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THE IRISH CONNECTION
with compliments of
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PLEASE NOTE:
The following is the abridged text of a lecture delivered by V Wor Bro Ron A. Cook, PGIW, 218CC Local Secretary, and published in the VLOR's transactions for 1995 entitled Freemasonry Uncovered'.
The full text may be obtained by email from the Correspondence Circle Secretary, W Bro Graeme Love. Please be sure include your snail-mail address and sufficient information to identify your masonic standing.
Submitted by V Wor Bro Ron A. Cook, PGIW, 218CC Local Secretary
The purpose of this paper is to show the similarity in the formation of the first stationary lodges in the Colonies of N.S.W. and Van Diemen's Land. To identify the members and to indicate the link between the British Regiments of Foot and the Irish Grand Lodge, the "Irish connection". The Regiments are placed in chronological order so as to place them in their proper time frame.
New South Wales (NSW) Corps
The New South Wales Corps was raised in London in 1789, especially for service
in N.S.W. In 1793, the officers of the Corps were given complete commercial
freedom by the acting Governor, Capt Grose, NSW Corps. They instituted rum
as the common currency. With control over commerce and currency the officers
of the Corps became rich and powerful and were responsible, through the
machinations of John Macarthur, for the recall of Governors Hunter and King.
It was deeply involved in the usurpation on the 26th January, 1808 of Governor
Bligh; which caused the regiment to become redesignated as the 102nd
Regiment-of-the-Line, and ordered to return to England in 1810. This rebellion
was manipulated by John Macarthur, an ex-officer of the N.S.W Corps and a
powerful land owner, to escape the charge of sedition. The N.S.W Corps being
newly raised had no lodge attached to it but, three privates of the Corps,
George Kerr [cerr], Peter Farrell and George Black petitioned for a warrant
from the Grand Lodge of Ireland. In the minutes of that Grand Lodge of the
6th July,1797 the decision to issue a warrant was deferred. No reason for
the deferral is given in the minutes and no further mention of the petition
appears in any of the subsequent minutes. The next reference to freemasonry
which concerned the N.S.W Corps was a ceremony that Capt Anthony Fenn Kemp
of the N.S.W. Corps underwent in a French "Lodge" "not regularly constituted
but properly assembled" on board one of Baudin's ships during their stay
in Sydney in 1802. Anthony Fenn Kemp was born at Aldgate, London in 1773,
and educated at Greenwich. He arrived in Port Jackson as an ensign with Governor
Hunter in June 1790. Fenn was one of Macarthur's cabal and deeply involved
in the arrest of Governor Bligh. He returned to England and was a witness
for the defence in Lt. Col. Johnston's court martial on the charge of mutiny.
Kemp's evidence was proven to be false and mostly hearsay. He remained in
England for four years then returned to Van Diemen's Land in 1815. Fenn died
at "Bertrams" in the Sandy Bay district of Hobart on the 28th October,1868.
The 73rd Regiment of Foot
The New South Wales Corps was replaced by the 73rd Regiment of Foot. The
1st Battalion of the Regiment arrived at Port Jackson [Sydney], N.S.W. on
the 1st of January,1810. It was to share garrison and convict guard duties
with the Royal Veteran Company of N.S.W. Its commanding officer, Lt. Col.
Maurice Charles Philip O'Connell, was the father of Sir Maurice Charles
O'Connell, the first Provincial Grand Master, Irish Constitution, in Queensland.
His mother, Mary, was the daughter of Governor Bligh. This regiment had no
lodge attached to it.
46th [South Devonshire] Regiment of Foot
The 73rd was relieved in February, 1814 by the 46th [South Devonshire] Regiment
of Foot. The commanding officer was Lt. Col. George James Molle, who was
sworn in as Lt. Governor on his arrival. This Regiment was first raised in
1741 as the 57th, and from 1748 to 1782 as the 46th Regiment of Foot. After
1782 it became the 46th [South Devonshire] Regiment of Foot. The 46th held
an Irish travel warrant No.227, dated 1752. This Regimental lodge was named
"Lodge of Social and Military Virtues". No.227 and was the first legitimate
and properly constituted lodge in the colony of N.S.W. The members of No.227
did not consider themselves entitled to initiate any but military men of
commissioned rank or a civilian of a very high social status. The Regimental
members of the lodge, were, as per the the "Return of Members" at the 27th
December, 1818. [It is unfortunate that no earlier returns can be found in
the Archives of the Grand Lodge of Ireland]:-
W.M. Capt Edward Sanderson joined 17 Jan 1811
S.W. Capt Thomas Miller joined 16 Apr 1813
J.W. Lt. Henry K. Hemsworth raised 17 Jan 1811
P.M. Lt. George L. Grant raised 1 Apr 1811
Treas. Lt. James Madigan raised 26 Oct 1816
Sec. Lt. D. Leith Cox raised 26 Oct 1816
S.D. Capt. Thomas Thompson raised 7 May 1813
J.D. Capt. B.G. Humfrey raised 26 Oct 1816
Member Lt. Col. George James Molle joined 28 Oct 1816
In the Sydney Gazette and Advertiser of the 9th of November, 1816, a report is given in full, of the masonic ceremony of laying the foundation of Capt. John Pipers' intended building on that beautiful and commanding point, Elizabeth Point [now Point Piper, a suburb of Sydney]. Unfortunately, this report gives surnames only. A cross check against the Grand Lodge of Irelands' members register has identified few. Where there are two of the same surname recorded, it becomes a matter of guess work to make an identification. Bro. Past Master Hugh McDonalds' membership is an enigma. He was the Regimental Quarter-Master, but there is no record of him in the Grand Lodge of Irelands' register, or on the lodge return; yet he signed John Oxleys' lodge certificate as treasurer of the lodge! "On arrival at Elizabeth Point the brethren retired to a private spot, east of the foundation. The lodge was opened in solemn form and order. The Rt. Wor. Master having given the necessary cautions, the procession was marshalled by the Master of Ceremonies in the following order:-
Bro Hetherington, Jr., Tyler, with sword. [Lt. J. Hetherington, member]
Band of the 46th Regiment.
Bros Thompson and Campbell, with Deacons' Wands. [Capt. Thomas Thompson, member - The Campbell mentioned could be one of two, John or A. There was a Lt. Campbell and a Pay Master Campbell, both are recorded as members.]
Bros Jamison and Oxley. [Sir John Jamison, surgeon, explorer and land owner, member. Lt. John Oxley, RN, explorer, author and land holder, member.]
