TEXAS PEACE OFFICER
JOB TASK ANALYSIS
REPORT
 
TEXAS COMMISSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT
OFFICER STANDARDS AND EDUCATION
DECEMBER, 1997
Chapter One
Introduction
Background

The Commission was created by the legislature in 1965 to establish standards for peace officers. These standards consist of minimum appointment, licensing, and training. The governing body is a nine member Commission appointed by the Governor to serve staggered six-year terms. The membership of the Commission is made up as follows: three members must be a sheriff, constable, or chief of police; three members must be persons licensed for five consecutive years (two of these three members must be peace officers who, when appointed, hold non-supervisory positions with a law enforcement agency); and three members must be from the general public.

An individual must be licensed by the Commission to serve as a peace officer. The requirements for licensing are set both by State statute and by Commission rule. Current Commission rules require a minimum of 560 hours of basic training. Basic training must be provided by a Commission-licensed training academy.

There is only one type of peace officer license, although there are many different types of law enforcement agencies with slightly different functions. These agency types include airport, city marshal, college, constable, county, county attorney, district attorney, district court, fire marshal, hospital, independent school district, municipal, port authority, sheriff, state, and water district.

Previous Task Analyses

One of the best approaches to maintain validity of employment standards is to conduct a well-documented job analysis project. These types of studies provide information for setting effective standards that are defensible when subjected to claims of discrimination. One factor in determining the need for a current job analysis is the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which affects all employers, including law enforcement agencies. The ADA legislation merely reinforces the need for employers to ensure that their employment standards are job related and consistent with business necessity.

In 1976, the Commission contracted with Texas A&M University to conduct the first job task analysis for Texas Peace Officers. In 1982, the Commission contracted with Sam Houston State University to revalidate the initial study. The revalidation study was undertaken to ensure the continuing validity of the Commission’s standards for entry and basic training.

The current job analysis study was conducted to identify the essential and important functions of the job of an entry-level peace officer. These functions will be referred to as the "core tasks." A comparison between these "core tasks," current licensing standards and basic peace officer training curricula can be done to determine if any changes are needed. Such comparisons will be made in a detailed report to be produced at a later time.

 


 
Chapter Two
Job Analysis Inventory Design

In this Chapter, the job analysis inventory design process is described. As part of the project, a report entitled Task Inventory Development Manual (1997) was written on how to conduct a job task analysis. The focus in Chapter Two is to describe, in general terms, the events that were part of the job task analysis.

Previous Task Analyses

The project team began the process by reviewing previous task analyses done in Texas and other states. The previous Texas task analyses were done in 1976 and 1982. The intent of the 1982 task analysis was to determine if the 1976 study could be extended to other types of law enforcement agencies, specifically college/university, airport, and park police personnel.

Task analyses done in a number of states were found to be helpful in establishing base task statements as a starting point. The states reviewed were (year of publication):

In addition to the tasks, equipment items were identified to allow for the development of an equipment list. The tasks and equipment lists reviewed from previous studies allowed the project team to begin drafting tasks to be discussed in the technical conferences.

 

The project plan called for conducting technical conferences in a way that would gather input from different types of departments and from different geographic regions of the State. To meet these goals, conferences were scheduled in Austin, McAllen, Conroe, Lubbock, and Dallas.

The subject matter experts (SMEs) were chosen by contacting the chief administrator of their departments. The chief administrator was asked to provide the name of a first-line supervisor with more than five years experience. The names of the participating subject matter experts are listed in the Acknowledgments section.

All technical conferences followed the format and plan described in the Task Inventory Development Manual (1997). The fundamental purpose of technical conferences was to have the SMEs review tasks, improve task statement wording, and propose new tasks. The conferences were successful on all three accounts. The result was a task inventory instrument that was improved in terms of content, communicability, and validity.

Scanning Booklets

As part of the data gathering process, staff decided to scan the data in-house. It added quality control and increased the staff’s long-term capability to replicate similar studies. The Commission purchased a scanner and scanning software. A scannable booklet was created because of its ease of data entry for the respondent. A copy of the instrument is contained in Appendix A.

The booklet was divided into three sections. The first section described the project and how to complete the instrument. The second section requested background information. The project team was able to limit the size of the second section by linking the completed surveys with basic background information that the Commission had in its officer database. Some of the background information collected included questions about assignments, shift work, and number of hours worked. The background information facilitates different types of analyses. For example, it will allow "core tasks" to be compared across geographic regions. The third section contains specific duty fields and task statements. The duty fields included were:

Each duty field contained many task statements. The "other" category allowed the respondents to add any tasks that they felt had been omitted. These write-in items are included in Appendix G and will be considered for inclusion in future task analyses.

Each of the task statements was rated on the following frequency scale:

Frequency

 

The next section of the booklet contained the following list of nine reference books that officers might use in performing their jobs:

Respondents were prompted to provide additional references. These additional references are listed in Appendix G.

The next section of the booklet contained items designed to capture the types of physical activities of officers. Items were centered on:

The final section of the booklet contained a comprehensive list of equipment that might be used by an officer. The officers were asked to identify equipment actually used in the line of duty. A complete list of the equipment is contained in the instrument in Appendix A.

Consequences of Inadequate Performance (CIP)

To analyze a job using a task inventory requires more information about the tasks than frequency alone. Certain tasks that are performed frequently may not be critical to the job (this is more fully explained in the Task Inventory Development Manual, 1997). One option is to allow SMEs to determine if failure to perform a task is detrimental to job performance.

An instrument was created for SMEs to rate the consequences of inadequate performance. The instrument also asked SMEs to rate the criticality of inadequate use of reference materials. The following criticality scale was used:

Criticality

NOTE: The SMEs showed good discrimination with the use of the criticality scale.

Decision Rules for Determining a Core Task

The frequencies and criticality scores were combined to form an index for decision rules. The three decision rules used for identifying a task as a "core task" are as follows:

  1. Mean CIP greater than or equal to 3.0 [fairly serious] and frequency greater than or equal to 2.0 [few times per month to monthly].
  2. Mean CIP greater than or equal to 4.0 [serious] and frequency greater than or equal to 1.0 [monthly to few times per year].
  3. Mean CIP greater than or equal to 5.0 [very serious] and frequency greater than 0.0 [done during the year].
The core tasks are presented in Appendix C, grouped alphabetically by topic and without regard to criticality.

