Ñîäåðæàíèå
Ââåäåíèå
Îáùåå îïèñàíèå ïàêåòà OrthoMap
Òðåáîâàíèÿ ê àïïàðàòíûì è ïðîãðàììíûì
ñðåäñòâàì
Èíñòàëëÿöèÿ è çàïóñê OrthoMap
Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ
Ñòàíäàðòíàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü äåéñòâèé äëÿ
ñîçäàíèÿ îðòîôîòî
Ìåòîä êîððåêöèè ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îøèáîê ïðè
ñîçäàíèè îðòîôîòî
Ðàáîòà ñ ïðîãðàììîé
Îñíîâíîå ìåíþ
Ñîçäàíèå ïðîåêòà
Îòêðûòèå ñóùåñòâóþùåãî
ïðîåêòà
Èìïîðò îïîðíûõ òî÷åê
Ïðîñìîòð èçîáðàæåíèé
Îêíî ïðîåêòà
Çàäàíèå ðàáî÷èõ ôàéëîâ
Çàäàíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ êàìåðû
Çàäàíèå êîîðäèíàòíîé ñèñòåìû
è ìåòîäà èíòåðïîëÿöèè ïèêñåëîâ
Çàäàíèå ðàçìåðà è
ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ îðòîôîòî (AOI)
Çàäàíèå ïîëîæåíèÿ
òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû
Çàäàíèå ìîäåëè êàìåðû
Çàäàíèå íàïðàâëåíèÿ
êîîðäèíàòíîé ñèñòåìû ñíèìêà
Îêíî âíåøíåãî îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ, îêíà ñíèìêà è
êàðòû
Îáùåå îïèñàíèå
Ðåäàêòèðîâàíèå ñóùåñòâóþùåé
òî÷êè
Âíåøíåå îðèåíòèðîâàíèå
Òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèå ñíèìêîâ
Óòèëèòû
Êîîðäèíàòíûé êàëüêóëÿòîð
Óòèëèòà Reproject
Èìïîðò ÖÌÐ èç òåêñòîâîãî (ASCII)
ôàéëà – îäíà âûñîòà â ñòðîêå
Èìïîðò ÖÌÐ èç òåêñòîâîãî (ASCII)
ôàéëà – îäíà ñòðîêà ÖÌÐ â ñòðîêå
Èìïîðò ÖÌÐ èç òåêñòîâîãî (ASCII)
ôàéëà – çíà÷åíèÿ XYZ â ñòðîêå
Ýêñïîðò ÖÌÐ â òåêñòîâûé (ASCII)
ôàéë
Óòèëèòà Flip
Ôîðìàòû ôàéëîâ
Ôîðìàòû âõîäíûõ ôàéëîâ
Ôîðìàò âûõîäíîãî îðòîôîòî
Ôîðìàò ôàéëà çàãîëîâêà OSD
Ôîðìàò ôàéëà îïîðíûõ òî÷åê GCP
Ôîðìàò ôàéëà îïîðíûõ òî÷åê PTS
Êîäû îøèáîê OrthoMap
Òåõíè÷åñêàÿ ïîääåðæêà
(c) 2004-2006 Vinek Software
Ïàêåò
ïðîãðàìì OrthoMap ïîçâîëÿåò îáðàáàòûâàòü ñíèìêè,
ïîëó÷åííûå ñëåäóþùèìè êàìåðàìè(ñïóòíèêàìè):
·
ÊÂÐ-1000,
·
TK-350,
·
ÊÔÀ-1000,
·
MK-4,
·
Landsat
TM
·
IKONOS
·
IRS-1C
·
Spot
1,2,3
·
QuickBird
·
àýðîêàìåðàìè
Ïàêåò OrthoMap ïîçâîëÿåò ñîçäàâàòü ñëåäóþùèå òèïû
ãåîïðèâÿçàííûõ(õîòÿ áû îäíà òî÷êà èçîáðàæåíèÿ èìååò ãåîäåçè÷åñêóþ êîîðäèíàòó è
îñè ñíèìêà ïàðàëëåëüíû îñÿì ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû êîîðäèíàò) èçîáðàæåíèé:
·
Îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ – åñëè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Öèôðîâàÿ Ìîäåëü
Ðåëüåôà (ÖÌÐ);
·
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêè êîððåêòèðîâàííûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ ( îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûå íà
ïëîñêîñòü ñ îäíîé âûñîòîé ) – åñëè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ îäíà çàäàííàÿ âûñîòà äëÿ
îáðàáîòêè âñåõ òî÷åê èçîáðàæåíèÿ;
·
Òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ – åñëè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîëèíîìèàëüíàÿ ìîäåëü
äëÿ òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ;
·
Ãåî ïðèâÿçàííûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ (áåç òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèÿ)
Äëÿ
ñîçäàíèÿ îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûõ èçîáðàæåíèé íåîáõîäèìî èìåòü ñëåäóþùèå èñõîäíûå
äàííûå:
·
ÖÌÐ íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ, êîòîðàÿ äîëæíà áûòü îáðàáîòàíà;
·
Íàáîð îïîðíûõ òî÷åê;
·
Èñõîäíîå èçîáðàæåíèå
Äëÿ
ñîçäàíèÿ ãåîìåòðè÷åñêè êîððåêòèðîâàííûõ èçîáðàæåíèé íåîáõîäèìî èìåòü ñëåäóþùèå
èñõîäíûå äàííûå:
·
Ñðåäíÿÿ âûñîòà äëÿ âñåé îáëàñòè îáðàáîòêè;
·
Íàáîð îïîðíûõ òî÷åê
·
Èñõîäíîå èçîáðàæåíèå
Äëÿ
ñîçäàíèÿ òðàíñôîðìèðîâàííûõ èçîáðàæåíèé íåîáõîäèìî èìåòü ñëåäóþùèå èñõîäíûå
äàííûå:
·
Íàáîð îïîðíûõ òî÷åê
·
Èñõîäíîå èçîáðàæåíèå.
Ïàêåò OrthoMap âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ñëåäóþùèå ìîäóëè:
·
îñíîâíîé ìîäóëü Omap äëÿ îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ âíåøíåãî îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ;
·
ìîäóëü îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèÿ Rectify;
·
óòèëèòû äëÿ èìïîðòà/ýêñïîðòà ÖÌÐ.