Wylde and Herbert [visiting brethren] hand in hand. [Judge Advocate John Wylde, later Sir John, civilian member. - Herbert, no information can be found on a "Herbert" in the colony, but he must of had a high social status for Piper to invite him to attend. There is no Herbert on the Grand Lodge register. He could have been a visiting Freemason.]
Bro Humfrey, with Candlestick. [Capt B.G. Humfrey,JD in the 1818 return.]
Bros Cox and Madigan, Globes. [Lt. D. Leith Cox, Secretary and Lt. James Madigan, Treasurer.]
Bro Hemsworth, Box of Coins and Charity Box. [Lt. Henry K. Hemsworth, JW in the 1818 return.]
Bros Bent and Moore. [The Hon Mr Justice Jeffrey Hart Bent, Supreme Court Judge and civilian member. - William H. Moore, solicitor, civilian member.]
Bro Dawe, with Roll. [Charles Dawe, could have been a Capt., member.]
Banner borne by Bro Hill. Supporter, Bro Higgins [as RC Knight].
Supporter, Bro McIntosh [as Knights Templar]. [There is no "Hill" on the GL register or return. Lt. Charles Higgins, member. - Charles McIntosh, member.]
Bro Renny, Candlestick. [Another unknown - not on the register.]
Bro Molle [Lt. Governor], Bro Allan [Commanding Gen]. [Lt. Col. George James Molle, Comdr of the 46th, member. - David Allan, Commissary, member.]
Bro Harris with basket of Corn. [Surgeon John Harris late of the infamous NSW Corps and landowner, member.]
Bro McVitie with pitcher of Wine, and Bro Horsely with pitcher of Oil. [T. McVitie, member - J. Horsley, Mr Justice Bents' Associate, civilian member.]
Bro Piper with Candlestick. [Capt. John Piper, ex-member of the infamous NSW Corps and former Commandant of Norfolk Island and Naval Officer, as Collector of Customs and Excise, member.]
Bros Wardens, Miller and McKenzie with Columns. [Capt Thomas Miller,S.W. - Major J. McKenzie, member.]
Bro McDonnell with Masters' Column. [George McDonnell, member.]
Bro P Master McDonald with Bible, Square & Compasses, and Charter placed thereon a cushion. [Quarter-Master Hugh McDonald is not on the register or return of members.]
Rt Wor Master Bro Sanderson, Supporter, and Bro Grant, MC with emblem of his office. Supporter, Bro O'Connor, Kt Templar, in full attire. [Capt Edward Sanderson, WM - PM Lt. George L. Grant - J.R. O'Connor, "J" of the Royal Arch Chapter, Mount Olive, No227 attached to the Regiment, all members.]
To close the procession: Bro Drummond, Sr., Tyler, with sword. [David Drummond who is recorded as a member in the Grand Lodge register in July,1805, could have resigned on the 22nd May,1813, or he could have been omitted from the return of members for 1813 as were 10 others on the same date.].
The then Governor, Maj. Gen. Lachlan Macquarie,.[first army officer to be Governor] had been initiated into the Bombay Lodge, Bombay, India some thirty years before the arrival in Australia of the 46th Regiment. It proved to be somewhat unfortunate that all the regimental members of No.227 displayed an unmasonic attitude towards him over his taste in dinner guests and his method of reform. Lt. Col. Molle was encouraged by his brethren's attitude and engaged himself in an intrigue to displace his masonic and military brother from office and to hunt for the means of insulting and discrediting the reformed emancipists. So it must be regretted that the members of No.227 individually lacked some of the qualities aspired by Freemasons, unanimity and concord. They were to fail in achieving their aims as Macquarie was to become the longest serving military governor from 1st January,1810 to 1st December,1821.
It is proposed to identify the men of lodge No.227, 46th Regiment, who played a part in the history of the colony of NSW by giving a brief biographical "thumbnail" sketch of them:
Lt. Col. George James Molle was born into a landed Scottish family in 1773. He joined the Scots Brigade [later the 94th Regiment] in June 1793, as an ensign. He served in Gibraltar, the Cape of Good Hope, India, Egypt and Spain. Molle was regularly promoted until he reached the rank of Lt Colonel in September,1808. He transferred to the 46th Regiment when it was ordered to New South Wales in 1813, as its commanding officer. On his arrival in the colony in 1814, he was appointed Lt Governor. He was an active member of No.227, the Irish lodge attached to the Regiment and participated in the first public masonic ceremony carried out in Port Jackson, the laying of the foundation stone of Captain John Piper's mansion. He was feted by the "Exclusives" and proved to become a headache to Governor Macquarie by his insistence of having D'Arcy Wentworth [a surgeon in the colony] court martialled on quite ridiculous charges. He became such a vain and pompous nuisance to Macquarie that Macquarie asked London to have the 46th Regiment removed to rid himself of Molle. In 1817, the 48th Regiment arrived and Molle departed to Madras. He died at Belgaum, India, on the 9th September,1823.
John Piper was born at Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 20th April,1773. He was seventeen when he was commissioned as an ensign in the New South Wales Corps. He arrived in Port Jackson in 1792 and served on Norfolk Island from 1793 to 1795. By 1800 he was promoted to Captain. In 1804 he returned to Norfolk Island and remained there until 1810. In 1811 Piper resigned his commission from the 102nd Regiment and returned to England. In 1813 he was appointed "Naval Officer" [as the collector of customs and excise was then called]. This was the plumb job in Port Jackson as it gave him the right to take a percentage of all excise on spirits and custom dues exacted on imported goods, it was worth more than four hundred pounds a year to him. He returned to Port Jackson aboard the "General Hewitt" in February,1814 to take up his new appointment. He built Henrietta Villa, otherwise known as the "Naval Pavilion" on a 190 acre harbour side promontory, Elizabeth Point, granted to him by Governor Macquarie and known today as Point Piper. In 1816 he married Mary Ann Sheers, a daughter of James Sheers, first fleeter, ex "Scarborough" and Mary nee Smith, also a first fleeter, ex "Lady Penrhyn". Mary Ann had been his mistress on Norfolk Island and before their formal marriage, bore him four children. In 1822 he was chairman of directors of the bank of New South Wales. In 1827 his fortune collapsed and he was found to be a defaulter to the amount of thirteen thousand five hundred and seventy-five pounds. He was forced to retire to his property at Relso, west of the Blue Mountains in N.S.W. He died on the 8th June,1851.
