• 1650  Charles II lands in Scotland
     leather upholstery used for furniture
     tea first drunk in England
  • 1651  Yetuna, new shogun of Japan
     Giovanni Riccioli creates map of moon with
     names used today
     actress Nell Gwyn born
  • 1652  Maine joined to Massachussets Bay Colony
     John Donne "Paradoxes, Problems"
     Hayashi Shunsai publishes a history of Japan,
     "O- Dai- Ichi-Ran"
     the minuet comes into fashion in French court
     first opera house in Vienna
     Otto von Guericke invents air pump
  • 1653  Ferdinand IV becomes King of the Romans
     Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
     Moliére writes "L'Etourdi" (comedy)
     first letter boxes in Paris
  • 1654  Portuguese drive Dutch out of Brazil
  • 1655  English capture Jamaica
     Cromwell readmits Jews to England
     first regular newspaper in Berlin
  • 1656  Alfonso VI, King of Portugal
     Spinoza excommunicated
     Rembrandt declares bankruptcy
     opening of first London opera house
     Edmund Halley born
  • 1657  Leopold I, Emperor of Rome
     creation of new House of Lords
     drinking chocolate introduced in London
     first stockings manufactured in Paris
     first fountain pens manufactured in Paris
  • 1658  Cromwell dissolved Parliament
     Cromwell dies, succeeded by his son, Richard
  • 1659  physician Thomas Willis describes first
     typhoid fever
  • 1660  water closets arrive in England from France
  • 1661  Coronation of Charles II, King of Scotland
     famine in India
     author Daniel Defoe born
  • 1662  K'ang-hsi Emperor of China
     Moliére writes "L'Ecole des femmes" (comedy)
     last silver pennies minted in London
  • 1663  turnpike tolls introduced in England
  • 1664  french horn becomes an orchestral instrument
     Christopher Wren designs the Sheldonian Theatre
     (Oxford)
     french furniture prevails throughout Europe
  • 1665  Giovanni Cassini determines rotations of
     Jupiter, Mars and Venus
     Peter Chamberlen invents midwifery forceps
     Isaac Newton experiments with gravitation
     Isaac Newton invents differential calculus
     first modern census taken in Quebec
     Great Plague of London starts
     first known turf race in New York
     colony of New Jersey founded
  • 1666  French & Dutch declare war on England
     English privateers take Tobago
     Antonio Stradivari labels his first violin
     Isaac Newton measures the moon's orbit
     cheddar cheese first made
     Great Fire of London
  • 1667  John Milton writes "Paradise Lost"
     English author Jonathan Swift born
     Guilio Rospigliosi becomes Pope Clement IX
     Mexico Cathedral finished
     National Observatory - Paris, founded
     French army uses hand grenades
  • 1668  Isaac Newton builds reflecting telescope
  • 1669  John Locke's constitution for Carolina approved,
     S.Carolina founded
     Rembrandt dies
     outbreak of cholera in China
  • 1670  Giovanni Borelli attempts to use artificial wings
     for flying
     Thomas Willis describes for first time symptoms
     of diabetes
     first minute hands on watches
  • 1671  Turks declare war on Poland
     highwayman Rob Roy born
  • 1672  flexible hose for fire fighting developed by
     Jan van der Heyde and his son
  • 1673  Christopher Wren knighted
     Mitsui family banking house founded in Japan
     Marquette & Joliet reach source of Mississippi
     River
  • 1674  John Milton dies
     Richard "Beau" Nash born, English courtier
  • 1675  alliance between France and Poland
     war between Sweden and Denmark
     Sir Christopher Wren rebuilds St. Paul's Cathedral
  • 1676  Feodor III, Czar of Russia
     Benedetto Odescalchi becomes Pope Innocent XI
     Sir Christopher Wren begins Trinity College
     Library
     Influenze epidemic in England
     legal protection of the Sabbath in England
  • 1677  Ice cream becomes popular as dessert in Paris
  • 1678  war between Russia and Sweden
     first chyrsanthemums arrive in Holland from
     Japan
     import of all French goods banned in England
  • 1679  Jesuit Louis Hannepin discovers Niagara Falls
  • 1680  Tsunayoshi becomes shogun of Japan
     first ballets in Germany arrive from France
     the Dodo bird, becomes extinct
  • 1681  Academy of Sciences, Moscow, founded
     first checks in England
  • 1682  LaSalle claims Louisiana territory for France
     Versailless becomes French royal residence
     mill with 100 looms established in Amsterdam
  • 1683  Spain declares war on France
     Peter II, King of Portugal
     Newton describes mathematical theory of tides
     wild boars become extinct in Great Britian
  • 1684  London attempts to light the streets
  • 1685  James II, King of England
     J.S.Bach born
     first French settlers in Texas
  • 1686  Russia declares war on Turkey
     Halley draws first meteorlogical map
  • 1687  Acropolis & Athens badly damaged by
     Venetian bombardment
     Suleiman III, Sultan of Turkey
  • 1688  plate glass being cast for first time
     Smyrna destroyed by earthquake
  • 1689  Louis XIV declares war on Great Britian
     French burn Baden-Baden
     Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia
  • 1690  Joseph I elected King of the Romans
     Turks conquer Belgrade
     Calcutta founded
  • 1691  Ahmad II, Sultan of Turkey
     first directory of addresses published in Paris
  • 1692  massacre of clan MacDonald at Glencoe
     William & Mary College founded
     earthquake in Jamaica
  • 1693  Kingston, Jamaica founded
  • 1694  Bank of England founded
     Hussain becomes Shah of Persia
     salt tax doubled in England
  • 1695  Mustafa II, Sultan of Turkey
     Royal Bank of Scotland founded
     a window tax is levied in England
  • 1697  Charles XII, King of Sweden
     China conquers western Mongolia
     last remains of Maya civilization destroyed in
     Yucatan by Spanish
  • 1698  paper manufacturing begins in N.America
  • 1699  Frederick IV, King of Denmark
     Pierre Le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville founds first
     European settlement in Louisiana, at Fort
     Maurepas
     Peter the Great decrees that New Year in Russia
     will begin on Jan.1 instead of Sept.1




  • Sir Isaac Newton made fundamental contributions to every major area of scientific and mathematical concern to his generation.





    Oliver Cromwell was one of the most important figures in British history, a great general, and lord protector of the Commonwealth, or republic, of England, Scotland, and Ireland for five years.





    Edmond Halley was an English astronomer who discovered the proper motion of stars and the periodicity of comets.





    Louis XIV, France's Sun King, had the longest reign in European history (72 years).





    Peter the Great, tsar of Russia and the first Russian emperor, was an unusually powerful and prepossessing ruler and laid the foundation of the modern Russian state.





    Rene Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle was the European discoverer of the lower Mississippi.





    Charles XII, King of Sweden was one of the great military kings of European history.




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