Theme: Ill with Love
Content: A more complex follow-on from 118 where illness substitutes sickness in a sonnet possibly centred on the Platonic definition of Sirens.
What potions have I drunk of Siren
tears
Distilled
from limbecks foul as hell within,
Applying fears
to hopes and hopes to fears,
Still
losing when I
saw myself to
win!
- Sirens were mythical half-woman/half-bird creatures.
- The Siren tears are the tears of his mistress which he has been fooled by as she is really foul as hell within.
- As opposed to the sickness of 118, this sonnet plays on illness, both explicitly and embedded in words such as Distilled and Still.
- Phonetic allusions to ill also in hell and myself.
- Pun on Still meaning a liquid still (re: potions and Distilled) as well as "continuing to".
- Possible hidden allusion to sin in losing.
What wretched errors hath my heart committed
Whilst
it hath thought itself
so blessed never!
How have mine eyes out of their spheres
been fitted
In the distraction of this madding
fever!
- Embedded and phonetic allusions to ill continue in Whilst and itself.
- spheres phonetically echoes Q1's fears and then leads to fever.
- been fitted (spelled bene fitted in the Quarto) anticipates Q3's benefit.
O benefit
of ill, now I
find true
That better is by evil
still made
better,
And ruined love when it is built
anew
Grows fairer
than at first,
more strong, far
greater.
- The exclamatory self-criticism of the first 2 quatrains which searched for the cause of his condition, also represented by the hidden references to ill, now gives way to the explicit finding of ill and a bettering of the author's condition.
- As well as ill now explicitly being referred to for the first time there are still embedded allusions in evil, still and built.
- Sonnet 105's emphasis on the qualities of "fair, kind and true" are alluded to here in "find true...fairer".
- Q2's madding now morphs to made.
- fairer reduces to first which in turn reduces to far whilst the comparatives stay constant via fairer, more strong and greater.
So I return rebuked to
my content,
And gain by ills
thrice
more than I have spent.
- Plato said there were 3 kinds of Sirens: the cathartic, the celestial and the generative, which appear to be alluded to here in thrice, as well as thrice referring to Q3's fairer, more strong and far greater.
- These 3 Sirens also appear to be represented by each of the 3 quatrains: Q1 as the cathartic via ...hell...; Q2 as the celestial via ...blessed...; Q3 as the generative via ...grows....
- The last 3 lines of this sonnet count up with first...to...thrice.
Critical text © NigelDavies.home@Virgin.net