David Allan was born in 1780. He arrived in Port Jackson aboard the "Fortune" in June 1813. Allan was granted 2,200 acres called "Illawarra Farm", at Red Point [near Port Kembla] N.S,W., on the 24th January 1817. Allan mismanaged the commissary stores to the extent that it was impossible to do an audit as he had mixed public monies with his own and a stocktake of the stores proved many shortages also. He was described by Macquarie as "the malicious commissary clerk" and was dismissed by the Governor. He returned to Europe aboard the "Surrey" about 1819.
Justice Jeffrey Hart Bent was born in 1781 at Surrey, England. Educated at Cambridge and called to the Bar in 1805. Appointed first Judge of the Supreme Court of Civil Judicature in N.S.W. He arrived in Port Jackson on the 28th July,1814. Bent was an extra ultra-conservative and even embarrassed some of the ultra-conservatives of the "Exclusives". He proved to be idle and haughty, and he and Governor Macquarie detested one another on sight. This friction rendered the judicial system unworkable. Bent thought of emancipists as permanently drunken serfs and refused point-blank to hear any case brought by ex-convict lawyers. As there were only three lawyers in the colony at that time, and they were ex-convicts, it made it impossible to plead any case. Macquarie protested to Bent in vain, as in May 1815, it was ruled that no lawyer disbarred in England could plead in Australia. Macquarie then wrote to the colonial secretary, Lord Bathurst, threatening to resign if Jeffery Bent and his ailing brother, Ellis, the colony's Judge Advocate, were not both re-called. Bathurst was extremely concerned over the complete break down of the relationship between government and bench and recalled both Bents. Ellis Bent, however, died on the 10th November,1815 some months before his formal letter of dismissal arrived from England. His brother, Jeffrey Bent, was dismissed by the Colonial Office as Supreme Court Judge in December,1816. He left the colony in late 1817 and returned to England. Justice Bent was raised on the 1st June,1817 in No.227 and had been exalted into the Royal Arch Chapter, Mount Olive No.227, on the 5th February,1817. A letter dated the 12th May,1817 was received by Bent from the Lodge No.227 stating in part ..."Your name will be retained on the records of the lodge for ever, it is the only compliment we can as Masons pay you, as men we hope we have ever shown you the high estimation in which we hold your public conduct, trusting that after having enjoyed a pleasant meeting with your friends in Europe, you will rejoin the lodge in Calcutta holding a similar situation to the one held here when first admitted into our sacred Mysteries. In the mean time we commit you to the guardianship of the Grand Architect of the Universe hoping he will take you into his Holy Keeping and conduct you in safety to your Native Land". The letter was signed: "Your affectionate Brethren, D.Allan, G.C.Grant and John Piper". He made a number of attempts to get himself appointed Governor of New South Wales. He was appointed to several judicial posts in the Caribbean and died at George Town in British Guiana on the 29th June,1852.
William Henry Moore was born in London c 1788. Eldest son of John Moore, solicitor and his first wife, Martha [Ann] nee Field. He was educated at the Westminster School and on the completion of his schooling went into his father's law firm and was admitted an attorney of the superior courts of Westminster. He was recommended, in 1814, for the appointment of an independent "Solicitor of the Crown" in NSW to eliminate the problem with emancipated solicitors; as brought about by Mr Justice G Jeffrey Bent. Moore arrived at Port Jackson on the 27th January, 1815 aboard the "Marquis of Wellington". In May,1815 he took up his appointment. He was soon to blot ; his copybook with Governor Macquarie with an ill considered and illegal act of usurping the Governor's authority by acting as the agent for the Rev. Benjamin Vale to seize the schooner "The Traveller" in a vain attempt to try to recoup his financial loss on his resignation from his appointment as assistant chaplain to the military. Macquarie had given permission for the vessel to enter the port and discharge her cargo. When Macquarie heard of the seizure he was furious and immediately removed the arrest of the schooner and ordered Vale into military custody. Moore's salary was stopped, his name ordered off the Government stores list, and all his indulgences were withheld. Vale forced this matter to degenerate into an attack on the Governor by drawing up a petition to the House of Commons naming grievances of certain colonists against Macquarie. Justice Bent drew up another, saying that Vale's petition was not severe enough. Moore left this petition in his office and invited the residents of the colony to sign it. It would appear that there proved to be very little support for it, so Moore signed a few names himself. Moore admitted to the Governor that he had added some names and apologized to Macquarie at Government House in the presence of the Lt. Governor, Judge Advocate Wylde and Mr Justice Field. The apology was accepted and both men shook hands. In 1820, Moore was offered a grant of land of one thousand acres. He was appointed temporarily, in March, 1827, as Attorney General. However, in January 1834, Governor Bourke suspended him from the office of Crown Solicitor for neglect of duties. In 1842 Moore applied unsuccessfully for the position of Town Clerk of the new Sydney Municipal Council. From 1836 to 1842 he was a director of the Commercial Banking Co of Sydney. In 1842 he was made insolvent. However, it appears that he may have been discharged from bankruptcy about July,1845. He died on the 13th October, 1854 at Sydney. Moore was initiated sometime prior to the Piper extravaganza, i.e. November,1816 into the 46th Regiment's Irish Constitution lodge No.227. His name appears in the Irish Grand Lodge Register as a member of this lodge. His name appears in the Sydney Gazette in the report on the Piper foundation ceremony together with Mr Justice Jeffery Hart Bent. Moore would have "called off" as a member of No.227 after the regiment left for India. He was to become a member of Lodge of Australia No.820, English Constitution.
John Joseph William Molesworth Oxley was born at Kirkam Abbey near Westow, Yorkshire, England c.1785. He joined the navy in 1799 as a midshipman aboard the "Venerable" and transferred to the "Buffalo" in November, 1801 as masters' mate and sailed for Australia, arriving in October,1802 and was engaged in coastal survey work. In 1805, Governor King appointed him acting Lieutenant in charge of the "Buffalo" and in 1806 he was in command of the "Estrimina" on a trip to Van Diemen's Land. Oxley returned to England on the 25th November, 1807 and was commissioned Lieutenant and returned to Port Jackson in November, 1808 to take up the appointment as 1st Lieutenant of HMS "Porpoise". He made a number of expeditions of exploration, discovering the Castlereagh River, Liverpool Plains and the Brisbane River. In 1820 he published journals of two expeditions into the interior of New South Wales, and married Emma Norton at St Phillip's Church on the 31st October,1821. He was appointed a member of the Legislative Council in 1824. Oxley died on the 26th May, 1828, aged 45 at his property at Kirkam. He was buried in the Devonshire Street Cemetery in Sydney.