Ñëåäóþùèå
ìîäóëè ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â Orthomap äîïîëíèòåëüíî:
·
Ìîäóëü Reproject äëÿ òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèÿ
ðàñòðîâûõ äàííûõ (ñíèìêîâ, ÖÌÐ) â òðåáóåìóþ êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ïðîåêöèþ;
·
Ïðîãðàììà Coordinate Calculator äëÿ ïåðåâû÷èñëåíèÿ
îïîðíûõ òî÷åê â òðåáóåìóþ êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ïðîåêöèþ.
Ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàííîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ
îðãàíèçîâàí â ôîðìå ïðîåêòà. Ôàéë ïðîåêòà ñîäåðæèò èìåíà
ðàáî÷èõ ôàéëîâ, ïàðàìåòðû îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ, ïàðàìåòðû êîîðäèíàòíûõ ñèñòåì è
äðóãèå ðàáî÷èå ïàðàìåòðû.
Ïðîãðàììà OrthoMap
îáðàáàòûâàåò äàííûå â ñëåäóþùèõ êîîðäèíàòíûõ ñèñòåìàõ: Ïðîåêöèÿ Ãàóññà-Êðþãåðà íà
ýëëèïñîèäå Êðàñîâñêîãî è ïðîåêöèÿ UTM íà
ýëëèïñîèäå WGS-84. Âíåøíåå îðèåíòèðîâàíèå
âûïîëíÿåòñÿ â ëîêàëüíîé òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå. Òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà –
ýòî ëîêàëüíàÿ ïðÿìîóãîëüíàÿ êîîðäèíàòíàÿ ñèñòåìà ñ íà÷àëîì â çàäàííîé òî÷êå íà
çåìíîì ýëëèïñîèäå. Îíà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ
óâåëè÷åíèÿ òî÷íîñòè îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ ñíèìêà.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ
çàäàâàòü íà÷àëî òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû â öåíòðå ìàññ îïîðíûõ òî÷åê (ãàëî÷êà Auto topocentric âêëþ÷åíà âî óìîë÷àíèþ) èëè â öåíòðå ðàáî÷åé îáëàñòè,
èñïîëüçóÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùóþ ôóíêöèþ ïàêåòà.  ôàéëå ïðîåêòà ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ òî÷êà
íà÷àëà òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû è å¸ àçèìóò îòíîñèòåëüíî íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà Ñåâåð;
àçèìóò ñâÿçàí ñ íàïðàâëåíèåì ïîëåòà ñïóòíèêà.
Äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ êîîðäèíàò îïîðíûõ òî÷åê èñïîëüçóåòñÿ
ñïåöèàëüíûé ôàéë Îïîðíûõ òî÷åê (GCP). Èìÿ ýòîãî ôàéëà ñîâïàäàåò ñ èìåíåì ôàéëà ïðîåêòà íî
èìååò ðàñøèðåíèå ‘.gcp’. Ýòîò ôàéë ñîäåðæèò
ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû îïîðíûõ òî÷åê è èõ ïèêñåëüíûå êîîðäèíàòû íà èñõîäíîì
èçîáðàæåíèè ìîæåò áûòü èìïîðòèðîâàí èç âíåøíåãî ôàéëà. Âñå êîîðäèíàòû (îïîðíûå
òî÷êè, òî÷êè ïðèâÿçêè èçîáðàæåíèÿ è ò.ï. ) ââîäÿòñÿ â âûáðàííîé ñèñòåìå
êîîðäèíàò (WGS/UTM èëè Êðàñîâñêèé/Ãàóññ, åñëè íåîáõîäèìî, èñïîëüçóéòå ïðîãðàììó Coordinate Calculator äëÿ ïåðåñ÷åòà êîîðäèíàòo) è àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïåðåñ÷èòûâàþòñÿ â òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêóþ ñèñòåìó ïðè
îðèåíòèðîâàíèè. Îðèåíòèðîâàíèå ìîæåò áûòü âûïîëíåíî ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñëåäóþùèõ ìîäåëåé:
ãåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ìîäåëü ñíèìêà, îñíîâàííàÿ íà çàêîíå öåíòðàëüíîé ïðîåêöèè (Frame-Êàäð), ïðîñòàÿ ïàíîðàìíàÿ ìîäåëü ñíèìêà (Simple Panoramic – ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà êîñìè÷åñêèõ ñíèìêîâ), ñòàòè÷åñêàÿ ïàíîðàìíàÿ ìîäåëü
ñíèìêà (Panoramic Static), äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ ïàíîðàìíàÿ ìîäåëü (Panoramic Dynamic), êîíôîðìíàÿ – Polynomial (Conformal) è àôèííîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå - Polynomial (Affine).  ïðîöåññå îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ
îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ êîîðäèíàòû òî÷êè ôîòîãðàôèðîâàíèÿ, óãëû íàêëîíà è äðóãèå ïàðàìåòðû
îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ.
Ïîñëå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïàðàìåòðîâ îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ âûïîëíÿåòñÿ
òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèå èñõîäíîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ. Åñëè çàäàíà ÖÌÐ, òî ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ
òî÷íîå îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèå ñ ó÷åòîì âûñîòû ïîâåðõíîñòè äëÿ êàæäîãî ïèêñåëà. Â
ýòîì ñëó÷àå òî÷íîñòü ðåçóëüòèðóþùåãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ òî÷íîñòüþ ÖÌÐ,
îïîðíûõ òî÷åê è òî÷íîñòüþ èõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ íà ñíèìêå (ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè GPS òî÷åê, äëÿ ñíèìêîâ ÊÂÐ-1000
äîñòèæèìà òî÷íîñòü 2-3 ìåòðà). Åñëè ÖÌÐ íå çàäàíà, ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ
òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèå ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñðåäíåé âûñîòû. Ýòîò ìåòîä ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé
êîððåêöèè ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü õîðîøèé ðåçóëüòàò äëÿ ïëîñêèõ îáëàñòåé.
Ïðîãðàììíîå
îáåñïå÷åíèå ðàçðàáîòàíî êàê 32-áèòíîå ïðèëîæåíèå äëÿ ÎÑ Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP (íå äëÿ DOS/Windows 3.1) íà àïïàðàòíîé ïëàòôîðìå x86.
