Unit Readings:

        Chapter 6: pp. 244-245 (Carolingian Manor); pp. 251-254 (Feudal Society)

        Chapter 7: pp. 263-270 (The Investiture Struggle & The Crusades)

        Chapter 8: pp. 293-302 (Medieval Society)

Sophie’s World – "The Middle Ages" (review)

Terms – Identify each of the following terms in complete sentences (who, what, when, where!). Then write a sentence explaining why the item is historically significant.

1. Primary Source
2. Secondary Source
3. Feudalism
4. Vassal
5. Benefice/Fief
6. Fealty
7. Scutage
8. Liege Lord
9. Manorialism
10. Manor
11. Demesne
12. Lord
13. Freeman
14. Serf
15. 3-Field System
16. Fallow
17. Gregory VII
18. Lay Investiture
19. Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire)
20. Canossa
21. Concordat of Worms
22. Knight
23. Nobility
24. Monk
25. Asceticism
26. Banalities
27. Regular Clergy
28. Secular Clergy

Paragraph Questions - Respond to the following questions in one or more well-written paragraphs. Remember to begin your paragraphs w/ strong topic sentences!

1. Define "history" as thoroughly as you can, explaining what distinguishes it from "the past."
2. Explain the mutual obligations that lords and their vassals owed to each other under feudalism. (WH pp. 252-253)
3. Explain the mutual obligations that lords and their serfs owed to each other under manorialism. (WH pp. 244-245, pp. 299-300)
4. Discuss the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV over lay investiture. How was the conflict ultimately resolved? (WH – pp. 263-266)
5. Analyze the original purposes of and motives for the crusades and their ultimate effect on European history. (WH pp. 266-270)
6. Explain the functions played by the clergy that gave them such a prominent role in medieval society. (WH pp. 298-299)