 


 
Chapter Three
Administration of Surveys

One of the keys to a job task analysis survey is the quality control involved in the administration of the survey. The main issues to consider are the sample selection, delivery of surveys, data entry or scanning of the information, and response rates.

Sample

The selected population included all officers who were initially appointed as peace officers between the dates of May 1994 and December 1994. These officers had between 20 months and 28 months of service at the time of the survey. The rationale was used that officers were performing the essential duties of an entry-level officer. The project team identified these officers from the Commission's database. Since the whole population was surveyed, no unintended sampling bias is created against a region, department type, or other group membership. The project team asked entry-level officers to describe their jobs through the instrument found in Appendix A.

Delivery of Surveys

The delivery of 2,830 surveys to officers in 743 departments was accomplished by mailing them directly to the chief administrator of each agency. The chief administrator was asked to distribute the instrument. Each instrument was labeled with the officer’s name and department. The Commission received excellent cooperation from the administrators and officers involved.

Scanning of the Instruments

As the Commission received the completed instruments, the scanning software verified the data. After verification and resolution of any problems, the scanning software allowed the team to directly export the data for use by a statistical program. This process allowed the team to maintain very high quality control over the data.

Response

The Commission received 1,840 instruments from the 2,830 peace officers in its sample for a response rate of 65 percent. Responses were received from 486 (of 743) departments for a rate of 65 percent. The Commission awarded two hours continuing education credit for completing and returning the instrument. The respondents are similar to the target population in terms of department type, department size, ethnic background, and gender.

The project team received a number of calls that helped explain some of the non-responses. Some of those explanations are: "he no longer works here," "he works in the jail," and "he is only reported to you by us, he actually works elsewhere." These types of explanations provide support that the team did not miss useful information through non-responses.

Background data including department type, geographic area of department, gender, ethnicity, length of service, and educational level from the Commission’s database was merged. After our initial review of the data, it was determined that respondents whose primary assignment was at the county jail should not be included because corrections officers have separate training and standards. It was also determined that respondents working 20 hours a week or less should not be included because they are not considered full-time peace officers. In addition, two surveys were removed because respondents who were not in the selected sample had completed them. This left 1,448 instruments to analyze.

A second survey was sent to SMEs to rate the Consequences of Inadequate Performance of the tasks. Historically, this has involved only first-line supervisors. Some chief administrators and trainers were included in this phase to see if they had a different perspective on criticality compared to first-line supervisors. Fifty-five (55) individuals were asked to respond to this instrument, including those supervisors who helped create the instrument. The Commission received 39 surveys for a return percentage of 71. Two of those were eliminated because of errors in marking the instrument.

Chapter Four
Data Analysis

Respondents

The three most common departments represented are; municipal agencies, sheriffs, and college departments (see Table 1).

TABLE 1
 
Department type
Number of officers
Percentage
Municipal
942
65.1
Sheriff
208
14.4
College
87
6.0
State of Texas
63
4.4
Independent School District
59
4.1
Constable
52
3.6
Hospital
10
0.7
Airport
9
0.6
City Marshal
7
0.5
District Attorney
7
0.5
Water District
2
0.1
County Attorney
2
0.1
Total
1448
100
Patrol was the primary assignment for these peace officers, with approximately

77 percent working in that area (see Table 2).

 

TABLE 2
 
Primary assignment
Frequency
Percentage
Patrol
1118
77.2
Multiple or Unknown
68
4.7
Other
64
4.4
Criminal Investigation
50
3.5
Traffic Enforcement
50
3.5
Warrant Service
24
1.7
Bailiff/Court Officer
21
1.5
Community Relations
19
1.3
Civil Process
12
0.8
Dispatching
12
0.8
Narcotics Investigation
6
0.4
Identification
2
0.1
Evidence & Property Control
1
0.1
Vice Investigation
1
0.1
Total
1448
100
Demographic information from the respondents reveals the following: Eighty-two (82) percent went through a Field Training Officer (FTO) program.

Analysis of the Task Data

A primary purpose of the analysis of task data is to identify the "core tasks" for the job of entry-level peace officer. A core task may be one that is performed very frequently yet has relatively few negative consequences. A core task may also be one that is performed very infrequently, but has consequences that are very serious if inadequately performed.

The data revealed that of the 464 tasks listed in the survey booklet, 283 (or 61%) should be considered as core tasks. These core tasks need to be addressed by training, or selection, or both. The remaining 181 tasks were reviewed to verify that there are no other extenuating circumstances requiring they be kept.

Analysis of the Non-Task Data

In addition to the task data and the background data discussed earlier, there were three other types of data collected. They were reference materials, equipment data, and physical exertion data.

Reference Materials

The reference materials were treated essentially in the same manner as the task statements. They were rated on the same frequency scale. The SMEs also rated the references based on the consequences of inadequate performance. The references are reported with the core task data in Appendix C. There were nine references included with seven of them receiving a rating to include in the job core.

It is important to note that six of these seven are legal texts. These books contain vast amounts of legal terms and complex concepts written at a relatively high reading level. This gives support to the need for officers to have adequate reading skills. The Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure received among the highest ratings for both frequency and consequences of inadequate performance.

Equipment Data

The respondents indicated if they ever use the equipment. If 50 percent or more of the respondents indicated that they use the equipment, it was considered to be frequently used (this cut-off point has been used by other states - see Michigan 1996). Of the 203 pieces of equipment listed on the instrument, 59 (or 29%) were identified as frequently used. A list of the most frequently used equipment is provided in Appendix E. The remaining equipment is provided in Appendix F.

Physical Exertion Data

Previous Texas peace officer job analysis projects have not attempted to gather data regarding physical exertion. The data from this project, however, is reported in Appendix H. The Commission will conduct analyses in a collateral project which may produce guidelines for physical fitness and possible physical agility standards.

Chapter Five
Summary and Conclusions

This project consisted of a comprehensive process of job task analysis development and implementation involving entry level Texas Peace Officers. The project built on the work of previous studies in law enforcement. Specifically, task analyses completed in nine states were reviewed. The project staff methodically built an instrument using input from subject matter experts in five geographically diverse technical conferences.

The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The data revealed that of the 464 tasks listed in the survey booklet, 281 (or 61%) should be considered as core tasks.

An analysis of the reference materials found that seven should be considered as core references. It is important to note that six of these seven are legal texts. These books contain vast amounts of legal terms and complex concepts written at a relatively high reading level. The high reading level supports the need for officers to have adequate reading skills.