Ìèíèìàëüíûå
òðåáîâàíèÿ ê àïïàðàòíûì ñðåäñòâàì:
·
Pentium 90;
·
64
Má ÎÇÓ;
·
50
Má íà æåñòêîì äèñêå;
Ðåêîìåíäóåìàÿ
êîíôèãóðàöèÿ:
·
Pentium II - 400 èëè âûøå;
·
1
Ãá ÎÇÓ èëè áîëüøå;
·
ñâîáîäíîå
ìåñòî íà äèñêå 2 Ãá èëè áîëüøå.
Óñòàíîâêà è çàïóñê ïðîãðàììû «OrthoMap»
1.
Äëÿ óñòàíîâêè
ïðîãðàììû «OrthoMap» çàïóñòèòå ïðîãðàììó SETUP.EXE. Äëÿ èíñòàëëÿöèè âàì íåîáõîäèìî óêàçàòü ìåñòî íà
æåñòêîì äèñêå ãäå áóäåò óñòàíîâëåíà ïðîãðàììà.
Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ ïðîãðàììà «OrthoMap» óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â äèðåêòîðèè “ Program Files\VinekSoft\Omap1.33”.
2.
Çàïóñê ïðîãðàììû
îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ èç ìåíþ Start->Programs->Vinek
Software->OrthoMap 1.33->OrthoMap. Äëÿ óäîáñòâà ðàáîòû ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ññûëêó íà ïðîãðàììó ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðîãðàììû Windows Explorer (íà ôàéëå Omap.exe
ïðàâàÿ êëàâèøà ìûøè->Create Shortcut).
Ïðîãðàììà ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ êàê shareware – ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî
îíà óñëîâíî áåñïëàòíàÿ. Âû ìîæåòå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ äàííîé ïðîãðàììîé â òå÷åíèå
îçíàêîìèòåëüíîãî ïåðèîäà (14 äíåé). Â ýòî âðåìÿ ïðîãðàììà ïîçâîëÿåò
èñïîëüçîâàòü âñå ôóíêöèè áåç îãðàíè÷åíèÿ. Ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ îçíàêîìèòåëüíîãî
ïåðèîäà ïðîãðàììà ñìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî ÷åòûðå ýëëèïñîèäà ñ
ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè äàòóìàìè è ïðîåêöèÿìè. Ïî èñòå÷åíèè ýòîãî ïåðèîäà âû ìîæåòå
êóïèòü ïðîãðàììó èëè óäàëèòü (äåèíñòàëëèðîâàòü) å¸ ñ âàøåãî êîìïüþòåðà. Ïðîãðàììà ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ
òîëüêî íà îäíîì êîìïüþòåðå, òî÷íåå îäíîé àïïàðàòíîé êîíôèãóðàöèè. Ïðè óñòàíîâêå
ïðîãðàììû íà äðóãîì êîìïüþòåðå íåîáõîäèìà íîâàÿ ðåãèñòðàöèÿ (ñîîòâåòñòâåííî è
îïëàòà).
Åñëè âû õîòèòå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàòü ïðîãðàììó âàì ñëåäóåò âûïîëíèòü ñëåäóþùèå
äåéñòâèÿ:
1.
Ïîñëàòü ìíå (vinek@yahoo.com, vinek@list.ru) Machine ID(êîä,
îäíîçíà÷íî îïðåäåëÿþùèé êîìïüþòåð) è Username (èìÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ) (Machine ID âû ìîæåòå âçÿòü â îêíå Register, èìÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ ïðèäóìàéòå ñàìè). Âû ìîæåòå
ñîõðàíèòü ýòó èíôîðìàöèþ â òåêñòîâîì ôàéëå (êíîïêà Save)
è ïðèêðåïèòü å¸ ê ïèñüìó, èëè íàæàòü êíîïêó Send
– èíôîðìàöèÿ áóäåò ïîñëàíà ñ ïîìîùüþ ïî÷òîâîé ïðîãðàììû, óñòàíîâëåííîé ïî
óìîë÷àíèþ.
2. Ïîñëå îïëàòû ïîëó÷èòü ñåðèéíûé íîìåð îò ìåíÿ. ß âûøëþ åãî âàì â òå÷åíèå
5 ðàáî÷èõ äíåé (îáû÷íî ãîðàçäî áûñòðåå). Âû ìîæåòå ïîëó÷èòü ðåãèñòðàöèþ
ïðîãðàììû è áåñïëàòíî, íàïðèìåð, íà
óñëîâèÿõ òåñòèðîâàíèÿ èëè äðóãèõ óñëîâèÿõ, äëÿ ýòîãî ñâÿæèòåñü ñî ìíîé (vinek@yahoo.com vinek@list.ru).
3. Ââåäèòå ñåðèéíûé íîìåð
è èìÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ïîëÿ îêíà Register è íàæìèòå êíîïêó Register
1.
Ïîäãîòîâüòå ñëåäóþùèå âõîäíûå äàííûå:
·
Èñõîäíîå èçîáðàæåíèå â îäíîì èç ôîðìàòîâ - TIFF, BMP, JPEG, OSD, ERS;
·
Íàáîð îïîðíûõ òî÷åê â ôîðìàòå GCP â íóæíîé ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò èëè
ðàñòðîâîå èçîáðàæåíèå, êîòîðîå áóäåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê êàðòà;
·
Öèôðîâóþ ìîäåëü ðåëüåôà (ÖÌÐ) â ôîðìàòå OSD, TIFF, DTM;
·
Êîîðäèíàòû Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîãî óãëà îðòîèçîáðàæåíèÿ â âûáðàííîé ñèñòåìå
êîîðäèíàò;
·
Ðàçìåð îðòîèçîáðàæåíèÿ;
·
Ñðåäíÿÿ âûñîòà îáëàñòè;
·
Òèï êàìåðû (ñìîòðè ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûå òèïû êàìåð âî Ââåäåíèè) èëè ïàðàìåòðû êàìåðû (ôîêóñíîå ðàññòîÿíèå,
ðàçðåøåíèå ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ, ïðèáëèçèòåëüíóþ âûñîòó ñúåìêè).
2.
