A
Quick Into to Jubilee
The disastrous flooding in Central America is prompting
loud calls for the world's richest nations to cancel the debts of the poorest
nations. Relieving debt would be like casting a lifeline to a drowning
person. Massive international aid will save lives after Hurricane Mitch,
but Central America is drowning in red ink, and, like other parts of the
world, must come up for air. The world's poorest nations need hope, say
those who are part of a movement to bring about cancellation of their debts.
More than 40 impoverished countries -- many in Africa, Latin America, and
parts of Asia -- owe vast amounts of money to rich nations such as the
United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Germany, and to international
financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary
Fund. Hundreds of millions of ordinary people live in poverty in these
nations, and they did not see any noticeable benefit from the loans that
gave rise to the debt. Impoverished nations reportedly owe more than $2
trillion to industrialized nations, the World Bank, and the International
Monetary Fund. The 41 poorest countries, most of which are in Africa, owed
$217 billion in 1996. Jubilee 2000, a group active in 42 countries, is
campaigning to influence leaders in the world's richest countries, banks,
and international lending agencies to write off the debts of the world's
poorest nations by the end of the year 2000. The name comes from Leviticus
25, which describes a year every 50 years when all debts are canceled and
land is returned to its original owners. "It's gotten to a point where
it is just not payable," David Bryden of Jubilee 2000/USA told Religion
Today. "People are saying that something has got to be done if these societies
are ever going to be rebuilt. It's time to admit it and come up with a
fresh start and a means to prevent them from getting into debt in the future."
Poor countries are trapped into making unending interest payments on their
debts, Bryden said. This requires them to divert large amounts of resources
from health care, education, and food, inhibiting the social and economic
development needed to lift people out of poverty. Countries in sub-Saharan
Africa spend more each year on repaying their debts than on all primary
education and health care, Jubilee 2000/USA says. A number of religious
groups and relief organizations have endorsed the goals of Jubilee 2000.
They include Bread for the World, Church World Service (part of the National
Council of Churches), Baptist World Alliance, the Episcopal Church, the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Lutheran World Relief, Maryknoll
Office for Global Concerns, Mennonite Central Committee, OXFAM-America,
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), United Church of Christ/Disciples of Christ
Joint Board for World Ministries, the United Methodist Church's General
Board for Church and Society, and the U.S. Catholic Mission Association.
Pope John Paul II has said he supports the campaign. Some secular environmental,
development, and social justice organizations also are involved. Former
president Jimmy Carter has expressed support, and Archbishop Tutu of South
Africa calls it a "new moral crusade." A petition drive has begun in 70
countries with a goal of collecting 22 million signatures. In Birmingham,
England, 70,000 demonstrators presented 1.2 million signatures at a May
meeting of the financial leaders of the world's top industrialized nations.
Norway plans to forgive half of the debts owed to it by poor nations by
2000, and Germany has promised to make debt cancellation a priority. The
Clinton administration has supported the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
initiative, a plan by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
to reduce and reschedule the debt payments of a few poor countries. The
United States has insisted that there be strict accountability to prevent
fraud. Most poor countries have tried but failed to pay their debts, paying
only part of what is owed. "The reality is that the debt cannot and will
not be repaid" and it is senseless "to pretend otherwise," Jubilee 2000
said. Debt relief is not unconditional, Bryden said. It would not go toward
"letting dictators off the hook," but be afforded only to countries "willing
to engage in free and fair debate with civil society about how the savings
from debt relief are to be redirected." This takes "a lot of oversight."
Large-scale debt cancellation has occurred in the past. Instances include
Germany's debt after World War II, the debts of Eastern European nations
such as Poland after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and debts incurred
by Egypt as a result of the Gulf War.
14th November 98
From http://www.religiontoday.com/
For more see my: Jubilee for Beginners