Analysis of the equipment data found that of the 203 pieces of equipment listed on the instrument, 59 (or 29%) were identified as frequently used. This equipment should be considered as core equipment for training purposes.

Physical exertion data was collected for the first time in a Texas survey. It will be the source of a future report.

The wealth of data collected may provide additional validity for existing standards. The information, once fully analyzed, will provide the Commission and law enforcement with direction for future program development.

The next step in the process is to conduct a thorough review and comparison to determine if current training standards are congruent with the job task analysis. In addition, the data will be reviewed and compared to existing licensing standards to decide if changes are necessary. This will require identification of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics necessary to perform a task. Many tasks may require both training and selection standards be considered. In addition, the basic peace officer training course and departmental field-training programs may need to be changed.

An example of the complexity of these approaches can be illustrated by looking at one of the newly identified core tasks, "communicate with someone in Spanish." The following questions must be answered. What knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics are needed to perform this task? What specific words and phrases must an officer be able to comprehend, speak, or write? At what level of proficiency? Should this be taught in the basic training academy? Field Training? Selected for? Tested for?

Future Activities

It is anticipated that future activities will address the following:

 
References
 Arizona Law Enforcement Officer Advisory Council. (January 1990). Basic training curriculum validation project. Phoenix, AZ: Author.

Graham-Moore, B., Campbell, C., Lynch, E., Messer, I., Olbrich, J., & Tune, J. (1997) Task inventory development manual. Austin: Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education.

 Oklahoma Council for Law Enforcement Education and Training. (April 1987). Job task analysis for entry level peace officers. Oklahoma City, OK: Author. Florida Department of Law Enforcement. (June1992). Job task analysis reevaluation for basic corrections officers and basic law enforcement officers. Tallahassee, FL:

Author.

 Michigan Law Enforcement Officers Training Council. (September 1979) A Job Analysis of Police Physical Skill Requirements. Lansing, MI: Author. Maine Department of Public Safety. (June1982). Job and task analysis of Maine law enforcement officers. Waterville, MA: Author. North Carolina Department of Justice and the Criminal Justice Standards Division. (April 1994). A task analysis of local law enforcement in the state of North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: Author. Oregon Board on Public Safety Standards and Training. (June 1995). A task analysis

project for entry-level law enforcement in Oregon. Monmouth, OR: Author.

 

Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education. (July 1982).

Basic peace officer training validation. Austin: Author.

Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (June 1992).

Job task analysis for law enforcement officers validation of recruit training. Olympia,

WA: Author.

 

 

 
Appendix A
 
 
Entry-Level Survey Instrument
Not included here

 

Appendix B
 
 
Supervisory Rating Booklet
 Not included here
 
 
 
 
Appendix C

 

 