Ïîäãîòîâüòå ïðîåêò, çàäàâ ñëåäóþùåå:
·
Ñèñòåìó êîîðäèíàò;
·
Ïàðàìåòðû êàìåðû;
·
Ïîëîæåíèå è ðàçìåð òðåáóåìîé îáëàñòè (Îáëàñòü èíòåðåñà Area of Interest –AOI);
·
Ôàéë èñõîäíîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ;
·
Ôàéë ÖÌÐ;
·
Ôàéë îïîðíûõ òî÷åê (GCP) – íåîáõîäèìî èìïîðòèðîâàòü èõ â ïðîåêò;
·
Èìÿ è ðàñïîëîæåíèå âûõîäíîãî ôàéëà îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàííîãî èçîáðàæåíèÿ.
3.
Âûïîëíèòå ïðîöåññ îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ, îöåíèòå òî÷íîñòü.
4.
Âûïîëíèòå ïðîöåññ îðòîòðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèÿ.
Ìåòîä
êîððåêöèè ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèõ îøèáîê ïðè ñîçäàíèè îðòîôîòî
After orthorectification of an image
user obtains a file of orthoimage and a file containing the list of GCPs recalculated to the
orthoimage. In order to evaluate the presence and value of systematic errors
the user should place the GCPs on orthoimage according to their initial
locations. After this it is necessary to perform orientation of orthoimage using one of the
polynomial models. To correct the image it is possible to use re-transôîðìàòion
of the image (Process -> Orthorectification) or perform re-registration of
the image by changing the parameters in "world file" (e.g. TFW for
TIF) without image transôîðìàòion (Process -> Registration takes into
account image offset and rotation; Process -> Simple Registration takes into
account image offset only).
Ðàáîòà
ñ ïðîãðàììîé
Îñíîâíîå
ìåíþ
Îñíîâíîå
ìåíþ ñîäåðæèò ñëåäóþùèå ïóíêòû:
"File" – ôóíêöèè óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðîåêòîì (Îòêðûòü,
Ñîçäàòü, Ñîõðàíèòü):
"New Project"
– ñîçäàåò íîâûé ïðîåêò;
"Open Project"
– îòêðûâàåò ñóùåñòâóþùèé ïðîåêò;
“Import points” – èìïîðò îïîðíûõ òî÷åê â (GCP) ïðîåêò;
"Preview" – âû ìîæåòå ïðîñìîòðåòü ëþáîé ñíèìîê â
ïîääåðæèâàåìîì ôîðìàòå;
“Open Map” –
îòêðûòü èçîáðàæåíèå êàðòû – ýòîò ïóíêò äîñòóïåí ïîñëå îòêðûòèÿ îêíà îñíîâíîãî
èçîáðàæåíèÿ â ïðîöåññå âíåøíåãî îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ;
"Save Project"
– ñîõðàíèòü òåêóùèé ïðîåêò;
"Save As"
– ñîõðàíèòü òåêóùèé ïðîåêò ñ äðóãèì èìåíåì;
"Info" -
ïîêàçûâàåò èíôîðìàöèþ î ïðîåêòå;
"Save Info"
– ñîõðàíÿåò èíôîðìàöèþ î ïðîåêòå â ôàéëå;
"Print Info"
– ïå÷àòàåò èíôîðìàöèþ î ïðîåêòå íà ïðèíòåðå ïî óìîë÷àíèþ;
"Exit"- âûõîä èç ïðîãðàììû.
"Edit"
- project editing, setting project parameteers:
"Coordinate System"-
opens project window on Output CS page;
"Camera"- opens
project window on camera page;
"Topocentric System"-
opens project window on topo page;
"Ortho Image Location"-
opens project window on AOI location page;
"Resampling Type"-
opens project window on Output CS page;
"Define Raw Image";
"Define Ortho Image";
"Define DEM";
"Define Ground Control
Points";
"Orientation"
“Window”
“Arrange all windows” - default position for all program windows
"View"
"Preview"– opens
Open dialog for selecting preview image;
"Process"
- processes of image orientation and transôôîðìàòion;
"Orientation" -
image exterior orientation;
"Rectification (Ortho)"
- image orthorectification;
"Registration" -
image registration without rectification;
"Simple Registration"
- image registration only dX, dY.
"Utilities"
– menu of different utilities, user can tune
this menu
"Orthorectification"
– predefined tool for rectification
"Import DEM from XYZ file"
– predefined tool for DEM import
"Import DEM from line ôîðìàò"
– predefined tool for DEM import
"Import DEM from one Z on
line" – predefined tool for DEM import
"Help"
- on-line help system.
After start of the software there are only two
available items in Main Menu/File: "New Project" and
"Open Project". Select "File" form Main Menu,
select "New Project" (or select "New Project"
button from tools palette). A new project is automatically created, WGS-84/UTM coordinate system is selected by
default with appropriate message in message window. Editing and saving of project become available after
creation of a project.
Note:
a project is created in RAM. To save it to your hard disk select "Save
Project" or "Save as" from "File" menu (or use
"Save Project" or "Save as" buttons from tools palette).
Select
"Open project" from "File" menu or use "Open
project" button from tools palette. Common "open file" dialog is
activated. Use this dialog to find and select a project file. Project editing
and saving functions become available after opening a project. Project window
will be automatically opened.
Note:
a project is created in RAM. To save it to your hard disk select "Save
Project" or "Save as" from "File" menu (or use
"Save Project" or "Save as" buttons from tools palette).
Ground Control Points (GCP) for project are stored in
file with name of project and extention ‘.gcp’ -<projectname>.gcp, ôîðìàò
of this file is described in section “Ôîðìàò of GCP file ”
You can enter
control point manually or define them from raster map in process of exterior
orientation.
Or if you have
external file of control points in GCP ôîðìàò you can import it into project.
Select "Import
points" from "File" menu. Then select required file
of gcp ôîðìàò from standard open file dialog.
Select "Preview" from
"File" menu. Then select required image file from standard open file
dialog. It is possible to view files of the following types: *.OSD, *.BMP,
*.TIF, *.JPEG, *.ERS, *.DTM. After a file is selected, the preview image window
are opened.
Preview Window
Preview window
contains the following buttons:
-
display the whole image in the window;
-
zoom in by 2;
-
zoom out by 2;
- authomatic histogram stretch
In the title of
window X, Y pixel coordinates of an image point are shown.
To obtain inôîðìàòion on current status of
active project select "Info" from "File" menu
or use "Project inôîðìàòion"
button from tools palette.
