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The Importance of Non-Existence

This is a discussion of the philosophy behind my alternate history, the Dardanelles Victory timeline. Other material can be found on my home page.


Most sites like this have a page devoted to the question "why be interested in alternate history". I'd like to start from the reverse question: why shouldn't we write alternate history?

In practice this has turned into my attempt to write a rambling cross-disciplinary essay. The idea is to synthesise the great thoughts of great men from various fields into a structure whose parts are stolen but whose blueprints can nonetheless be patented.

Motivation

So why write an essay whose thesis I manifestly don't believe? Well, partly sheer contrariness. And partly because I think the reverse position has been covered by everyone. And partly because I haven't: I'm hoping the conclusions drawn will help to guide in which kinds of alternate history are the most worth writing.

But mostly because I couldn't help it. I started out to write an essay in support of alternate history. After a while I noticed that all my analogies were arguments against my thesis. The only intellectually honest course was for my original thesis to be thrown to the wolves, and a contract with the opposite conclusion signed with indecent haste.

Besides, I'd grown attached to those analogies.

A Superficial Discussion of Obvious Answers

In some ways the answer is obvious: we live with the legacy of real history, not potential. Therefore we should study real history rather than the might-have-beens.

The counterargument is equally obvious: an alternate history enthusiast would be the last person to suggest we should stop studying real history. Contrafactuals are suggested as complementary to factuals, not as alternatives.

Let a Thousand Flowers Blossom

A philosophy which is anomalously popular in the dominant contemporary culture is free speech and unfettered discussion. The model here is that by allowing every thought to be expressed, the valuable ones can be identified and the worthless discarded. There's an implicit assumption that an idea is never worse (or, at least, never much worse) than useless. An example of such information exchange is the internet, although it usually operates in the reverse direction.

To add a touch of irony I've titled this section with a quotation from Mao Zhedong, announcing the Cultural Revolution of 1970s China. Mao switched to weedkiller shortly afterward.

Maxwell's Demon

James Clerk Maxwell suggested as a thought experiment a box divided into two parts, filled with gas and with a movable shutter between them. A cooperative demon operates the shutter. Whenever he sees a molecule travelling from the left to the right he opens the shutter, allowing it to pass through. Whenever he sees a molecule travelling from right to left he closes the shutter, and, as the molecule bounces off, cackles inanely. After a while there are a lot more molecules on the right than the left. So we hook up a turbine between them, and generate electrical power. From nothing.

Needless to say, this doesn't work. The reason is that it takes effort to forget. Once the demon has flipped his shutter open or closed he has to lever it back up into the ready position, and that takes energy. Just as much, if we make the system as efficient as theoretically possible, as is produced by the turbine.

So what does this prove? Well, first, that physicists, like mediaeval demonologists, tend to be small thinkers when it comes to taking advantage of supernatural assistance.

But the second conclusion is worthy of a Zen koan. Existence is of itself useless, as is non-existence. If both sides are full of gas, or both are empty, nothing useful happens. Value derives from the contrast between existence and non-existence.

And it's harder to forget falsehood than to learn the truth.

Jungle Drama

Well, that's one kind of hot air, but what about the other kind? What does Maxwell's Demon have to say about the value of what people say, and write, and think?

There are several metaphors I could use here. Greg Egan's Permutation City has a particularly bizarre version, for instance. But the commonest metaphor here is of an infinite number of monkeys, composing a script for Shakespeare's Hamlet.

Their method is to hammer away, each to his typewriter, striking keys at random. After a short time each will have created its own opus. Of course each opus will be replicated an infinite number of times by other monkeys, but that doesn't make any individual monkey's work any less original.

So after letting the monkeys hammer away for a bit we check whether the results are sufficiently Shakespearian to satisfy us. Most of the works are quite short, the monkey having been distracted by a banana, or the typewriter having jammed, before they got past the first act. The vast bulk of the remainder are meaningless gibberish, or only make sense if read in the language of the ancient Incus rather than English, or are source code for web browsers.

That leaves an infinite number which are English plays. Most of these don't make a lot of sense, or are very dull. But there are an infinite number of copies of Hamlet, and an infinite number of copies of any play you name. And of plays far better than Hamlet, written or as yet unwritten.

Which raises some obvious questions:

So What's This Shakespeare Person Got That My Monkeys Haven't?

Nothing.

So What've My Monkeys Got That This Shakespeare Person Hasn't?

A lot.

Sounds Good

No, not really.

...

The Snobbery of Existence

Traditionally, things that exist have been regarded more highly than things that don't exist. This is seen most clearly in the ontological argument for the existence of God, which goes something like this:

Definition: God is the most perfect being that can possibly exist.

Unsupported Assertion: Anything that exists is more perfect than an otherwise identical thing that doesn't exist.

Conclusion: There's no need to fund my philosophy department next year because we've proved what we wanted to prove ... wait, I've found a flaw in the proof.

...

More to come

You are what you aren't. Hofstadter's bees made of cement.


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