• 1400  development of Middle & Upper Mississippi phases
    of Moundbuilders (N.America)
     alchemy became a field for swindlers
     first mention of the dulcimer
     Hohokam culture died out in SW America
  • 1401  Timur conquered Baghdad and Damascus
  • 1402  Seville Cathedral begun
     Brussels Town Hall begun
  • 1406  Venice acquired Padua
     Florence subdued Pisa
  • 1407  Louis, Duke of Orleans, murdered by Burgundians
     start of civil war in France
  • 1408  Donatello created statues "David" and "St.John"
  • 1414  the Medici of Florence became the papacy's
     bankers
  • 1416  Dutch fishermen first to use drift nets
  • 1417  Henry V took Caen
  • 1418  Portuguese Prince Henry begins exploration
  • 1421  first patent issued in Florence
  • 1420  Torquemada, future Spanish Grand Inquisitor born
     erection of the Great Temple of the Dragon, Peking
  • 1423  Georg Purbach, Austrian mathmetician and
     astronomer born
  • 1427  Itzcoatl, King of Aztecs, enlarges Mexican empire
  • 1428  Joan of Arc led French army against England
     Giovanni Bellini born, Venetian painter
     Vietnam regained independence from China
  • 1429  Joan of Arc raised seige of Orleans
     Charles VII crowned at Rheims
     Henry VI crowned at Westminster
     Philip of Burgundy created the Order of the
     Golden Fleece
  • 1430  Joan of Arc captured by Burgundians
     modern English developed from middle English
     "Mad Marjorie", a huge cast-iron gun created
  • 1431  Joan of Arc burned at the stake at Rouen
     Henry VI crowned King of France in Paris
     Thai forces destroy Khmer, capitol of Angkor
  • 1432  Portuguese sailor, Gonzalo Cabral, discovers
     the Azores
  • 1433  Donatello finished the "David" statue
     double eagle became emblem of the Holy Roman
     emperors
  • 1434  revolt in Rome, Pope Eugene IV fled to Florence
  • 1435  Swedish parliment met for first time
  • 1436  English troops withdrew from Paris
  • 1438  Pachatutec founded Inca rule in Peru
  • 1441  Portugeuse sailors found first Negroes in west
     Africa, began slave trade again
  • 1445  Portuguese navigator Diniz Diaz, discovered
     Cape Verde
     Copenhagen became Danish capitol
  • 1448  Lancaster & York form 2 rival groups in England
  • 1449  England brook truce with France
  • 1450  Incas subdued the Indians of Chimo in northern
     Peru
     Vatican Library founded
     Florence, under the Medici, became center
     of Renaissance and humanism
     Gutenburg printed the "Constance Mass Book"
     Arabian Nights written about this time
     Mocha, in SW Arabia, became main port for coffee
     export
  • 1451  Mohammed II, Sultan of the Turks
     Christopher Columbus born
     Amerigo Vespucci born
     Glasgow University founded
  • 1452  Leonardo da Vinci born
     metal plates used for printing
  • 1453  end of Hundred Years' War between England
     and France
     Turks convert St.Sophia Basilica into a mosque,
     Constantinople
     Gutenberg printed the first bible with movable type
  • 1455  beginning of the War of the Roses
  • 1456  trial of Joan of Arc annulled
     Turks conquered Athens
     Vlad, the Impaler, became ruler of Walachia in
     Romania
  • 1457  first printed almanac is published
  • 1458  Turks sacked the Acropolis
  • 1459  renewal of civil war in England
  • 1463  Turks conquered Bosnia
     money loaned at low interest to poor people,
     Orvieto, Italy
  • 1464  peace between England & Scotland
     Louis XI established French royal mail service
  • 1465  first printed music
  • 1466  Donatello died
  • 1467  Turks conquered Hersegovina
     first ballad about the Swiss hero William Tell
  • 1468  Gutenberg died
  • 1469  Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile
     Lorenzo de Medici, ruler of Florence
     Niccolo Machiavelli born, Italian author
     Vasco da Gama born, Portugeuse navigator
     Sir Thomas Malory completed Morte D'arthur