Appearing
Inôîðìàòion window contains the following pages:
·
Files - setting
of working files
·
Camera - setting
of camera parameters
·
AOI location
- setting of llocation and size of orthoimage (AOI)
·
Topo - setting
of topocentric system location
·
Output
CS - setting
of coordinate system and pixel resampling type
·
Model - setting
camera model
Active
project is not automatically saved to your hard disk. If some changes are made
to active project, the inôîðìàòion window will display them rather than project
inôîðìàòion stored in the project file on the hard disk. To store the changes
in the file, save active project (see Note to the section "Opening an existing project" above).
Select item
"Define Raw Image" from "Edit" menu to define
source image file using common "Open file" dialog. Or you can click
line “Input file” on page “Files”.
Select item
"Define Ortho Image" from "Edit" menu to
define name and directory path of output orthoimage file. Or you can click line
“Output file” on page “Files”.
Select item
"Define DEM" from "Edit" menu to define DEM
file name (not used for transôîðìàòion to mean plane) using common "Open
file" dialog, also can be used to remove the DEM from the project. Or you
can click line “DEM file” on page “Files”.
On this page you
can define Project title and give some Comments for this project.
If you have
control points in separate GCP file, then you can import them into project.
Select item "Import points" from "File" and
select file name using common "Open file" dialog. When you save
project, control points will be saved in file with name of project file and
‘.gcp’ extention. The GCP file contains inôîðìàòion determining location of
each control point on image in pixel coordinates and on the ground in
geographic coordinates. GCP file ôîðìàò described in section "Ôîðìàòs of Files".
Select
"Camera" from "Edit" menu. Camera parameters setting window
is displayed.
Select camera
type from "Camera type" list
The required
parameters are the following:
·
Focus -
camera focal length (in millimeters);
·
Aperture -
scanning aperture (in microns per pixel);
·
Altitude of
flight - average altitude of shooting (in kilometers).
To save the changes
in camera parameters, save active project (see Note to the section "Opening an existing project" above). To discard changes press
"Cancel" button.
Çàäàíèå êîîðäèíàòíîé ñèñòåìû
è ìåòîäà èíòåðïîëÿöèè ïèêñåëîâ
Select "Coordinate system"
from "Edit" menu, then select required coordinate system from
two available (Gauss-Kruger on Krasovsky spheroid or UTM on WGS-84 spheroid).
Or you can simply click on lines “Spheroid”, “Datum”, “Projection”
and coordinate system changes.
Select "Resampling type"
item from "Edit" menu, then select necessary pixel resampling
type from the list. Current resampling type is marked in the list. The best
choice for “black and white” imagery is “Bilinear interpolation”, but it
can change colours for multispectral (RGB) images. "Nearest neighbour" resampling method is faster
and does not change colour of RGB images.
Note.
All coordinates in the system are to be specified with zone number as first
digits in Easting coordinate.
For
example: 12356800 – 12 zone 356800- coordinates in zone
To set location
and size of orthoimage select item "Ortho Image Location" from
"Edit" menu.
Output orthoimage is oriented along
Easting/Northing axes of specified coordinate system, so orthoimage location is
determined by one point - North-West corner of orthoimage corresponding to
output file coordinates 0:0 (upper left corner of the output image). For
transôîðìàòion of the image to mean plane of the required area average height
of the area must be specified.
Attention!
Average height is also used for the pixels of the required area beyond DEM
area. It may lead to image distortions at the DEM / average height border area
if difference in heights is significant. To avoid this, control orthoimage and
DEM area sizes carefully.
Orthoimage
size and grid step are specified in meters.
To process the whole input image use
"All Image" button. In this case the coordinates of North-West
corner, output pixel size corresponding to input pixel size and orthoimage size
corresponding to the whole input file are determined from the parameters of
exterior orientation corresponding to the set of ground control points. These
values are used as orthoimage location.
To process the image within DEM
borders use "DEM" button.
Use "From GCP"
button to define the mean plane with the height determined as average of
the heights of control points.
Use "From GCP"
button to define the step of output image from ground control points.
A local Cartesian topocentric system is used for production of orthoimage. Using
"Calc Topo" button the origin of the topocentric system is located in
the center of orthoimage area (the option "Auto topocentric" is
automatically turned off). For most tasks this way of location of topocentric system
is recommended. An advanced user can
specify the location of the topocentric system manually.
Output orthoimage
file pixels outside the image area will be filled with "Null Value"
(for 8-bit grayscale 0 is black, 255 is white).
Çàäàíèå ïîëîæåíèÿ òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêîé
ñèñòåìû
Topocentric coordinate system is the
Cartesian system in which exterior orientation will be done. It can be defined
by its origin and azimuth. To set location of topocentric system select "Topocentric
System" item from "Edit" menu. Or select page “Topo”
of project window.
Radio buttons If
selected
Auto topocentric Origin of topocentric system defines
in the centre of control points (default)
User defined Origin of topocentric system
can be defined by user
Button
Calc Topo origin of topocentric
system defined in the centre of area of interest (AOI)
Auto Azimuth azimuth of topocentric system sets from camera
definition according to the pass of satellite
ComboBox
Ascending pass ascending pass of satellite orbit
Descending pass descending pass of satellite orbit
For most tasks “Auto topocentric” location of
topocentric system is recommended. An
advanced user can specify the location of the topocentric system manually.
You can specify latitude and longitude of the origin
of topocentric system on Topo page of Project window. The coordinates are entered
in the following ôîðìàò:
ddd:mm:ss.ss
N|S|E|W
where:
ddd - degrees;
mm - minutes;
ss.ss - seconds with decimal fractions;
N|S|E|W - North, South, East, or West.
"Auto Azimuth" button is
used for automatic setting of azimuth of the topocentric system according to
the camera type and taking into account ascending or descending orbit (option
"Ascending pass"):
Camera type KVR-1000 TK-350 KFA-1000,MK-4 LandsatTM AerialPhoto
Ascending orbit 115 25 8 98 0
Descending orbit 245 155 172 98 0
The source image can be described using various
models. There are 7 models for image orientation in OrthoMap:
·
Polynomial (Conformal).
·
Polynomial (Affine).
·
Polynomial second order.
