The Crown & The Cross
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The Catholic League, 1609
Document Courtesy of H. H. Hofmann (ed.), Quellen zum Verfassungsorganismus, 1495-1815 (Darmstadt, 1976), P. 153-156

 


The League was made between Bavaria, Wuerzburg and most of the ecclesiastical rulers in the Empire at Munich in July 1609, and was agreed for nine years in the first instance.  The commander of the League was Duke Maxamillian of Bavaria.  He had already ‘disciplined’ the Protestants of the Imperial city of Donauwoerth on his own initiative in 1607.

     We agree that no one of us shall aid, help or succour in any manner whatsoever each other’s enemy, but instead give advice and real aid to prosecute such an enemy just as if he were one’s own enemy.  And any such action is to be reported immediately to the commander of the League who will be requested to provide advice and aid.
 
     Since we live in these dangerous and warlike times as well within as outwith the Empire, the members of the League are to exchange information of any clandestine or open recruiting of soldiers, armaments or similar activities that come to their notice, in 0order to warn their fellow members in good faith, and to inform the commander of the League by letter, or where the matter is too dangerous for that, by word of mouth.  The commander of the League will then know what action to take and he may decide to call an assembly of the League[bundstag] or arrange the necessary military action[bundshilf] through consultation with his subordinates and other military advisors appointed by the League.
 
      Should anyone among our federated ranks be attacked by anyone acting against the land and religious peace of the Empire, its constitutions and Imperial assembly laws, and should all attempts at legal and peaceful mediation be of no avail, then the aggrieved party is to inform the commander of the League, who will immediately inform the aggressor to desist, inviting him to accept the mediation of the League.  But if a member of the League himself does not abide by the laws of the Empire, the League is not bound to support that member in his specific conflict…

     If one or other member of the League is directly attacked, all other members are by virtue of this agreement bound to come to his rescue, but the attacked member shall have no right to make a separate peace with his attacker.  Instead he shall negotiate peace to the full satisfaction of all his fellow members in the League.
 
     Henceforth every Estate and member of the League shall undertake to keep his land and people in good military preparedness, in order to be ready to defend himself against any disadvantage or damage, and should such disadvantage and damage [schaden und nachtail] nevertheless occur, all members of the League shall be committed to help and to compensate him for his loses.
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