Core Tasks
 
Arrest and Detain
Advise persons of Miranda rights
Apprehend suspects
Arrest persons with a warrant
Arrest persons without a warrant
Assess emotional stability of an arrested person
Check for warrants on persons through TCIC/NCIC, local/regional records
Complete arrest reports
Conduct complete search of arrested persons
Conduct frisk/pat down search
Conduct vehicle stop to effect felony arrest(s)
Conduct vehicle stop to effect misdemeanor arrest(s)
Detain person
Detain/place juvenile offenders in custody
Determine tactics for making arrests
Explain alternative courses of action to complainants/victims
Explain arrest procedures to concerned citizens
Explain nature of complaints to arrested person
Guard arrested person at facilities other than jail
Obtain arrest warrant
Provide information to victims regarding the criminal prosecution process
Release juvenile offenders to a parent/guardian
Review assigned warrants for adequate information
Take custody of mentally ill, emotionally disturbed/confused person
Take into custody a person detained/arrested by a citizen
Warn persons instead of arrest/citation
Booking
Assess medical condition of prisoners
Assess mental condition of prisoners
Book prisoners by completing booking forms
Check weapons in and out of detention facility
Classify arrested persons according to age, sex, and offense
Explain booking process to arrested person
Interview arrested persons for booking purposes
Inventory prisoner personal property
Photograph prisoners
Place holds on prisoners and notify department holding warrant
Review arrest documents before accepting prisoner
Inform dispatcher by radio/phone as to status
Operate Mobile Data Terminal (MDT)
Operate NCIC/TCIC to check on property/persons
Operate personal computer
Receive messages from pager
Request NCIC/TCIC checks on property/persons
Transmit/receive messages over police radios
Use public address system
Courts
Deliver/assist in serving search warrants
Enforce court issued order (including Protective Orders)
Execute mental health commitment orders/warrants
File sworn complaints
Maintain custody of arrested persons in court
Prepare affidavits for arrest warrants
Prepare affidavits for search warrants
Review reports/notes for court testimony
Testify/present evidence at legal proceedings
Transport arrested person to court
Controlling Civil Disorder
Confront demonstrators/rioters/crowds
Confront, in riot formation, groups of agitated people
Contain crowd
Control hostile groups
Disperse crowds with chemical agents
Disperse crowds with riot equipment
Observe/locate crowd agitators
Operate vehicles in formation to control crowds
Patrol riot stricken/civil disturbance areas
Remove agitator
Emergency Medical
Administer CPR
Apply first aid to control bleeding
Apply first aid to treat for broken bones
Apply first aid to treat for convulsions
Apply first aid to treat for diabetic shock
Apply first aid to treat for electric shock
Apply first aid to treat for eye injuries
Apply first aid to treat for gunshot wounds
Apply first aid to treat for heart attack
Apply first aid to treat for heat prostration
Apply first aid to treat for heat stroke
Apply first aid to treat for loss of extremities
Apply first aid to treat for overdose
Apply first aid to treat for poisoning
Apply first aid to treat for puncture wound
Apply first aid to treat for seizure
Apply first aid to treat for shock
Apply first aid to treat for stab wounds
Assess need for emergency assistance
Assist with child birth
Contact EMS
Contact Fire Department
Determine hazards from pipeline placard
Evacuate persons from disaster area
Pull person from threatened vehicle/area
Use of Force
Break up fight
Carry firearm off duty
Clean weapons
Clear malfunction of firearms
Detain person at gunpoint
Disarm suspects
Discharge firearm at person
Discharge firearm during daylight
Discharge firearm in dark environment while using flashlight
Discharge firearm in low light conditions
Double-lock offender restraints
Draw weapon to protect self/third party
Force open door
Handcuff suspect resisting arrest
Handcuff suspects/arrested persons
Issue verbal warning before using deadly force
Place resisting offender in vehicle
Pull resisting offender form vehicle to make arrest
Pursue offender on foot
Qualify/practice with weapons
Subdue resisting offender alone
Subdue resisting offender with assistance
Take control of publicly intoxicated/disruptive person
Use body language to project control/influence
Use chemical agents to control persons
Use impact weapons to control persons
Use voice commands to project control/direct actions
Interpersonal Communications
Adjust communication to ensure understanding
Adjust to cultural differences
Comfort emotionally upset persons
Communicate with families of juvenile offenders
Communicate with families of suspects
Communicate with families of victims
Communicate with hostage taker
Communicate with persons in English
Communicate with persons in Spanish
Communicate with persons through interpreter
Communicate with persons with mental illness
Communicate with persons with mental retardation
Communicate with the elderly
Counsel juveniles/children
Intercede in domestic disputes to maintain peace
Maintain emotional control
Mediate civil disputes
Mediate family disputes
Notify citizens of damage to their property
Notify citizens of family emergencies
Observe a persons body language to assess attitude, intention
Participate in meetings with other officers
Restore peace at loud parties
Investigations
Advise crime victims of their rights under victim compensation act 
Analyze/compare incidents for similarity of modus operandi
Answer inquiries regarding progress of a case
Assess injuries of persons
Pre Inv Drugs(Texas Health and Safety Code)
Pre Inv Inchoate Offenses(Penal Code (PC) Chapter 15 and 16)
Pre Inv Offenses Against Property(PC Chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
Pre Inv Offenses Against Public Administration(PC Chapters 36, 37, 38, 39)
Pre Inv Offenses Against Public Health, Safety, and Morals (PC Chapters 46, 47, 48, 49)
Pre Inv Offenses Against Public Order(PC Chapters 42, 43)
Pre Inv Offenses Against The Family(Chapter 25)
Pre Inv Offenses Against The Person PC Chapters 19, 20, 21, 22)
Follow inv Offenses Against Property(PC Chapters28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
Follow inv Offenses Against Public Order(PC Chapters 42, 43)
Follow inv Offenses Against The Family(PC Chapter 25)
Follow inv Offenses Against The Person(PC Chapters 19, 20, 21, 22)
Conduct surveillance of persons/locations
Conduct suspect identifications at the scene 
Determine whether incidents are criminal/civil
Determine whether recovered property is linked with previous crime
Estimate value of stolen/recovered property
Exchange information with other law enforcement agencies
Interrogate suspects
Interview complainants/witnesses
Locate witnesses to a crime
Observe suspect/interviewee to detect deception
Obtain information from an informant
Participate in investigations with other law enforcement agencies
Review department records to assist in investigation 
Take confessions
Take juveniles statement
Take statements
Verify identity of deceased persons 
Write investigative report
Write narrative to complete report
Patrol
Check for outstanding warrants
Describe persons to other officers
Direct actions of officers arriving to assist
Escort arrested persons on foot
Escort person/material on foot
Escort person/material with patrol vehicle
Establish/mark perimeter
Find remote locations
Inspect patrol vehicle for weapons and contraband
Inspect patrol vehicles/watercraft for function/safety
Intervene to prevent/stop another officer from making an error
Intervene with another officer to prevent/stop misconduct
Investigate request to tow away vehicles/watercraft
Maintain secure perimeter
Monitor police communications
Notify persons/businesses/agencies of property damage
Operate patrol vehicle in emergency response situation
Operate patrol vehicle in pursuit situation
Operate patrol vehicle under adverse weather conditions
Prioritize response calls into emergency/non-emergency calls
Report hazardous conditions
Report misconduct of another officer
Report shift activities to supervisor/incoming officer
Request repair/maintenance of official vehicle/watercraft
Respond to alarms
Respond to rescue calls
Review BOLO (Be On the Look Out) or ATL (Attempt To Locate)
Secure crime scene
Transport arrested persons in patrol vehicle
Transport persons needing assistance
Planning
Determine work priorities
Draft organizational policies standard operating procedures (SOP)
Preventive Patrol
Advise business people about security
Advise property owners of potentially hazardous conditions
Advise residents about ways to make their homes more secure
Assist motorist in distress
Communicate with citizens to establish rapport
Conduct community relations programs
Encourage citizens to solve neighborhood problems
Gather information about crime trends for neighborhood
Gather information about persons in neighborhood
Offer creative alternatives to resolve conflict
Project professional image
Refer complaints against police to supervisor
Suggest community resources to resolve problem
Suggest professional assistance for victims
References
Agency Policy & Procedure Manual
Code of Criminal Procedure
Family Code
Municipal Code Book
Penal Code
Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code
Transportation Code
Search
Collect evidence/property
Conduct search for missing person
Coordinate building search related to bomb threats
Determine method for conducting search
Determine need for special processing of evidence
Determine perimeter/scope of search
Determine types of evidence to search for at crime scene
Dust/lift latent prints
Obtain consent to search
Obtain search warrant
Photograph/video evidence/crime scene
Photograph/video persons
Preserve/transport/document evidence for chain of custody
Protect latent evidence
Record location of physical evidence/fingerprints at scene
Record stolen/abandoned property
Search crime scene for evidence
Search for evidence
Search for suspects
Search victims bodies for personal property/evidence
Seize stolen/abandoned property
Separate evidence from personal property at crime scene
Training
Assign Field Training Officers (FTO)
Conduct Field Training
Counsel trainees on training progress
Determine FTO requirements
Develop FTO programs
Evaluate FTO trainees
Evaluate training methods, techniques/programs
Maintain training records, charts/graphs
 Traffic
Administer field sobriety test
Approach vehicle to talk to operator/passengers
Arrest DWI suspects
Assess driver ability to operate vehicle/watercraft
Check drivers license for validity
Check proof of insurance for validity
Collect facts of accident to determine charges
Conduct traffic stop
Conduct videotape interview for DWI
Determine causes/factors contributing to accident
Diagram accident scene
Direct offender/suspect vehicle out of moving traffic to execute stop
Direct traffic during emergencies/special events
Establish ownership of property/vehicles involved in accident
Establish point(s) of impact for traffic accident
Establish point(s) of occurrence for traffic accident
Estimate speed of moving vehicles with radar
Estimate speed of moving vehicles without radar
Examine abandoned vehicles
Fill out DWI arrest report
Fill out forms to obtain breath/blood sample from DWI suspect
Inform vehicle owners/operators of legal obligation
Inspect vehicle/watercraft for conformance with safety requirements
Issue citation/warning
Issue verbal warning in lieu of arrest/citation
Observe occupants of stopped vehicles to identify unusual/suspicious activities
Observe traffic violations
Perform direct traffic enforcement
Photograph/video persons for DWI purposes
Read vehicle placard for hazardous materials
Record motor vehicle/property damage occurring in accident
Report hazardous traffic conditions
Review traffic citations for completeness
 