·
Frame (central projection);
·
Simple Dynamic;
·
Panoramic Static;
·
Panoramic Dynamic;
You can choose
geometric model of image which will be
used for external orientation on page “Model” of Project window.
The source image file has left coordinate system, but
to solve the task of orientation it is necessary to use right coordinate
system. It is possible to transform left coordinate system to right one in
several variants. In OrthoMap it is possible to select the direction of image
coordinate system. Select Edit -> Orientation, then select one of the four
possible directions of coordinate system in Orientation window.
Îêíî
âíåøíåãî îðèåíòèðîâàíèÿ, îêíà ñíèìêà è êàðòû
You can do
external orientation by pressing “Exterior orientation” button on main window toolbar.
Will be opened
two windows:
·
Exterior orientation – with list of control point (if were
imported or defined in previous run) .
·
Image window
- with input image.
On image window
you can use commands:
Select - select conrtol point closest to
cursor position;
All image - fit image to window (keyboard grey
*);
Zoom in - increase image in window (keyboard
grey +);
Zoom out - decrease image in window (keyboard
grey -);
Zoom mode - cursor in zoom mode (left click – select
in image central point of window,
drag cursor – new zoom);
press key ‘Shift’ and you will be able to change pixel coordinates for
current control point
(instant Arrow mode );
Arrow mode -
left click changes pixel coordinates for current control point
Auto histogram
stretch - increase brightness of image.
All command are
available from popup menu (right click on image).
“Open raster
map” button will be shown on main window toolbar.
The window "Exterior
Orientation" contains the table of GCPs each of which can be in two
modes: On/active ("Yes" in column On/Off) and Off/passive
("No" in column On/Off). Switching of modes can be done by left mouse
button double click on the cell "On/Off" of the row with required
point. Active points will be used in orientation process automatically.
Position errors in X and Y will be shown in columns "Rxy,m",
"dX,m" and "dY,m". The aggregate result of orientation
(RMS) will be shown in status line in the bottom of the window.
The GCP table has
the following fields:
·
Name - point name (without blanks);
·
On/Off - point status, only active points will
be used in orientation and pixel calculation;
·
X,
pixels - pixel values
of X coordinate in image file;
·
Y,
pixels - pixel values
of Y coordinate in image file;
·
Easting,
m - geodetic
coordinate West-East in meters;
·
·
Northing,
m - geodetic
coordinate North-South in meters;
·
Height,
m - point height in
meters;
·
Rxy,m – RMS on x,y;
·
dX,m – X error on point;
·
dY,m – Y error on point.
There are the
following buttons in this window:
Undo -
undo last changes;
Add point -
add point after the current one;
Delete point -
delete current point;
Solve - solve external orientation according current
geometric model;
RMS w/o - RMS is calculated for each point (shown
in column "RMS w/o") in assumption that this point is passive. In
this mode we can find the worst point (with the minimal value in the column
"RMS w/o") and turn it off.
Calc pixels - calculate pixel coordinates for current point with
known geodetic coordinates, first order polynomial is used, its coefficients
are calculated for all active points, not less than two active points with
known pixel and geodetic coordinates are required;
Calc pixels
for all “No” points - calculate pixel coordinates for current
point with known geodetic coordinates, first order polynomial is used, its
coefficients are calculated for all active points, not less than two active
points with known pixel and geodetic coordinates are required;
Calc map - calculate geodetic coordinates for
current point with known pixel coordinates, first order polynomial is used, its
coefficients are calculated for all active points, not less than two active
points with known pixel and geodetic coordinates are required.
Geometric
model - ComboBox for
geometric model selection
Ðåäàêòèðîâàíèå
ñóùåñòâóþùåé òî÷êè
For editing of existing point you
must select the row with this point in window "External Orientation".
The point becomes current and will be shown in the table and on image in
appropriate color.
In normal state the image window is
in zoom mode (cursor ). For current
point you must find its position on image and holding Shift key (the window
mode changes to arrow mode and cursor image will be ) click left mouse button
in selected location on image. Pixel coordinates in GCP table will be changed
for the current point.
To add a new
point press button "Add point".
You can define
point geodetic coordinates from map. Press button “Open raster map” on main window
toolbar and select raster map with the help of standard “Open dialog” window.
Coordinates of point, selected in map window will be displayed in columns “Easting”
and “Northing”.
There are three help modes for user (buttons
"Calc Pixels", "Calc Map", "RMS w/o").
The source image
can be described using various models. There are 7 models for image orientation
in OrthoMap:
·
Polynomial (Conformal).
·
Polynomial (Affine).
·
Polynomial second order.
·
Frame (central projection);
·
Simple Dynamic;
·
Panoramic Static;
·
Panoramic Dynamic;
In order to
achieve maximal accuracy in orthorectification it is necessary to select the
image model correctly. The following table shows default settings of
orientation model for different types of cameras (these settings can be changed
by operator):
Camera type Orientation type (model)
KVR-1000 Panoramic Dynamic
TK-350 Frame
KFA-1000 Frame
MK-4 Frame
Landsat-TM Panoramic Dynamic
Unknown Frame
The
transôîðìàòion parameters include static (frame image) and dynamic parts. All
these parameters are determined during exterior orientation. In case of
insufficient amount of control points it is possible to determine only static
(frame) image parameters.
The following
parameters are determined during exterior orientation:
* coordinates of
the point of photography;
* 3 angles of
shooting;
* 6 dynamic
parameters.
Select
"Orientation" item from "Process" menu. If control points
file is present, Exterior orientation window is opened.
The window
contains a table of control points. Each point can be included into or excluded
from the process of orientation by left-clicking in appropriate "On/Off"
cell. To start the process of orientation press "Solve" button
. Resulting accuracy (RMS error) of orientation is then displayed in
"Accuracy of orientation" field. The column "Rxy" in
the control points table shows RMS for each point. After completion of the
process of orientation the resulting orientation parameters can be viewed in
the Inôîðìàòion window using "Info" item from "File"
menu or "Project inôîðìàòion"
button from tools palette. It is also possible to store the orientation
accuracy report in a file by pressing
button. Before starting the process of orthorectification the active
project must be saved for the resulting orientation parameters to be stored in
the project file.
Òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíèå
ñíèìêîâ
If the accuracy of exterior orientation is acceptable then it is necessary to
save the parameters in project file by pressing "Save Project"
button.
