Theme: Young Man
Content: A critical sonnet of the subject (who refuses to father children). Negative characteristics are ascribed to the subject who takes what nature has freely given and uses them in cold, calculated, transactionalised legalese.
- “Why do you not properly leave legacy of your beauty?”
- why dost thou directly questions the subject's reasons for behaving in the way he does.
- Financial terminology introduced by thrift and spend.
Nature's bequest
gives nothing, but doth lend,
And being frank, she lends
to those are free.
- “Beauty is not constant, but transient. It is only loaned before it is taken back.”
- Counterpoint in the rhyme between what the subject spends and what Nature lends.
- Financial terminology continues with bequest, lend, and lends.
Then, beauteous
niggard, why dost thou abuse
The bounteous
largess given thee to give?
- “So why do you abuse this temporary privilege?”
- why dost thou again directly questions the subject's reasons for behaving in the way he does.
- This is a us sonnet employing several words that contain us that emphasise the subject's use of things for his own selfish advantage: beauteous...abuse...bounteous
Profitless usurer,
why dost thou use
So great a sum of
sums yet canst not live?
- “Why do you not make better use of your assets instead of wasting them for no return?”
- Rhyme of give with live suggests the subject should “give life”.
- why dost thou again directly questions the subject's reasons for behaving in the way he does.
- The rhyme of use and abuse makes clear the subject's shortcoming.
- Financial terminology continues with usurer and sum of sums.
- us alliteration continues: usurer...use
For having
traffic with thyself alone,
Thou of thyself thy sweet
self dost deceive.
- “You only deceive yourself by confining your beauty to yourself.”
- having traffic with thyself alone is a remarkably direct statement referring to the subject's masturbation.
- The criticism is softened by the inclusion of terms such as sweet self.
- Possible pun on this sonnet's number 4 in For.
Then how when nature calls thee to be gone:
What acceptable
audit canst thou leave?
- “When you die, what will you leave behind?”
- Financial terminology continues with the concept of an audit.
- The previous 3 why dost thou questions are now succeeded by a final what canst thou question; a question centred on what the subject can leave behind, rather than take for himself.
Thy unused beauty
must be tombed
with thee,
Which used,
lives th' executor
to be.
- “Your unused beauty will die with you.”
- Unused links back to unthrifty in Q1.
- Financial terminology concludes with executor.
- The using of Nature's gifts that the subject has indulged in earlier in the sonnet is now contrasted with the fact that his beauty has actually been unused.
- us alliteration concludes: unused...must...used.
Critical text © NigelDavies.home@Virgin.net