In order to understand the different
teas, we must first learn about the processes that the tea leaves go through
to make green, oolong or black tea. All three types are from the same plant,
Camellia Sinensis. What makes them different is the way they are processed
after the leaves are picked. When we understand that, the other types of
tea ...decaffeinated, flavored, and herbal...will make more sense to us.
HERBAL TEAS are made from the flowers,
roots and leaves of any edible plant. For example, rosehips tea is made
from the rosehips or fruit of the rose plant. Chamomile tea is made from
the flower of the chamomile plant. Other examples of herbal teas are peppermint
and alfalfa.
FLAVORED TEAS are made by spraying
oils on the leaves and/or adding spices, flower petals, or dried fruit.
DECAFFEINATED TEAS are made by leaching
the caffeine out of the leaf and then redrying it.
In order to understand the processing
of tea, we must know the meanings of the following terms:
STEAMING....makes the leaves pliable
to be rolled and also the heat deactivates the enzymes to prevent fermentation.
Steaming is only used in processing green tea.
WILTING OR WITHERING....The leaves
are placed in a warm, moist room to wilt. This allows fermentation to start
and also makes leaves pliable. Wilting is only used in processing oolong
and black teas.
ROLLING....The leaves release the
flavorful juices that gives tea its charactistic flavor.
DRYING OR FIRING....This stops the
fermentation process by destroying the enzymes and reducing the moisture
content of the leaf. This is when the leaf turns its black color.
PROCESSING:
BLACK TEA....The leaves are wilted
, then rolled to release the juices. Fermentation takes place until the
leaves are ready to be dried or fired.
OOLONG TEA....It is processed much
like black tea, but the leaves are wilted for a shorter period of time.
Therefore, it is only partially fermented, causing a light brown leaf which
produces a tea that is slightly fruity in aroma and flavor.
GREEN TEA....The leaves are steamed
instead of wilted. This prevents fermentation from beginning. The leaves
are then rolled and finally dried or fired. This preserves the color and
gives a pale yellow brew with a mild, slightly bitter taste.
|