Appendix D
 
 
Non-Core Tasks
 
Arrest and Detain
Explain to onlookers the reason for taking arrest action
Booking
Answer inquiries concerning prisoners
Assist prisoners to contact attorney
Assist prisoners to contact bondsman
Assist prisoners to contact family
Compare fingerprints to verify identity of prisoner
Compare photographs to verify identity of prisoner
Complete documents for transfer of prisoner to another jail
Conduct strip search
Confer with medical personnel regarding prisoner medical condition
Confer with mental health personnel regarding prisoner mental condition
Escort prisoners for medical appointments/treatment
Fingerprint prisoners
Inspect identification of visitors
Process prisoners for release
Return prisoners property
Talk to family of prisoners
Verify identity of prisoner leaving facility
Verify legal status of a prisoner case with court/prosecutor
Communications
Conduct telephone interviews
Notify supervisor of media contact
Operate base station
Operate Citizens Band (CB) radio
Operate Global Positioning Systems (GPS) equipment to establish location
Operate laptop computer in the field
Operate radio tracking device (RTD)
Courts
Act as court bailiff
Act as department court officer
Appear at legal proceedings without testifying
Attach property under court order
Attend bail bond hearings
Attend pretrial conference with prosecutor
Deliver arrested persons to courtroom
Collect court ordered fines and/or fees
Deliver eviction notices
Deliver probate orders
Deliver subpoenas
Distribute subpoenas to officers
Execute delinquent property tax liens by physically taking possession of property
Execute writs as required
Explain civil process to citizens
Maintain courtroom security
Direct
Direct crime prevention resource protection programs
Direct inspection activities
Direct quality control programs
Direct security programs
Implement cost reduction programs
Implement safety security programs procedures
Implement suggestion programs
Review administrative correspondence reports
Supervise civilian personnel
Write correspondence
Video civil disorder
Emergency Medical
Administer oxygen
Advise homeless/transients/elderly of adverse weather conditions
Apply first aid to treat for abrasions
Apply first aid to treat for animal bites
Apply first aid to treat for burns
Apply first aid to treat for chemical burns
Apply first aid to treat for frostbite
Apply first aid to treat for lacerations
Apply first aid to treat for sprains and strains
Apply first aid to treat for stroke
Jump start vehicle for persons
Spot storms
Unlock vehicle for persons
Evaluation
Analyze inspection reports
Analyze workload requirements
Evaluate compliance with work standards
Evaluate contingency plans
Evaluate job descriptions
Evaluate maintenance/use of workspace, equipment/supplies
Evaluate personnel for promotion, demotion/transfer
Evaluate quality control programs
Evaluate safety/security programs
Evaluate suggestions
Evaluate traffic control change proposals
Evaluate training aids
Evaluate work schedules
Inspect physical security safeguards, such as fences/sensors
Select personnel for specialized training
Write inspection reports
Write staff studies, surveys/special reports
Use of Force
Destroy dangerous/injured animals
Dispose of destroyed animals
Fire signal shots for search/rescue
Swing battering ram to force open door
Use electrical weapons to control persons
Interpersonal Communications
Communicate with persons in Chinese
Communicate with persons in Korean
Communicate with persons in American Sign Language
Communicate with persons in Vietnamese
Communicate with persons with hearing impairment
Communicate with persons with visual impairments
Conduct parent-juvenile conference
Investigations
Conduct background investigations of applicants for licenses/permits
Pre Inv Organized Crime (PC Chapter 71)
Pre Inv Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code
Follow inv Drugs(Texas Health and Safety Code)
Follow inv Inchoate Offenses(Penal Code (PC) Chapter 15 and 16)
Follow inv Offenses Against Public Administration (PC Chapters 36, 37, 38, 39)
Follow inv Offenses Against Public Health, Safety, and Morals (PC Chapters 46, 47, 48, 49)
Follow inv Organized Crime(PC Chapter 71)
Follow inv Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code
Organize/conduct photo line-ups
Organize/conduct station-house line-ups
Provide information for death certificates
Recommend a liquor license revocation
Review circumstances relating to a death with appropriate examiner 
Review crime lab reports to guide investigation
Trace stolen goods
Patrol
Control weapon of person with concealed handgun license
Extinguish fires
Grant professional courtesy to fellow officer
Participate in citizen Ride-Along Programs
Recommend a concealed handgun license revocation
Request specialized police units
Respond to animal calls
Restock expendable emergency supplies in patrol vehicle
Return weapon to licensed person
Planning
Advise staff personnel on training matters
Assign personnel to duty positions
Conduct staff briefings
Coordinate with other police agencies
Develop inspection programs
Develop security programs
Develop improve work methods procedures
Develop organizational functional placement charts
Develop quality control standardization programs
Draft budget financial requirements
Draft submit traffic control change proposals
Establish performance standards
Establish maintain publication libraries
Plan safety programs
Plan schedule work assignments
Schedule leaves
Write job descriptions
Preventive Patrol
Assist elderly/disabled person with mobility problem
Coordinate community resources to solve problems
Discuss law enforcement with elected official
Discuss law enforcement with teachers/school officials
Distribute printed material for public relations
Encourage other service for community action
Give talks on law enforcement to community organizations
Identify causes of crime for community action
Mark valuables for citizens
Provide information to news media
Recruit confidential informants
Refer news media to the agency designated officer
Suggest professional assistance for arrested person
References
Hazardous Material Book
Parks and Wildlife Code
Search
Cast impressions
Diagram crime scenes
Release confiscated property
Track animals
Use trained dog
Use trained dog to track persons
Training
Administer tests
Analyze test results
Conduct newly assigned personnel orientations
Conduct special personalized training
Conduct training conferences
Establish/maintain study reference files
Procure training aids, facilities/equipment
Review training records, reports/related data
Score tests
Write job qualification standards
Write test questions
Write training reports
Traffic
Conduct roadblocks
Enforce parking laws
Estimate vehicle speed using physical evidence/formulas/template
Give directions to destination
Maintain checkpoint
Operate Intoxilyzer to determine blood alcohol concentration
Operate traffic signal manually
Recommend drivers license revocation
Remove debris from accident scene
Request readministration of driver test
Request removal of abandoned vehicles
Review accident report with other accident investigator
Set up barricades
 

