Answers to Matching Set # One
A. an anti-trust investigation against this corporate 
giant that had gone on for years was dropped in the 
early 1980's because the industry had become much more competitive.
B. argued his The Visible Hand that the real power in 
corporate America is middle management.
C. set up in 1887 to regulate interstate trade, 
originally mainly railroads.
D. Tennessee Senator who undertook the Great 
Electrical Conspiracy investigation.
E. he was the early head of General Motors as it became 
the world's biggest auto producer
F. an 1890 attempt to permit government anti-trust action 
which bore little fruit until the Standard Oil case, 
except that it was often used against unions as 
combinations in restraint of trade. 
G. set up in 1913, it was empowered to issue 
'cease and desist orders' against deceptive
advertising and to take firms that did not 
respond into court.
H. invented the electric starter.
I. appointed by Carter, he directed the early 
deregulation efforts, such as involving airlines.
J. this led to government sanction of the Bell monopoly.
K. one person or representatives of the same 
interest serving on the boards of competing corporations.
L. out of this case, the Supreme Court formulated 
its 'rule of reason' as it ordered the break-up of
two industrial giants in 1911.
M. this firm was forced to sell large amounts 
of GM stock it owned because it was a major supplier
to GM, but it was allowed a monopoly of cellophane 
because there are substitutes for it available, 
such as wax paper and aluminum foil.
N. 1914 law which strengthened government 
anti-trust powers, outlawing price discrimination, 
interlocking directorates, exclusive dealings, 
tying contracts, and more.
O. the rule of reason began to be broken down with 
this 1945 case which broke up a large company that 
was big but had not been abusive of its position.
P. this has evolved as the general criterion for 
determining bigness that was too much power.
Q. this blocked the merger of two of the largest 
steel companies in the Youngstown Steel Tube case.
R. a firm the only business of which is to own 
other firms, often in competition with others 
in the same industry.
S. the head of the Chevrolet division who developed 
cars which outsold Ford because they
were built to reflect consumer's tastes.
T. 1920 case in which the Court articulated 
definitively its 'rule of reason' -- this firm 
was held to be big but not abusive.
U.this was the only significant case in which the 
Sherman Act was successful until 1911 -- 
the Court prohibited a bidding ring of cast 
iron producers in 1899. 


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