Dr: John Harris was born at Moneymore Co., Londonderry, Ireland in 1754. He arrived at Port Jackson on the "Suprize", as surgeon in the New South Wales Corps, in June 1790 being stationed at Parramatta. In May 1807, Governor Bligh dismissed him as Naval Officer and from the bench. Bligh had good reason to do this as Harris was utterly neglectful of his duties. Harris kept a large workforce of convicts employed on his property, stating that they were too ill to be returned to government service. He was also a dupe for John Macarthur in his [Macarthur's] manipulation of the legal system. So it is of no surprise that he espoused the rebellion by the officers of the "Rum Corps". For his support, Macarthur had Major Johnston re-appoint him, but after he lost favour with Macarthur, he was again dismissed. Dr.Harris went to England to give evidence for the defence at Johnston's court martial, where some of his evidence was based on hearsay and his criticism of Governor Bligh, quite moderate. Harris resigned his commission and returned to Port Jackson on the 7th February, 1814 aboard the "General Hewitt". He died on the 27th April 1838, leaving property to the value of one hundred and fifty thousand pounds.
Sir John Jamison was born at Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland, in 1776. He attended the university of St Andrew's graduating M.D. in 1808. On joining the navy soon after his graduation he served in many parts of the world. In 1809, while physician in the hospital ship the "Gorgon" with the Baltic Fleet, he was instrumental in curbing a serious out-break of scurvy in the Swedish navy. King Charles XIII of Sweden honoured him in July 1809 with a knight-hood. In May 1813 he was appointed a Knight Bachelor by the Prince Regent. On the death of his father in 1811 John inherited several grazing properties close to Sydney, including 1000 acres near Penrith, together with some city properties. He arrived in Sydney in 1814 and became associated with the public and official affairs of the colony. Sir John explored the Warragamba River and helped to found the Bank of N.S.W. His relationship with Governor Macquarie was first friendly but soured for two years but by 1819 they had reconciled thir differences. In 1837 he was recommended to fill a vacancy in the Legislative Council, remaining a member until he resigned through infirmity in 1843. He was a prominent freemason and had joined No.227. It is known that in 1817 just prior to the departure of the 46th Regiment he was admitted to the Royal Arch Chapter, Mount Olive No.227, under the Irish Constitution and in 1834 was elected president of the United Masonic Fraternity. He died comparatively poor on 29th June 1844 through the failure of the Bank of Australia, in which he was the second largest share holder.
48th [Northamptonshire] Regiment of Foot
The 46th Regiment was ordered to Madras in 1817,and was relieved by the 48th
[Northamptonshire] Regiment of Foot in July 1817. The commanding officer,
Lt. Col. James Erskine was also appointed Lt. Governor on his arrival. This
Regiment was raised in 1740 as the 48th Regiment of Foot. In 1751 it became
known as Col. James Chomondeley's Regiment. When county titles were given
in 1782, it became the 48th [Northamptonshire] Regiment of Foot. The 48th
also held an Irish travel warrant, No.218, dated the 27th December 1750.
Although No.227 [46th Reg] considered itself entitled to initiate only military
men, No.218 [48th Reg] was bound by no such qualms. Up to 1820 No.218 had
initiated twenty-eight candidates, half of whom were civilian residents of
Sydney. No.218 granted dispensation to these civilians to open a lodge, and
regularized its standing by obtaining a warrant for it, No.260, I.C., dated
6th January 1820. This lodge was originally named "Australian Social Lodge",
and was constituted on the 12th August 1820. Hence the Irish Constitution
was the premier constitution in Australia. The 48th Regiment was ordered
to Madras in 1824.
Col. James Erskine was born at Maryborough, Queen's County, Ireland. He joined the Army and served in India in the 1780s and then with the 22nd Regiment in the West Indies during 1791-97. He was promoted Captain in 1794, and was transferred to Ireland where he fought at the Battle of Vinegar Hill in June 1798. In 1803 he was transferred to the 48th Regiment and promoted to Major. Erskine married Sarah Andrews of Cheltenham in April 1805. He was promoted to Lt. Colonel in June 1811 and was severely wounded at Badajoz. In July 1817 he arrived with his Regiment at Port Jackson in the "Matilda" and was sworn in as Lt. Governor. In August 1819 he was promoted to full Colonel and made a CB. On the 25th February 1823 he sailed for England in the "Marshal Wellington" bearing an address and silver trowel, as a gift presented to him by the masons of Lodge No.260 of Sydney. In 1825 he went to Madras to re-join his Regiment, but died of cholera on the 7th June, 4 days after his arrival there. Although a freemason, he was not a member of No.218 nor was he a member of No.260. He would have attended as a visitor and had given his support to both lodges as the presentation of the silver trowel from No.260 bears witness, having been held in high esteem by both lodges.
The Australian Social Lodge No.260 [I.C.]
The Australian Social Lodge No.260 made its first public appearance as a
new lodge on the 27th December 1820 when together with the brethren of lodge
No.218 they marched in procession to celebrate the Festival of St. John the
Evangelist. No.260 changed its name to the Australian Social Mother Lodge
No.0 when it changed its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of New South Wales,