 

 

Appendix E
 
 
Most Frequently Used Equipment

 
 
Handcuff key Constitutional rights warning card
Handcuffs Weapon cleaning equipment
Flash light Family violence reports
Radio, handheld (walkie-talkie) Vehicle warning lights
Gunbelt Evidence bags
Holster Expandable baton
Automobile Phone directory
radio, car Juvenile report forms
Clipboard Pager
Citation book Fire extinguisher
Arrest report forms Property/evidence forms
Accident report form Brief case
Latex gloves NCIC/TCIC computer terminal
Ammunition Shotgun
Incident report form Knife
Offense report form Road flares
Lights and siren Dictionary
City map Computer system (centralized)
Rain gear Rubber gloves
Traffic citation Cellular phone
Semiautomatic pistol Photocopier
Semiautomatic pistol magazine Radio, base station
Alley light Barrier tape
Writing instruments FAX machine
Telephone Traffic control vest
Street map
Spotlight
DWI report forms
First aid kit
Traffic template
Binoculars
Radar speed measuring device
Gasoline pump
Victim assistance information
 

 
Appendix F
 
 
Less Frequently Used Equipment

 
 
Field interview card Mace
Evidence processing kit (fingerprint, moulage) Evidence sealing equipment
Flexi-cuffs Word Processor
Typewriter Mobile data terminal (MDT)
Public address system Radio frequency scanner
Calculator Video camera
County maps Hobbles/shackles
Tire jack Leg irons
Whistle and chain Intoxilyzer
Drug/narcotic field ID kit Mug shot camera
Spell checker Shredder
Battery jumper cables Revolver
Backup weapon Breathalyzer
Still camera Straight baton
Flare gun and glares Teletype
Oleoresin-capsicum spray Revolver speed loader
Personal computer Shotgun ammo side saddle
Tape measure Ambulance
CPR protection mask In-vehicle video camera
Lug wrench Pylons
Business directory Print roller
Severe weather clothing Riot baton
English/Spanish dictionary Marking chalk
Tape recorder Bicycle
Shotgun rack Riot helmet
Illuminated traffic baton Rifle
Blood borne pathogen protection Portable computer
Car door lock opening device Suspect ID camera
Closed circuit TV Ladder
Manual traffic control device TDD telephone
Belly chains Laser speed-measuring device
Alarm monitor Compass
Automated fingerprint identification system Chain
Rifle magazine Inspection mirror
Rope Laminating machine
Dog Decibel meter
Pickup truck Self-contained breathing apparatus
Side handle baton Megaphone
Helicopter Lock pick
Personal decontamination equipment Tire deflation device
Metal detector Animal traps
Paddy wagon Drafting compass
Freeway jack All terrain vehicle (4WD)
Riot shield Telephoto lens
Strolometer (measure distance) Resuscitator
Traffic accident flex curve Jaws of Life
Gas mask Dictating machine
Weapon training simulator Nomograph
Night vision equipment Truck (1 ton or larger)
Body wire Boat
Call box High pressure water delivery device
Pry bar Telescopic gun sight
Animal catch pole Throw rope
Battering ram Horse
Hammer Axe
Stretcher Tow strap
Gas grenade Life ring
Personal flotation device Drag sled
Shotgun speed loader Three-wheeled vehicle
Plaster of Paris Winch
Motorcycle Geiger counter
Bus Taser
Saw Stun gun
Microfiche/microfilm equipment Automatic traffic volume counter
Radio, marine Personal watercraft (jetski)
Thermal imagers Motor scooter
Gas grenade launcher Tranquilizer gun
Intoximeter GPS locator
Stun grenade Airplane
Chain saw Rope ladder
Cash register Periscope
Gas fogger cannon Cattle prod
 

 
Appendix G
 
Respondent’s Suggestions for New Items
 
Write-in Task Statements
 
Verb Direct Object Modifier
  1. Adapt
 to the unexpected  
  • Apply
    		•  soft hands/hard hands techniques  
  • Buy
    		•  narcotics using informants
  • Classify
    		•  gangs and gang relation  
  • Communicate
    		•  with supervisors on direction and status of criminal cases
  • Compile
    		•  street light list  
  • Compile
    		•  barricade reports  
  • Conduct
    		•  undercover operations  
  • Conduct
    		•  vacation watches  
  • Conduct
    		•  station tours  
  • Control
    		•  inventory  
  • Coordinate
    		•  firing range  
  • Deal with
    		•  suicide attempts  
  • Direct
    		•  probationers  
  • Dock
    		•  Motor Vessels  
  • Enter and delete
    		•  information into NCIC/TCIC
  • Evaluate and handle
    		•  illegal immigrants  
  • Figure
    		•  cost of extradition trips and who to bill cost to
  • Guard
    		•  school crossings  
  • Instruct
    		•  in firearms  
  • Instruct
    		•  trainees in the Spanish language.
  • Interpret
    		•  statutes  
  • Interview
    		•  police applicants  
  • Inventory
    		•  county-owned equipment  
  • Investigate
    		•  administrative violations within the system
  • Investigate and determine
    		•  the cause and origin of fires
  • Locate
    		•  surety and cash escrow bonds  
  • Locate
    		•  estray animal's owner  
  • Maintain
    		•  department equipment  
  • Monitor
    		•  department policies  
  • Monitor
    		•  hallways  
  • Notify
    		•  a wanted subject by mail or phone call
  • Oversee
    		•  hospital transportation department  
  • Participate in
    		•  fire drills  
       

     

     
    Write-in Task Statements (continued)
          