To start the
module of orthorectification with current project select "Rectification
(Ortho)" item from "Process" menu. If exterior orientation not solved then module rectify.exe will not start.
If project was changed then you will be asked to save project before start of
Rectify module.
The module works
with active project. The module window displays the following inôîðìàòion:
·
source
image file name;
·
output
file name;
·
number
of columns and rows of output file;
·
grid
steps in meters along X and Y axes for output file.
To start the
process of orthorectification press "Start" button. Progress
indication window displays elapsed processing time, approximate remaining
processing time and percentage of process completion. To interrupt the process
press "Cancel" button. If DEM is not specified when starting the
process, transôîðìàòion will be performed to mean plane with the height
specified in the active project with appropriate message displayed in message
window.
Initially Menu “Utilities” contains some
useful utilities:
"Orthorectification"
– predefined tool for rectification
"Import
DEM from XYZ file" – predefined tool for DEM import
"Import
DEM from line ôîðìàò" – predefined tool for DEM import
"Import
DEM from one Z on line" – predefined tool for DEM import
You can tune this
menu. Menu items may be defined in file ‘tools.ini’ in OrthoMap folder.
You must fill two
lines for every menu item:
first line – CaptionXXX – text line which will be
shown in menu;
second line –
ModuleXXX – program, loaded on click,
where XXX – number of menu line, first
line has number 000.
If CaptionXXX=-
then there will be only line in the menu (see line Caption001)
And Number must
be equal to overall quantity of menu lines
Example of
predefined menu:
[Tools]
Number=5
Caption000=Orthorectification
Module000=rectify.exe
Caption001=-
Module001=-
Caption002=Import
DEM from XYZ text file
Module002=Xyz2Bin2.exe
Caption003=Import
DEM from line ôîðìàò
Module003=Line2Bin.exe
Caption004=Import
DEM from one Z on line
Module004=Asc2Bin.exe
Coordinate
Calculator may be used for calculation of ground control points in needed
projection.
See
Coordinate Calculator User’s Guide for detailed description http://vinek.narod.ru/ccalc.html
Reproject utility is used to
reproject orthoimages and DEM from one coordinate system to another. Input and
output coordinate systems are specified in the same way as in Coordinate
Calculator (see above section). Specify "Input file" and "Output
file" through common "Open file" dialog. It is possible to
specify required pixel size in meters for output file (by default it is equal
to input file pixel size).
For orthorectification it is
necessary to use DEM in OSD ôîðìàò. For this purpose it is possible to import
DEM from ASCII files.
ASCII ôîðìàò with one height value per a line, lines
are separated by <CR>/<LF>. Beginning of output DEM file in OSD
ôîðìàò corresponds to the North-West corner of the area. Therefore, the height
values in input ASCII file must start from the North-West corner of the area
and be located by lines. The origin point is the North-West corner of DEM. If
source ASCII file is recorded starting from the South-West corner, then after
import it is possible to use FLIP utility to flip DEM around horizontal axis.
Module ASC2BIN.
·
ASCII ôîðìàò
with each line containing all height values of DEM in one line. The values are
blank separated, lines are separated by <CR>/<LF>. The order of
input lines must corrspond to North-to-South direction. The origin point is the
North-West corner of DEM.
Module Line2BIN.
* ASCII ôîðìàò
with values X (Easting), Y (Northing), Z (Height) in each line, lines are
separated by <CR>/<LF>. X, Y, Z values must be blank separated. X,
Y, Z values can be preceded by a point number, in this case it is necessary to
specify option "ignore first column". Input file must contain all X,
Y, Z values of a regular matrix. Interpolation of missed heights is not
performed. If a value is missed, the DEM element is filled with a default value
(0).
Module XYZ2BIN.
If
necessary it is possible to export DEM from the interior ôîðìàò OSD to ASCII
file in one of the following ôîðìàòs:
* ASCII ôîðìàò
with one height value per a line, lines are separated by <CR>/<LF>.
The hight values in output file are located from the North-West corner by lines.
Module BIN2ASC.
* ASCII ôîðìàò
with each line containing all height values of DEM in one line. The values are
blank separated, lines are separated by <CR>/<LF>. The hight values
in output file are located from the North-West corner.
Module BIN2Line.
ASCII ôîðìàò with
values N (point number), X (Easting), Y (Northing), Z (Height) in each line,
lines are separated by <CR>/<LF>. N X, Y, Z values are separated by
comma and blank. The points in output file are located from the South-West corner
by lines.
Module BIN2XYZ.
To
flip or rotate source image and DEM files around horizontal axis use
"Flip" utility from "Utilities" item of Main Menu.
- no flip, can be used for ôîðìàò conÂåðñèÿ,
e.g. TIFF to BMP;
- flip around vertical axis;
- flip around horizontal axis;
- rotation 1800;
- rotation 900 clockwise;
- rotation 900 counterclockwise;
·
Source
imagery. Source image may be in TIFF, BMP, JPEG, OSD, ERS, DTM ôîðìàò.
·
DEM files.
DEM must be in OSD, ERS, DTM or TIFF 16-bit ôîðìàò or can be imported from
ASCII ôîðìàò (see "Import of DEM from ASCII
file"
above).
Images can be saved in TIFF, BMP, JPEG, OSD(OrthoMap
Dataset), ERS ôîðìàòs. In OSD ôîðìàò the image or DEM data is stored in BIL
ôîðìàò starting from the upper left corner of image or DEM. Accompanying
inôîðìàòion (geo inôîðìàòion, image size, etc.) is stored in a separate text
file (header) with the same name as the data file and extension OSD. The data
file name has no extension.
For TIFF, BMP and JPEG ôîðìàòs corresponding
geo-referencing file ("world file") is automatically created, e.g.
TFW for TIF.
Çàãîëîâîê
OSD ôàéëà ðàçäåëåí íà ñëåäóþùèå
áëîêè:
CoordinateSystem. Ýòîò áëîê ñîäåðæèò ñëåäóþùåå:
Ýëëèïñîèä ("Datum");
Êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ
ïðîåêöèÿ ("Projection");
Åäèíèöû
èçìåðåíèÿ("Units") - ìåòðû.