and soon after its centenary in 1920, it assumed the name of the Lodge of
Antiquity No.1, under the United Grand Lodge of New South Wales. The first
master of No.260 was Bro Mathew Bacon, who came to Port Jackson as an officer
of the 48th [Northamptonshire] Regiment of Foot, resigning his commission
soon after arrival. On the 6th June,1821 he married Mary, Quarter-Master
Hugh McDonalds' widow. Hugh McDonald was late of the 46th Regiment and a
"member"? of No.227. He (McDonald) had returned from Madras on leave to settle
his business affairs. McDonald had a store at No.2 York Street, and Mary
had managed the business in his absence. Hugh died suddenly on the 9th September
1819. After his marriage to Mary, Bacon ran the general store in York Street.
Bacon died on the 23rd of August 1825, leaving Mary a widow once again. He
was master of No.260 on seven occasions, each of six months duration. Bro
Bacon was one of the civilian residents of Sydney initiated by No.218. The
"Civilian" members that formed the "Daughter" lodge No.260 had, like No.227,
members who featured in the colony's history. Biographical sketches of some
of them are as follows:
Samuel Clayton, foundation master of ceremonies, was transported to NSW for seven years, arriving aboard the "Surrey" in 1816. He advertised in the Sydney Gazette of the 14th January 1817, as a painter and engraver, "likenesses taken and instruction in ornamental painting and drawing given". In 1818, he states, in addition to the above "a variety of jewellery and silverwork on hand, good prices given for old silver". In 1820 he moved his business from 80 Pitt Street to No.23. Clayton received his "Ticket of Leave" on the 1st October 1824 and married two weeks later by special licence, his second wife, Jane Lofthouse on the 14th October 1824. Jane died in 1829. Samuel had one son by his first marriage, Dr Benjamin Clayton, who practised at Windsor, N.S.W. Samuel sold his business and moved to Windsor in 1835 and died at Gunning, N.S.W. in the same year. His will, made in 1831, left all his property in Great Britain, Ireland and N.S.W. to his son. The only recorded items by Clayton are two trowels in the Mitchell Library. One, a good and extremely rare small presentation trowel inscribed, "The gift of the Masonic Lodge, No.260 Sydney N.S.W. To His Honour Lt Governor Erskine Col.48th Regt. C.B., Vice Patron of the Benevolent Society and President of the N.S.W. Auxiliary Bible Society etc. etc. 1823". Engraved at the base where the handle joins the blade "S. Clayton Fecit" plus various masonic symbols. To the rear "Mathew Bacon W.M. CCLX". Bro. Clayton, although transported, did not lose the fraternal goodwill of the Grand Lodge of Ireland and bore a letter of recommendation from that body. However, the 46th Regiment, No.227 advised the Grand Lodge that they lamented the circumstances of Bro. Clayton's case, but could not receive him as a brother mason. He had joined No.218 [48th Regiment] on the 4th January 1820, according to the Grand Lodge of Ireland's member's Register. Clayton was a foundation member of No.260 on the 12th August 1820. Bro Clayton was also the foundation secretary/treasurer of the Leinster Masonic Committee [a form of Provincial Grand Lodge] in 1823. His Mother Lodge was No.6 Dublin, warrant dated l9th September 1730 and is classed as probably a "Time Immemorial" lodge.
Francis Howard Greenway, was born at Mangotsfield, near Bristol, England on the 20th November,1777. He was a descendant of generations of West Country builders and stone masons. Greenway was a trained architect, a pupil of the great John Nash. In 1805 he set up his own practice in Bristol, but being such a poor businessman he became bankrupt in 1809. This financial situation caused him to forge a contract, an act that resulted in him being charged with forgery. In 1812 he was found guilty and sentenced to death. His sentence was later commuted to 14 years transportation to New South Wales. Greenway arrived at Port Jackson aboard the "General Hewitt" on the 7th February 1814; having left Portsmouth on the 26th August 1813. The "General Hewitt" carried a cargo of 300 convicts, a crew of 104 and 70 soldiers of the 46th Regiment. Mary Greenway, his wife, and their 3 children arrived on the "Broxbornebury" on the 28th of July,1814. Greenway had a letter of recommendation from the first Governor, Rear Admiral Arthur Phillip, which strongly recommended Mr. Greenway to Governor Macquarie's protection. Macquarie granted Greenway a "ticket of leave" to allow him to maintain his wife and family out of a "feeling of great respect for that excellent man [Phillip]". Macquarie, in July 1814, appointed him unpaid architectural adviser to the government, and in 1816, put him in charge of designing and building all government works. Macquarie became his patron in a sense and Greenway was instrumental in the building of the following works, the lighthouse on South Head, a new Government House, a female factory in Parramatta, Hyde Park barracks for men in Sydney, St. Matthew's Church in Windsor, St. Luke's Church in Liverpool, St. James' Church in King Street, Sydney and the Liverpool Hospital. Three of the major Greenway buildings survive in their intended form. They are; St Matthew's Church, Hyde Park Barracks and St. James' Church. Greenway has been described as a "touchy, arrogant, painstaking and uncompromising man with a reputation for greed and extravagance". There was a widespread dislike of him in the colony, but none could deny his knowledge of architecture, his sense of beauty and artistic honesty. His appearance has been recorded as about 5'6" (1.67 metres) tall, of stocky build with a slight stoop, hazel brown eyes, light hair, and a fair and ruddy complexion. Greenway had that unhappy and unconscious [to himself] knack of making very powerful enemies. Macquarie left the colony in February, 1822 and without the Governor's protection his enemies had him dismissed from his official post and he received no work after that date. Mrs Greenway, Mary, conducted a school for young ladies and she fed and clothed her five children from the income. Mary died in 1832 and Francis, Australia's first and finest Georgian architect died a pauper in 1837. His burial service at East Maitland, NSW was read by the local school master over his grave in the absence of the local rector. The site of his grave is now forgotten and unidentified. It is recorded in the Irish Grand Lodge Members' Register that Greenway was a member of No.260 on the 17th August,1823 [probably the date of his raising]. It is somewhat surprising that Greenway became a freemason after the experience of having been bodily assaulted and horse whipped by the Master of No.227, Capt. Sanderson of the 46th Regiment on the morning of the 20th December 1816. Greenway had written an indiscreet letter to the captain whilst under stress and he was also feeling slighted by the captain's request to hand the Master's masonic apron on to Mr Lewin to finish its decoration in time for the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of Capt. Piper's mansion. Our unhappy architect had second thoughts about the wording of the letter and promptly wrote one of apology, but with Greenway's unhappy knack of making matters worse, it only achieved to incense the captain's feeling of insulted honour. Sanderson was charged with assault in the criminal court. Judge-Advocate Wylde sat on the case with about six officers of the 46th as a form of jury. Had the officers detailed to try Sanderson been left to run the trial they would have found the victim guilty. However, Wylde was sitting and had the power of legal advice and was able to save Greenway from the chain gang or being sent to the gallows. The outcome of the trial was that the captain was found guilty and fined five pounds. However, Greenway was not satisfied with the revenge obtained in the criminal court, he applied to the supreme court for civil damages and received twenty pounds which was to make him a marked man.
Thomas Alison Scott was born at Glasgow, Scotland in c.1777. He was first sent to his uncle Thomas Rhodey, a merchant and insurance broker of Liverpool for training in business. On completion of his business education he was taken to St. Thomas in the West Indies where the appointment of customs searcher and waiter was procured for him. In 1797 he went to Antigua where he managed his father's estate for several years. After visiting sugar plantations in Louisiana he called at Sydney, about 1816, on his way to Calcutta. Impressed with the potential of N.S.W. for sugar growing, he decided to stay. In 1823 he was engaged by Major Goulburn to grow sugar and tobacco at Port Macquarie, N.S.W. It is believed to be the first time that this type of crop had been grown in Australia. A large percentage of this crop was sold to the commissariat store in Sydney. Over the years he was successful in the growing of sugar and his efforts were the start of the Australian sugar and banana industries. Scott married Mary Anne Crone of Port Macquarie on the 17th December 1827 at Scots Church, Sydney. They had seven daughters and five sons. He was a member of No.260 on the 17th August,1823. He died at his property, Point Clare, on the 16th October 1881, aged 105, and was buried at Point Frederick.