  • Patrol
    		•  campus for visibility
  • Patrol
    		•  on bicycle  
  • Perform
    		•  tactical entries  
  • Perform
    		•  animal control  
  • Post
    		•  civil papers on computer
  • Practice
    		•  officer safety  
  • Provide
    		•  crowd control presence at sporting events or any large public gatherings
  • Provide
    		•  back up  
  • Receive
    		•  money collected at the Bond Desk
  • Research and review
    		•  legislation affecting law enforcement and corrections
  • Respond to
    		•  open records requests  
  • Review
    		•  legal claims to evaluate claim or law suit
  • Review
    		•  applicant paperwork  
  • Secure
    		•  all buildings on campus by walking through them
  • Secure
    		•  doors, windows  
  • Set
    		•  alarms when needed
  • Supervise
    		•  reserve officers  
  • Supervise
    		•  court-ordered community service for adults, juveniles
  • Supervise
    		•  shift  
  • Test
    		•  for drugs in field
  • Track
    		•  a wanted subject using utility or other contacts
  • Train
    		•  others in special weapons
  • Train
    		•  others in tactics
  • Write
    		•  newsletter  
  • Write and enforce
    		•  city ordinances  
       
     
    Write-in Equipment
     
    þ Accident ruler/template Load bearing equipment vest
    Armored personnel carrier (vehicle) Lumbar support pad
    Balistic helment (sic) þ Mobile Phone
    Ballistic Shield Multi-Tool
    þ Barrier Tape Note pad
    Body Armor O.P.N. (Orcutt Police Nunchakes (sic)
    Bold cutters (sic) Paper bags
    þ Camera Paper towels
    Clothing þ Photo machine/zerox copier (sic)
    Hair ties Portable Breath Test
    Long johns Push Bumpers
    Long sleeved shirts under uniform Raid Gear & Helmet
    Magnum Boots Rappeling Gear (sic)
    Flame-retardant (nomex) clothing: Glaves (sic), Hood Report writing manual
    Motor Boots(sic?) Screwdriver
    sunglasses þ Siren
    winter gloves Spray Paint
    Computer Disks Stapler
    Correction fluid þ Take down lights
    Emergency Equipment Tape
    Alcohol þ Ticket clipboard
    Alcohol pads/baby wipes Time clocks-Check into Courts
    Cut Resistant Gloves Tool Box & Tools
    Fire/bunker gear þ Traffic Cones
    Germ killing/deodorizer stray (sic) Umbrella
    Ice Packs Vehicle Inventory Forms
    Protective goggles (eye protection) Voice mail
    Entry Vest Watch
    Equipment Bags Weapon-mounted flashlight
    File Weapon-mounted laser
    þ Flars (sic) Wheel Lock
    Inter office envelopes Window tint meter
    Internet  
    Keyring/keys  
    þ Leg Restraints  
    þ -indicates item was included in equipment inventory
     
    Write-in References
    Academic books Dictionary 
    Academy Notebook  Fire Arms Materials – 

    Detention Cadet Materials

         		English & Spanish
    Accident Investigation Reference Handbooks Disaster Police/Procedure
    Accident Report Handbook Document Authenticity Materiels (sic)

    (i.e. Forged Immigration Cards, etc.)
    Address/phone Cross Reference DPS Breath Alcohol Testing Regulations
    Adverse Weather Procedures DPS Offense Charge Codes
    Airport Security Plan Drug I.D. Kit
    American Law Reports Drug I.D. Manual
    Arrest & Search without a warrant Manual Drug Reference Material
    Aviation Ordinances Drug Use Manual
    Bible – Golden Rule Education Code
    Black’s Law Dictionary Elements of a crime

    (by Council for Law Education and Research)
    Booking and Releasing Manuels(sic) 

    (for Computer Codes).

    		 Elements of a Crime/Criminal Evidence
    Case law Emergency Mangement(sic) plans
    Case Law Texas & U.S. EPA Manuals & Directives
    Civil Practice & Remedies Code Equipment Manuals
    Code of Civil Procedure FAA (FAR) 107 and 108
    Code of Civil/Criminal Evidence Family Violence
    Code of Ethics FBI Sourcebook
    Community Assistance Agency Information 

    (local & state)

    		 Federal Reporter
    Concealed Handgun Laws Federal Supplement
    Conputers cruves, (sic) Fire Code
    Constable’s Guide to Civil Process. Gang lists
    Constitution Government Code Material
    County Attorney’s Office Guide To Civil Process
    County warrants þ Health & Safety Code
    Course Material Higher Education Code
    CR43 & CR43J reference book Indictment Manual
    Department S.O.P. Inventory Status Reports
    Departmental memo’s Jail Procedures
    Informational letters Jail Standards
    Roll Call Info. Bulletins Juvenile Arrest & Siesure (sic) Procedures
    Fellow Officers Juvenile Law
    Information from prior shift L.L.E.A.R.
    Recent Criminal Activity Log Labor Code
    Department warrants Legal Updates
    Departmental Directory Life Safety Code
    Write-in References (continued)
     
    Livestock Code Texas Missing Person Laws 
    Local Agency Fine Books Texas Narcotic Laws Handbook
    Local Govt. Code Texas Peace Officer’s Manual
    Local telephone listing Texas Peace Officers Accident Reporting handbook
    Local Union Contract Texas Rule Book Or Material
    Manuals For Training and Certification

    (e.g. DWI Detection, D.R.E.)

    		 Texas Water Safety Act
    Maps (local, key) The Tactical Edge 

    "Surviving High – Risk Patrol by Charles Remsberg
    MDT instructions Thesaurus
    Motor Vehicle Handbook TNRCC Manuals & Directives
    þ Municipal Codes & City ordinances Trade magazines & periodicles (sic)
    Narcotics Reference Materials,  Law & Order Magazins (sic) 
    NCIC/TCIC Manual Law Enforcement Bullentin (sic)
    NFPA 921 Law for Law Enforcement Officers
    Officer Survival Book Texas Police Association Manuel (sic)
    Open Records Act Texas Police Journal – TPA Journels (sic)
    Physicians Desk Reference Traffic Accident Investigation handbook
    Pin Point Book Traffic Accident Manual
    Police Academy reference material þ Traffic Code
    Police Legal Digest Articles Training guides
    Protocols for "Standard of Care" for 

