The Kallisto Effect

chromosome

Structure in a cell nucleus that carries the genes. Each chromosome consists of one very long strand of DNA, coiled and folded to produce a compact body. The point on a chromosome where a particular gene occurs is known as its locus. Most higher organisms have two copies of each
chromosome (they are diploid) but some have only one (they are haploid). There are 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell. See also mitosis and meiosis. Chromosomes are only visible during cell
division; at other times they exist in a less dense form called chromatin. The first artificial human chromosome was built by US geneticists early 1997. They constructed telomeres,centromeres, and DNA containing genetic information, which they removed from white blood cells, and inserted them into human cancer cells. The cells assembled the material into chromosomes. The artificial chromosome was successfully passed onto all daughter cells.