Dr.William Bland was born at London on the 5th of November 1789. He joined the navy, became a surgeon's mate then, in 1812, a naval surgeon. While serving in the "Hesper" at Bombay, he was involved in a wardroom argument with Robert Case, the purser. As a result of the argument they fought a duel with pistols on the 7th April 1813 and Case was mortally wounded. Bland was tried for murder in Bombay on the 14th April, found guilty, and sentenced to transportation for 7 years. He reached Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land aboard the "Denmark Hill" in January 1814, and arrived in Sydney, aboard the "Frederick" on the 14th July 1814. He was assigned to Castle Hill, N.S.W., as a prisoner and medically tended to the inmates of the asylum. He was granted a free pardon on the 27th October 1815 and went into private practice. His marriage was a disaster, he went to court and sued his wife's paramour, winning an award of 3000 pounds. The award was never settled as the gentleman concerned left the colony in rather a hurry. Bland was to appear in court again on the Thursday and Friday of the 24th and 25th September 1818, charged with composing ,writing and publishing "Pipes", lampooning Governor Macquarie. He was sent to prison for 12 months. On the completion of the sentence he returned to private practice once again and flourished. He became a philanthropist and a very respected member of the community of Sydney. He was elected a member of the Legislative Council in 1858. He is recorded as a member of Australian Social Lodge No.260, I.C., in 1823 and was admitted "an original member" of the Lodge of Australia No.820, E.C., on the 4th May 1829. He died in 1868.
40th [2nd Somersetshire] Regiment of Foot
The 40th [2nd Somersetshire] Regiment of Foot relieved the 48th Regiment
in 1824. The 40th Regiment had two tours of duty in Australia, the first
from 1824 until 1829, and the second from 1852 to 1860. The 40th spent most
of its first tour in Hobart Town with one company in Sydney. The second tour
was spent mainly in Victoria, with detachments in Tasmania, South Australia
and the Swan River Settlement [Perth, WA]. This Regiment was first raised
in 1717 and became the 40th Regiment of Foot in 1751. From 1782 it became
the 40th [2nd Somerset shire] Regiment of Foot, and it is in the first tour
of duty that this paper is concerned. The commanding officer was Lt. Col
Henry Thornton. The 40th Regiment had a military travel warrant issued by
the Grand Lodge of Ireland, No.284. The original warrant issued to this Regiment
was an Ancients Grand Lodge one, No.24 undated, it then held warrant No.204,
Irish Constitution from 1810 to 1813, and was re-issued with Warrant No.284,
Irish Constitution, in 1821 and returned this warrant in 1858. During the
40th Regiment's tour of duty in Hobart Town No.284 initiated a number of
civilians and granted them dispensation to open a stationary lodge of their
own. The following were the senior officers and members of No.284 as per
the return of members dated the 16th October,1828:-
OFFICERS
Michael Dyer - Master Edmond Kelsall - SW Maurice Smith - JW
MEMBERS
James Anderson Francis Barns
George Bull
John Corty John
Cummins Charles Day
Thomas Devine Robert Dixon
Thomas Dixon
Thomas Dobbins Andrew Dykes
John Eddington
Thomas Ellery Lawrence Finn
James Fisher
William Ford Robert Harrison
James Holding
William Kimberly George Langford
James Leister
Daniel Long Edward
Ludge Thomas Mansby
Michael Mansfield William Maycock Patrick
McDonald
Michael McGovern Hugh McLachlan Robert
McNally
James Mitchell John Morisby
James Mulligan
James Nicholls? Michael O'Brien
Frederick Patterson
Joseph Reichenberg James Sprigs
Thomas Stanfield
Patrick Thompson Benjamin Toplis James
Wade
Samuel Whittaker John Wilson
Thomas Wilson
George Wise
In the above return of members of No.284, the Master, Michael Dyer writes;
Hobart Town
16th October 1828
Sir & Brother
I herewith transmit you the second bill of exchange on account of No284.
We having received no answer to the first which was transmitted by Hugh
Crawford Captain Langan in March 1827.
£9-15-:: were for certificates and arrears of the lodge and £11-5-::
for a
warrant for the civilians with the usual certificate from No284. The following
were to be the officers John Wilson Master - John Eddingten Snr Warden
& Francis Barns Jnr Warden we trust this letter has reached [The
following
word is indecipherable - it could be home] as we are waiting anxiously
expecting it to be addressed to John Wilson late of the 40 Regt Hobart Town.
The following are a list of officers and members of 284 for the last six
months
[here is listed the officers and members as detailed above]
[The return ends with]
N.B. the certificates for the Military as described in our last communication
to be addressed to the present master Bombay India - I have the honour to
be
Sir & Brother
Your most obedient
humble Servant
Michl Dyer Master
The Tasmanian Lodge No.313 [I.C.]
It appears to be somewhat of a mystery as to the whereabouts of the petition
[usual certificate] submitted to Dublin in March 1827, some 19 months prior
to the date of the 1828 return of members. It was not until the 6th August
1829 that the Irish Grand Lodge ordered that Warrant No.313 should be sent
to Bros John Wilson, John Eddington and Francis Barns in Hobart on the
recommendation of lodge No.284 [Grand Lodge Minutes 1828-36, P42]. The Warrant
was not raised until the 3rd September 1829 and was not to arrive in Hobart
until early 1831, some three and a half years after the petition was submitted.
The October 1828 return is the primary source on the pre-formation of No.313,
but has proved quite equivocal on the actual date it was formed. Dyer's return
of 1828 gives the impression that the petition and the cost of a warrant
had been forwarded in March 1827, and they were anxiously awaiting the arrival
of the warrant in October 1828. This implies that Dyer had not, and was not
considering, the use of his dispensation warrant to consecrate the new stationary
civilian lodge before the warrant had arrived from Ireland. If the foregoing
was Dyer's intention, then it would explain Robert Murray's claim, in 1841,
that he had founded with a dispensation from the military lodge of the 40th
Regiment [284] from which I formed lodge No.313, then 326 and 345; but failed
to state the date he established No.313. The lodge was named "The Tasmanian
Lodge". The name of the lodge was perhaps a presage of the future name of
this tiny island colony of Van Diemen's Land. It is believed that no minute
books or records of No.313 are extant. The Tasmanian Lodge, No.313, I.C.,
ceased work in 1847. A letter from Bro. W. Bales to the Deputy Grand Secretary,
dated the 14th March 1860, re: Return of the Warrant of No.313 to G.L., was
received. It enclosed a copy of a letter from Bales to Thomas Horne, stating
"Horne [was] only member remaining of 313 authorized to dispose of the warrant",
and Horne's reply that he would communicate with G.L. himself. The warrant
was believed to have been returned in April 1863. There is biographical
information available on the senior officers of No.313, the Tasmanian Lodge,
and is as follows:-
John Wilson, research has yielded very little on him in the State Archives. He appears in the general muster [census] of Hobart Town, taken between the 7th September, and the 2nd October 1818, as came free. It is recorded in a return of members of No.284, dated the 16th October 1828, that Bro. John Wilson was to be master of the new lodge [No.313] and the warrant was to be addressed to him late of the 40th Regiment, Hobart Town.