    EMS procedures

    		 U.C.R. Handbook
    Report Writing Manuel (sic) U.S. Code Annotated
    School Code U.S. Identification Manual
    Southwest Reporter (Texas Cases), U.S. Supreme Court Reporter
    Spanish for Police Uniform Fire Code
    Spelling Checker United Way Blue Books for referrals
    Student code of conduct booklet Vehicle Damage Rating booklet
    Supreme Court Rulings Vernon’s Annotated Statutes
    Survival Spanish For Emergency Responders.  
    T.C.L.O.S.E.(sic) Rules & Reg.  
    TCIC/NCIC Manuals  
    Telephone Book – 2  
    Texas Administrative Code  
    Texas Attorney General Opinion’s  
    Texas Jurisprudence 3rd  
    þ -indicates item was included in reference inventory
     
    Appendix H
     
     
    Physical Exertion Data

     

    Run after a fleeing suspect. (Maximum distance in yards)
     
    Yards Frequency Percentage
    more than 880 87 6.0
    441 to 880 121 8.4
    100 to 440 503 34.7
    Less than 100 603 41.6
    0 134 9.3
    Push object other than car by hand. (Maximum estimate of weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 150 174 12.0
    101 to 150 144 9.9
    51 to 100 198 13.7
    less than 50 335 23.1
    0 597 41.2
    Pull/drag person. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than 50 53 3.7
    31 to 50 81 5.6
    10 to 30 259 17.9
    less than 10 516 35.6
    0 539 37.2
    Pull/drag person. (Maximum weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 200 94 6.5
    151 to 200 463 32.0
    100 to 150 228 15.7
    less than 100 117 8.1
    0 546 37.7
     

    Pull a resisting person through a doorway or other such opening.

    (Maximum weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 200 158 10.9
    151 to 200 622 43.0
    100 to 150 203 14.0
    less than 100 112 7.7
    0 353 24.4
    Pull a resisting person through a doorway or other such opening. (Maximum height)
     
    Height Frequency Percentage
    6 ft. 1 in. or more 176 12.2
    5 ft. 9 in. to 6 ft. 553 38.2
    5 ft. 4 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. 247 17.1
    less than 5 ft. 4 in. 97 6.7
    0 375 25.9
    Lift and carry a person. (Maximum weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 200 63 4.4
    151 to 200 320 22.1
    100 to 150 239 16.5
    less than 100 188 13.0
    0 638 44.1
    Lift and carry a person. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than 51 55 3.8
    31 to 50 100 6.9
    10 to 30 312 21.5
    less than 10 319 22.0
    0 662 45.7
     

    Lift and carry object. (Maximum estimate of weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 150 72 5.0
    101 to 150 161 11.1
    51 to 100 417 28.8
    less than 50 489 33.8
    0 309 21.3
    Lift and carry object. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than 50 121 8.4
    31 to 50 182 12.6
    10 to 30 475 32.8
    less than 10 347 24.0
    0 323 22.3
    Hold a person by oneself to prevent or control movements. ( Maximum time in minutes)
     
    Minutes Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 125 8.6
    4 to 6 175 12.1
    2 to 4 442 30.5
    less than 2 532 36.7
    0 174 12.0
    Run upstairs. (Maximum distance in floors)
     
    Floors Frequency Percentage
    more than six 104 7.2
    four to six 101 7.0
    one to three 589 40.7
    less than one 389 26.9
    0 265 18.3
    Hold a person by oneself to prevent or control movements. (Maximum weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 200 168 11.6
    151 to 200 764 52.8
    100 to 150 266 18.4
    less than 100 61 4.2
    0 189 13.1
    Hold a person by oneself to prevent or control movements. (Maximum height)
     
    Height Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 ft. 185 12.8
    5 ft. 9 in. to 6 ft. 688 47.5
    5 ft. 4 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. 325 22.4
    less than 5 ft. 4 in. 51 3.5
    0 199 13.7
    Physically struggle with person without help. ( Maximum time in minutes)
     
    Minutes Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 62 4.3
    4 to 6 134 9.3
    2 to 4 326 22.5
    less than 2 628 43.4
    0 298 20.6
    Physically struggle with person without help. (Maximum weight in pounds)
     
    Pounds Frequency Percentage
    more than 200 149 10.3
    151 to 200 701 48.4
    100 to 150 237 16.4
    less than 100 58 4.0
    0 303 20.9
    Physically struggle with person without help. (Maximum height)
     
    Height Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 ft. 156 10.8
    5 ft. 9 in. to 6 ft. 600 41.4
    5 ft. 4 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. 331 22.9
    less than 5 ft. 4 in. 58 4.0
    0 303 20.9
    Walk continuously during work shift. ( Maximum time in hours)
     
    Hours Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 124 8.6
    four to six 134 9.3
    two to four 255 17.6
    less than 2 812 56.1
    0 123 8.5
    Balance oneself on narrow elevated surface. ( Maximum height of surface)
     
    Height Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 84 5.8
    four to six 100 6.9
    two to four 158 10.9
    less than 2 466 32.2
    0 640 44.2
    Stand continuously during work shift. ( Maximum time in hours)
     
    Hours Frequency Percentage
    more than 6 134 9.3
    four to six 169 11.7
    two to four 326 22.5
    less than 2 643 44.4
    0 176 12.2
    Jump across obstacles. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than six 53 3.7
    four to six 187 12.9
    two to four 566 39.1
    less than two 396 27.3
    0 246 17.0
    Jump down from elevated surface. (Maximum height in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than six 112 7.7
    four to six 328 22.7
    two to four 419 28.9
    less than two 309 21.3
    0 280 19.3
    Jump over obstacles. (Maximum height in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than three 365 25.2
    two to three 296 20.4
    one to two 304 21.0
    less than one 207 14.3
    0 276 19.1
    Climb or pull oneself over obstacle, barrier, etc. (Maximum height in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than six 256 17.7
    four to six 485 33.5
    two to four 216 14.9
    less than two 206 14.2
    0 285 19.7
    Push vehicle by hand. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than 50 162 11.2
    31 to 50 206 14.2
    10 to 30 470 32.5
    less than 10 363 25.1
    0 247 17.1
    Push vehicle by hand. (Maximum weight in tons)
     
    Tons Frequency Percentage
    four 6 .4
    three 87 6.0
    two 438 30.2
    one 604 41.7
    0 313 21.6
    Push object other than car by hand. (Maximum distance in feet)
     
    Feet Frequency Percentage
    more than 50 78 5.4
    31 to 50 59 4.1
    10 to 30 244 16.9
    less than 10 488 33.7
    0 579 40.0
      1