  • 1470  first printing press set up at the Sorbonne, Paris
  • 1472  Deitrich Pining claimed to have found
     Newfoundland, Danish
  • 1473  Nicolaus Copernicus born, European astronomer
     building of the Sistine Chapel began
  • 1474  William Caxton prints first book in English
  • 1475  Francisco Pizarro born, Spanish conqueror of Peru
     Michelanglo Buonarotti born, Italian sculptor,
     painter, architect
  • 1477  Caxton printed Chaucer's "Cantebury Tales"
     Botticelli began "Primavera"
     Tiziano Vecelli (Titian) born, Italian artist
  • 1479  beginning of Spanish state (Aragon & Castile)
  • 1480  Ivan III made himself Czar of the Russians
     Ferdinand Magellan born, Portugeuse navigator
     Leonardo da Vinci invented parachute
  • 1481  Bajazet II became Sultan of the Turks
     beginning of Spanish Inquisition under the joint
     direction of state & church
     Botticelli, Ghirlandajo, Perugino Pinturicchio &
     Signorelli paint frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Rome
  • 1483  Edward V and his brother disappeared, murdered
     Richard III claimed English throne
     Charles VIII crowned King of France
     Martin Luther born, German Reformation leader
     King John II of Portugal refuses to finance
     Columbus's voyage
  • 1484  Richard III reformed law, trade and tax collection
     in England
  • 1485  Botticelli began "Birth of Venus" painting
  • 1489  symbols "+" (plus) and "-" (minus) came into use
  • 1490  beginning of ballet in Italian courts
     first orphanages in Italy & Holland
  • 1492  Torquemada decreed all Jews have 3 months to
     convert or leave Spain
     Leonardo da Vinci drew a flying machine
     first terrestrial globe created by Martin Behaim
     (Nuremberg)
     Ferdinand & Isabella finance Columbus's voyage to
     new world
     Columbus discovered Watling Island in the Bahamas
     (Oct 12)
     Columbus discovered Cuba (Oct 18)
     Columbus discovered Haiti (Dec 25) and wrecked
     "Santa Maria"
     profession of book publisher emerged
  • 1493  Turks invaded Dalmatia & Croatia
     Columbus's 2nd voyage, discovered Puerto Rico,
     Dominica & Jamaica
  • 1495  Jews expelled from Portugal
     da Vinci began "The Last Supper"
     Pedro de Alvarado born, Spanish explorer
  • 1496  James IV invaded Northumberland
     Teneriffe became Spanish
     monk, Romano Pane, described tobacco
     (accompanied Columbus)
  • 1497  King John II of Denmark defeated Swedish army
     Michelangelo began "Bacchus" sculpture
     the Cabots reach east coast of N.America
     Vasco da Gama rounded Cape of Good Hope
     severe famine in Florence
  • 1498  Louis XII of France was crowned
     Hinrek van Alkmar writes "Reinke de Vos", Dutch
     animal epic
     Torquemado, Grand Inquisitor of Spain, dies
     da Vinci created many scientific and techincal
     drawings
     Michelangelo began the "Pieta" sculpture
     Columbus left on 3rd voyage
     Vasco da Gama discovered sea route to India
     first German pawn shop in Nuremberg
  • 1499  first political cartoons (on French/Italian war)
     appeared
     Amerigo Vespucci left for S.American discovery
     Swiss established their independence



  • Donatello's David
    Donatello's David, the first nude statue of the Renaissance



    King Henry of Portugal, the Navigator
    King Henry of Portugal, the Navigator



    view of the Inquisition
    The Inquisition



    Macchu Piccu, never found by the Spanish
    Ruins of Macchu Piccu



    Johann Gutenberg
    Johann Gutenberg



    Nicholaus Copernicus
    Nicholaus Copernicus



    Interior view of the Sistine Chapel
    Interior view of the Sistine Chapel



    Christopher Columbus
    Christopher Columbus



    The Birth of Venus by Botticelli
    The Birth of Venus by Botticelli



    helicopter drawing by da Vinci
    drawing by da Vinci



    Vasco da Gama
    explorer Vasco da Gama




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