John Eddington was born free in 1795, on Norfolk Island of convict parents, a "Currency Lad". His father, Thomas Eddington also known as Headington, a labourer of Berkshire, was tried at Abington in 1785 for stealing and sentenced to seven years transportation. He arrived in the "Alexander" in the 1st Fleet in 1788. Thomas Eddington was transferred to Norfolk Island in 1792 and was listed as convict/ farmer on the 1794 Norfolk Island muster list. He had two lots of land Nos.50 and 59, of 12 acres each, granted to him. He died some years before John came to Hobart in 1808. His mother, Elizabeth Thompson, was ex-"Lady Juliana" and is believed to have come from New-Castle-on-Tyne, and could have been Irish. He had a sister named Margaret who was also freeborn on Norfolk Island. She was to have a de-facto relationship with Lt. Governor David Collins. John became proprietor of the "Bird-in-Hand" hotel in Argyle Street, Hobart, and attained some fame by riding a horse called "Piper" to win a three hundred pound prize in 1816. He also owned a farm in Bagdad [now a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania]. From the records held by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, John became a member of Lodge No.284 attached to the 40th Foot Regiment on the 14th August 1827. He was a petitioner and foundation senior warden of Lodge No.313, [Warranted 3rd September 1829], which he left to assist in setting up Lodge No.326, I.C., in March 1833, In addition, he became a foundation member and senior warden, subsequently master of No.345, I.C. John died in 1869.
Francis Barnes [Barns] was born c.1771. He arrived at Hobart as a convict aboard the "Calcutta", from the aborted settlement at Port Phillip [now Melbourne, Victoria] with Lt. Governor Collins. Described in the trial papers as a "printer aged 30, of St. Brides, London, former soldier, 5'6" (1.68 metres), dark brown hair, grey eyes, and could read and write". He was tried at Middlesex on the 15th April 1801 for stealing bank notes totalling 172 pounds from Nathaniel Swan in a theatre box in the Drury Lane Theatre. Barnes was sentenced to death and was subsequently reprieved and sentenced to transportation for life. Interestingly he had a previous conviction in 1795 under the name of William Barnes and was sentenced to seven years transportation, but was pardoned on the agreement that he join the Army of the 60th Regiment of Foot [which had a lodge attached with an English Travel Warrant No.448 dated 1764 and later was issued with another Travel Warrant No.7 New York dated 1783]. He was wounded in 1801 and later discharged. Collins utilised his administrative skills in many ways. Barnes assisted in the printing of Garrison and General Orders. He was granted a free pardon on the 25th January 1813 and was given 80 acres at Glenorchy. He was granted a licence for the "Hope" hotel on the 3rd October 1818. However, it is believed that he was operating this establishment for some years prior to receiving the liquor licence. He appears in the same Hobart Town Muster List as John Wilson and was recorded as an annual subscriber of one guinea to the Bible Society in the Hobart Town Gazette of the 12th June 1819. Francis Barnes died at his property of 600 acres at Ralph's Bay on the 26th January 1842 and buried at St. David's on the 29th. Barnes was a member of the 40th Regiment Lodge No.284 and foundation junior warden of No.313, the first warranted lodge in Tasmania. He was also listed as a foundation member of No.345, I.C., Tasmanian Operative Lodge in 1834.
21st [Royal North British Fusiliers] Regiment of Foot.
A brief history of the fourth Irish Constitution Lodge in Hobart merits recording
because of the above Constitutional connection to the British Regimental
Lodge No.33. The 21st [Royal North British Fusiliers] Regiment of Foot [it
was popularly known as the Royal Scots Fusiliers] arrived in Sydney during
1832 and 1833 by detachments. It did not remain in NSW, but had used Sydney
as a temporary barracks before the Regiment moved to Van Diemen's Land. The
Headquarters Company remained in Hobart, with about five other companies
stationed around the various settlements in Van Diemen's Land. There was
one Company at the Swan River Settlement in Western Australia. The Commanding
Officer at this period was Lt. Col. J. T. Leahy. The 21st Regiment was one
of the oldest British Infantry Regiments, being first raised in 1678 as the
Earl of Mar's Regiment of Foot. This Regiment had Lodge No.33, IC, attached
to it. The date of the Warrant was being c.1734. The lodge was in a dormant
state on its arrival in Hobart with a membership of about three. However,
Bro. R.L. Murray and other members from 313 and 326 joined it to provide
numbers for regular meetings and it held its first meeting in Hobart in May
1836. On the 28th October 1838, the "civilian" members decided to apply to
Dublin for the transfer of the warrant under its original number to remain
in the colony, at Hobart Town, as the Regiment was soon to sail for India.
Bro. Murray put this into effect and was able to announce in August 1842
that he had received the warrant No.33, I.C. It named himself as Master,
Bro. A. McLeod, SW and Bro. G W.A. Mackay, PM as JW. The Lodge was recognised
by 313, 326 and 345 as the senior lodge, even though the stationary civilian
warrant was dated 2nd December 1841, making it the fourth in seniority of
the Irish lodges in Tasmania. Lodge No.33 ceased work about 1854 and the
warrant appears to have been lost. A minute book of Lodge No.33 is extant
in the Library of the Grand Lodge of Tasmania, in Hobart. In the aforementioned
minute book in the minutes of the meeting of the 11th August 1842 it is recorded
that the warrant had been transferred to Hobart and Bro. PM., Murray was
the first master of this newly-established stationary lodge. Murray claims
in a letter dated the 31st August 1841, to the Deputy Grand Secretary
[Fowler]..."I need not remind you that I founded the whole of the lodges
in this Island commencing with a dispensation from the Military Lodge in
the 40th Regiment [284] from which I formed Lodge 313. When members became
too numerous for convenience, I found them Lodge 326 and again from them
345". The early period of freemasonry in Van Diemen's Land was dominated
by Murray who must be classed as the 'Father of Freemasonry' in that Colony.
Robert William Lathrop Murray.
