3. Gas pressure and boiling point
  4. Temperature scales
• Boyle's Law
• Charles' Law, graph shown below
  
• Guy-Lussac's Law, Apparatus to measure pressure temperature is shown
  
• Remember: In all calculations you must use Kelvin scale
• The combined Gas Law & STP
• Lots of Gas Law mathematical problems. We'll work with you on this.
• Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures. Collecting gas over water; see diagram below
  
• listen carefully in class for complete explination
• The Mole & Gases ==> Avogadro's hypothesis and the Standard molar volume (22.414 L at STP per mol of gas)
• Ideal Gas Law ==> using PV = nRT
• Working with the Gas Laws
• PV = nRT Ideal Gas Law; an equation of state
• Using Gas Laws and the Balanced Equation;
  At STP you can use 22.4 L/mol
  If not at STP, solve problem for the number of moles, then use PV = nRT for the final volume
• The balanced equation using LITRE as a unit
  Determining the volume of a gas produced from a balanced equation: using the volume unit "litre"
  Conditions: at STP & not at STP
• Lab on stoichiometric collection of a gas collected over water.

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