ImageInfo. Áëîê ñîäåðæèò ñëåäóþùóþ èíôîðìàöèþ:
* Òèï ÿ÷åéêè ("CellType");
* X è Y ðàçìåðû ÿ÷åéêè â "Units" (XDimension, YDimension);
*
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðîê ("NrOfLines") è êîëîíîê ("NrOfCellsPerLine") ôàéëà äàííûõ;
* Òî÷êà
ïðèâÿçêè ("RegistrationPoint") – ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå
êîîðäèíàòû òî÷êè ïðèâÿçêè â "Units";
*
Ïèêñåëüíûå êîîðäèíàòû òî÷êè ïðèâÿçêè â ôàéëå ("RegistrationCellX" and "RegistrationCellY");
* Êîëè÷åñòâî
äèàïàçîíîâ ("NrOfBands").
Example
OrthoSetDataHeader
[
Âåðñèÿ
= 1.0
LastUpdated
= Fri Jun 30 17:20:24 GMT 2000
DataSetType
= OrthoSetData
ByteOrder = LSBFirst
CoordinateSystem [
Datum
= "PULKOVO"
Projection = "GAUSE15"
Spheroid = ""
Units
= "METERS"
CoordinateType = EN
CoordinateSystem ]
ImageInfo [
CellType
= UNSIGNED16BITINTEGER
Xdimension = 20.000
Ydimension = 20.000
NrOfLines
= 250
NrOfCellsPerLine = 250
RegistrationPoint [
Eastings = 6334000.000
Northings = 3324000.000
RegistrationPoint ]
RegistrationCellX = 0.000
RegistrationCellY = 0.000
NrOfBands = 1
ImageInfo ]
OrthoSetDataHeader
]
GCP-ôàéë (Ground Control Points) ôîðìèðóåòñÿ ëþáûì òåêñòîâûì ðåäàêòîðîì. Ïðåäñòàâëÿåò
ñîáîé òåêñòîâûé ôàéë, êàæäàÿ ñòðîêà êîòîðîãî ñîäåðæèò èíôîðìàöèþ îá îäíîé
êîíòðîëüíîé òî÷êå â ñëåäóþùåì âèäå :
Name On/Off
CellX CellY GeoX
GeoY GeoZ
ãäå
Name – èìÿ òî÷êè (â íåì íå
äîïóñêàþòñÿ ïðîáåëû)
On/Off – ïðèçíàê âêëþ÷åííîé òî÷êè Yes â äàííîì ïîëå
CellX, CellY - ïèêñåëüíûå
êîîðäèíàòû òî÷êè â ôàéëå;
GeoX, GeoY
-
ñîîòâåòñòâåííî Easting è Northing â ìåòðàõ â âûáðàííîé êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêîé ïðîåêöèè;
GeoZ - âûñîòà òî÷êè
Ðàçäåëèòåëü: ïðîáåë èëè
òàáóëÿöèÿ
Åñëè ïåðâûé ñèìâîë ñòðîêè òî÷êà
ñ çàïÿòîé ; òî ñòðîêà ñ÷èòàåòñÿ ñòðîêîé
êîììåíòàðèÿ
Ïðèìåð
Name On/Off CellX CellY GeoX GeoY GeoZ
6_3 Yes 11623.500 3001.500 8224924.070 2019273.800 2713.240
6_4 Yes 11756.500 3533.500 8228258.370 2019053.460 2636.130
7_4 Yes 11165.500 3923.500 8229381.510 2014885.680 2520.240
7_5 Yes 11404.500 4533.500 8233366.060 2015145.070 2392.550
7_6 Yes 11535.500 5296.500 8238031.170 2014480.110 2251.360
8_4 Yes 10516.500 3920.500 8228202.040 2011003.240 2789.130
8_5 Yes 10892.500 5201.500 8236113.530 2011195.720 1477.380
8_6 Yes 10562.500 5665.500 8238150.650 2008438.600 1290.270
8_9 Yes 11582.500 8136.500 8254624.010 2009277.840 2137.370
9_9 Yes 10879.500 8344.500 8254497.070 2004745.150 2194.620
7_7 Yes 11845.500 6690.500 8246715.120 2013603.510 2197.420
<èìÿ
òî÷êè> <X êîîðäèíàòà Easting> <Y êîîðäèíàòà
Northing> <âûñîòà>
Ðàçäåëèòåëü:
ïðîáåë.
Ïðèìåð:
Point name X coordinate Easting Y coordinate Northing Height
6_3 8224924.070 2019273.800 2713.240
6_4 8228258.370 2019053.460 2636.130
7_4 8229381.510 2014885.680 2520.240
7_5 8233366.060 2015145.070 2392.550
7_6 8238031.170 2014480.110 2251.360
8_4 8228202.040 2011003.240 2789.130
8_5 8236113.530 2011195.720 1477.380
8_6 8238150.650 2008438.600 1290.270
8_9 8254624.010 2009277.840 2137.370
9_9 8254497.070 2004745.150 2194.620
7_7 8246715.120 2013603.510 2197.420
1 ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION
2 ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
3 ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
4 ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES
5 ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
6 ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
7 ERROR_ARENA_TRASHED
8 ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY
9 ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK
10 ERROR_BAD_ENVIRONMENT
11 ERROR_BAD_ÔÎÐÌÀÒ
12 ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS
13 ERROR_INVALID_DATA
14 ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY
15 ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE
16 ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY
17 ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE
18 ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
19 ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT
20 ERROR_BAD_UNIT
21 ERROR_NOT_READY
22 ERROR_BAD_COMMAND
23 ERROR_CRC
24 ERROR_BAD_LENGTH
25 ERROR_SEEK
26 ERROR_NOT_DOS_DISK
27 ERROR_SECTOR_NOT_FOUND
28 ERROR_OUT_OF_PAPER
29 ERROR_WRITE_FAULT
31 ERROR_GEN_FAILURE
32 ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION
33 ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION
34 ERROR_WRONG_DISK
36 ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED
38 ERROR_HANDLE_EOF
39 ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL
50 ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
51 ERROR_REM_NOT_LIST
52 ERROR_DUP_NAME
53 ERROR_BAD_NETPATH
54 ERROR_NETWORK_BUSY
55 ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST
Òåõíè÷åñêàÿ
ïîääåðæêà
Home Page: http://vinek.narod.ru http://geocities.datacellar.net/vinek
E-mail: vinek@yahoo.com
(c) 2004-2006 Vinek Software