The records of Old Westminsters, Vol 2, P678, show that he was the natural
son of George the III. Born 22nd December,1780. His mother was Ann, nee Williams,
a lady-in-waiting in the royal court, wife of Robert Lathropp. He was educated
at the Westminster School and at Cambridge University. Assumed the additional
surname of Murray, and claimed descent from Robert Murray, the son of Sir
William Murray, Baronet, of Dynnyrne, Scotland, who had married into the
Lathropp family in 1630 and had taken their name. He received a commission
into the 2nd Royal Manx Fencibles in 1797 and served in Ireland. Murray assumed
the surname of Brown-Clark on the 31st March 1802, but the name change was
cancelled on the 13th of April 1802 by command of the King. He was referred
to as Sir Robert Lathropp Murray in the London Gazette of the 3rd of April
1802. This title appeared in other periodicals of that time. He became a
banker in Portland Place, London, in June 1802. Murray re-entered the Army
on the 4th February 1807 as a lieutenant unattached and was to serve in the
1st Foot Regiment on the 12th February 1807. He was promoted Captain on the
15th March 1810 and was transferred to the Royal Waggon Train on the 15th
August 1811. Murray also served in the Peninsula War. It was alleged that
although married to Alicia Marshall in Northern Ireland in 1797, he also
wedded Catherine Clarke, the only child of Thomas Clarke of Hailsham, Sussex,
in 1801. In 1806 there was yet another involvement with Lydia, widow of William
Marriott, and the daughter of the Rev. John Mogridge, vicar of Pershore,
Worcester. He was tried in London for bigamy in January 1815, before the
Recorder of London, found guilty, and sentenced to seven years transportation.
The first mention of him in Australia was as a clerk and constable of the
Sydney Bench, and an employee of D'Arcy Wentworth in 1816. Murray appears
to have added the additional Christian name of Felton and dropped one letter
"P" from the name of Lathropp at this time. He was granted a parole soon
after arrival. The Sydney Gazette shows him as the principal clerk in the
police office, and in 1820 as assistant superintendent. He went to Hobart
Town in 1821 and was given some large grants of land. Lived first at Dynnyrne
Distillery in South Hobart and later built "Dynnyrne House" which gave its
name to a suburb of Hobart. His country house "Wentworth" was across the
Derwent, a mile (1.6 Km) beyond Kangaroo Point [Bellerive]. In 1824 a number
of letters signed "A Colonist" began appearing in the press, vehemently
criticizing the Administration of the colony. At a public function, held
on the 7th April 1825, Murray revealed himself as being "A Colonist". He
became editor of the Hobart Town Gazette on the 8th July 1825 and of the
Colonial Times from the l9th August 1825 to the 4th August 1826. His attacks
on Governor Arthur continued, becoming in effect a war for the freedom of
the press. He lost interest in journalism for a while but returned to it
in 1828 and had a complete turn about in his attitude towards Arthur tending
to favour him. Perhaps two things caused this change of attitude. The first
being Arthur's acceptance, on moral grounds, of Murray's marriage to Eleanor,
the daughter of Thomas and Sarah Dixon, of Ralph's Bay on the 1st December
1827. The second was that he was tried for a financial irregularity and after
a confused verdict, and a long-delayed judgement, he was pardoned by Arthur.
As stated, he returned to journalism in 1828 with the first issue of "Murray's
Austral-Asiatic Review". This review ceased publication on the 26th June
1845. When Lt. Governor Arthur left the colony in 1836, and was replaced
by Lt. Governor Franklin, Murray's support for Arthur was to bring him into
opposition with the new Governor. The British law on the validity of Irish
marriages was changed in 1842. Because of the change in the British law he
was able to return in 1847, albeit in ill health, to West Felton, Shropshire,
where he died on the 2nd November 1850, aged 70. The first mention of him
in respect of freemasonry occurs in June 1832 when he, and twenty-seven others,
are noted as having joined Lodge No.313, Hobart. On the 4th March 1833 his
name appears as the first master of lodge No.326. He subsequently joined
lodge No.345 on the 24th June 1835 and, according to the Irish Grand Lodge
Members Register, became master of this lodge in 1844. He was also foundation
master of No.33, formerly of the 21st Regiment, as previously mentioned.
It is hoped that the "Irish Connection" of the Regimental Lodges has shown the birth of regular freemasonry in Australia and has brought to life some of the men of its early history. Some became distinguished and eminent men in Australia's history, while others remained respected, but humble men.
REFERENCES:
2. Australian Joint Copying Project [AJCP] Micro Film Reels.
Muster-Paylist
3796-5810-1815 Dec.-1817 Dec.
3797-5970-1817 Dec.-1819 Dec.
3774-5339-1827 Dec.-1829 Dec.
3. Bigge Appendix, box 16, p.1900, Trial of Edward Sanderson.
4. Cook, Ron A., "History of the Craft in Australia" [to be published].
5. Crossel, Philip -Irish Masonic Records.
6. Gould, Robert Frecke, "History of Freemasonry", Vol. iv, P7.
7. Grand Lodge of Ireland Minutes - 1828-26, P42.
8. Grand Lodge of Ireland Archives.
a. The return of members as at 27 Dec. 1818 for No.227 (46th Regiment),
Madras, India, Edward Sanderson, Master.
b. Members Register of No.227, Jul. 1805 to Aug. 1834.
c. Members Register of No.218 (48th Regiment) Nov. 1811 to Jul. 1822.
d. Members Register of No.260, Sydney, NSW, 6 Jan. 1820 to 17 Jul. 1823.
e. Dep.Grd.Sec. Correspondence Files (Tasmania 1827-1890), A.M.Rowan.
f. The return of members as at 16 Oct. 1828 for No.284 (40th Regiment),
Hobart Town, VDL, Michael Dyer, Master.
g. Members Register of No.284, 14 Aug. 1827 to 7 Dec. 1831.
9. Historical Records of Australia [HRA]. Various series.
10. HRA, iv, I, P792 Bigge Inquiry, Judge-Advocate Wylde's Evidence.
11. Hobart Town Gazette and Southern Reporter.
12. National Library of Australia, Jeffery Hart Bent's file, MS 195/7.
13. New South Wales Silversmith Journal.
14. Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.
15. The Illustrated Sydney News - 18th February 1869.
16. The PRO Office, London, the Home Office records 26/6/37,26/7/37 and the
Old
Bailey Session Papers, iv Sessions 1801, Trial No.361 - Francis Barnes.
17. The Records of Old Westminsters, Vol.2, P678 - Robert William Lapthropp.
Reminder:
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