1200 Paris became a major capital
 engagement rings became fashionable
Cambridge University founded
Islam began replacing Indian religions
Alcohol used for medical purposes
cymbals introduced as musical instrument
1202 Fourth Crusade began
first court jesters appeared at European courts
1204 Crusaders take Constantinople
Emperor Michael set up Greek kingdom of Epirus
founding of Amsterdam
Leonardo Pisano used 0 (zero) for first time
in Europe
1207 Liverpool was founded
1208 King John invaded Scotland, was excommunicated
Otto IV crowned Emperor in Rome
1211 Genghis Khan invaded China
1212 Children's Crusade
tile replaced thatch & wooden roofs in London
1214 Genghis Khan captured Peking
1215 King John signed the Magna Carta
1217 Fifth Crusade began by attacking Egypt
1218 Genghis Khan conquered Persia
construction began on Newgate Prison, London
1219 Denmark introduced Europe's first national flag
1220 first giraffes shown in Europe
1221 Vienna became a city
1223 Mongols invaded Russia
1225 Magna Carta reissued in definative form
cotton manufactured in Spain
1226 Louis IX (the saint), king of France
1227 Japanese potter Toshiro started porcelain
manufacture
1228 Sixth Crusade began
Francis of Assisi cannonized
1230 leprosy imported to Europe by returning crusaders
founding of Berlin
1233 coal mined for first time, Newcastle, England
1234 Korean Buddhist texts printed with movable type
1237 Mongols conquered Russia
1240 border fixed between England & Scotland
1242 first record of a ship convoy
English monk Roger Bacon described formula for
making gunpowder
1244 Berlin mentioned for first time
1248 Genoese take Rhodes
seventh Crusade, led by Louis IX
1249 Roger Bacon recorded existance of explosives
1250 hats came into fashion
goose quill used for writing
Naval warfare dominated by galleys
1251 Kublai Khan became Govenor of China
1252 Inquisition began to use instruments of torture
Stockholm founded
1253 lines first manufactured in England
1255 Prague and Stockholm became towns
1256 Hundred Year War between Venice & Genoa
1257 Llywelyn assumed title, Prince of Wales
1263 Haakon of Norway defeated by Scots
Balliol College, Oxford founded
1266 Balban, sultan of Delhi
1267 Aztecs arrived in Valley of Mexico
1269 first toll roads in England
1271 Marco Polo traveled to China
1274 Edward I, crowned at Westminster
1275 Marco Polo in service of Kublai Khan
1278 invention of the glass mirror
1280 Eric II, Norway, crowned
Kublai Khan founded Yuan dynasty in China
1282 Florence lead Europe in commerce & finance
1283 Teutonic Order completed suppression of Prussia
1284 the Pied Piper of Hamelin is said to have appeared
sequins first made in Venice
1287 Mongol invasion of Burma
1289 block printing practiced in Ravenna
1290 Lisbon University founded
invention of spectacles
1291 end of Crusades
1292 Scottish throne to John Baliol
1294 Kublai Khan died
1297 moas, giant giraffe birds of New Zealand died out
William Wallace expelled English from Scotland
1298 Edward I, King of England, defeats Wallace,
retook Scotland
1299 treaty between Venice & the Turks
treaty between France & Germany
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Fuedal system ended with signing of Magna Carta
Crusaders fought to rid the Holy Land of infidels
a battle scene of the Crusades
Aztec Temple of the Sun
Tapestry depicting Marco Polo's Journey
King Louis IX later to become St. Louis
Kublai Khan, Governor of China
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