• 1800  Napoleon established himself First Council
     Napoleon's army defeated Austrians and
     conquers Italy
     British captured Malta
     US federal offices moved to Washington DC
     Goya: "Portrait of a Woman"
     Whitney made muskets with removable parts
     Ottawa founded
     France regained Louisiana territory from Spain
     Johnny Appleseed arrived in Ohio valley
     Alessandro Volta invented electric battery
     Library of Congress established in Washington DC
  • 1801  Peace of Lunéville between france & Austria
     Thomas Jefferson, 3rd US President
     Alexander I, Czar of Russia
     Robert Fulton made first submarine "Nautilus"
     Union Jack official flag of Great Britain
     Tripolitan War between the United States and
     Tripoli to end extortion payments
     to Barbary Coast pirates
     John Marshall Chief Justice of US Supreme Court
     British defeated Napoleon's army at Alexandria,
     Egypt
  • 1802  Napoleon became President of Italy
     Peace of Amiens between France & Britain
     atomic theory introduced by John Dalton
     Gottfried Treviranus coined "biology"
     Hershel discovered binary stars
  • 1803  Louisiana Purchase
     Napoleonic War began, between Britain & France
     Fulton used steam power to power boat
     Henry Shrapnel invented shell
     Matthew Flinders, 1st circumnavigation of Australia
  • 1804  Napoleon crowned emperor by Senate
     and Tribunate
     Francis I, Emperor of Austria
     Spain declared war on Britain
     Alexander Hamilton killed in duel with Aaron Burr
     Lewis & Clark began exploring American NW
  • 1805  Napoleon crowned King of Italy
     Walter Scott: "The Lay of the Last Minstrel"
     Beethoven: "Fidelio"
     Paganini toured as violin virtuoso
     Sartuner isolated morphine
     Britain, Austria, Russia & Sweden formed Third
     Coalition against France
     Nelson defeated French-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar
  • 1806  Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples
     Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland
     Prussia joined Third Coalition
     official end of Holy Roman Empire
     Zebulon Pike sent to explored Red River
     Sir Francis Beaufort designed wind strength scale
  • 1807  Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia
     Mustafa IV, Sultan of Turkey
     US Embargo Act against Britain & France
     US frigate, the Chesapeake was boarded and
     four men seized, alleged to be deserters.
     France invaded Portugal
     Lord Byron, "Hours of Idleness"
     Fuller's paddle steamer on Hudson River
     Aaron Burr tried for treason but acquitted
     Beethoven completed his Fifth Symphony
     gas street lights in London
  • 1808  US prohibited importing slaves from Africa
     French army occupied Rome, Napoleon takes
     Madrid
     source of Ganges River discovered
     Pompeii excavations began
  • 1809  war between France and Austria, French
     take Austria
     Charles XIII, King of Sweden
     Pope Pius VII taken prisoner by Napoleon
     Napoleon divorced Josephine
     James Madison, 4th US President
     Nicolas Appert developed 1st effective method for
     canning food
  • 1810  Napoleon married Archduchess Marie Louise
     of Austria
     Napoleon ordered sale of seized US ships by
     Decree of Rambouillet; Napoleon confiscated
     British goods by Decree of Fountainebleau;
     Napoleon annexed Holland, Hanover, Bremen,
     Hamburg, Lauenburg and Lubeck
     Venezuela broke from Spain
     Samuel Hahnemann founded homeopathy
     Phineas T. Barnum born
     Kamehameha became ruler of Hawaii
  • 1811  George III declared insane
     Napoleon annexed Oldenburg
     Jane Austen: "Sense and Sensibility"
     William Henry Harrison defeated Shawnee at Battle
     of Tippecanoe
  • 1812  Napoleon entered Russia, retreats at Moscow
     Napoleon began journey with 450,00 men,
     returned with 40,000 men
     US declared war on Britain
     Duke of Wellington entered Madrid
     the Brothers Grimm: "Fairy Tales"
     Goya: "Portrait of the Duke of Wellington"
     earthquake destroyed Caracas, Venezuela
  • 1813  Prussia declared war on France
     Austria declared war on France
     "Battle of Nations", France defeated
     France expelled from Holland
     US forces defeated at Chrysler's Farm, near
     Montreal
     Wellington defeated French at Vitoria
     Simon Bolivar, dictator of Venezuela
     Mexico declareed independence
     Jane Austin: "Pride and Prejudice"
     waltz became dance rage of Europe
     symbol of 'Uncle Sam' first used
  • 1814  Allied forces defeated French, entered Paris
     Napoleon banished to Elba
     Louis XVIII, king of France
     British army burned Washington DC
     Francis Scott Key wrote poem "Defense of Fort
     McHenry" to become "The Star Spangled Banner"
     Andrew Jackson defeated Creek Indians at Battle
     of Horseshoe Bend
     Jesuit order was reestablished
     Treaty of Ghent ended War of 1812
  • 1815  Napoleon escaped & marched on Paris
     Americans defeated British at Battle of New
     Orleans before news of treaty arrived
     Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
     Napoleon banished to St.Helena
     Brazil declared independence
     Switzerland declared independence
     Barbary States asked for peace with US
  • 1816  Argentina declared independence
     Jane Austen: "Emma"
     Shaka established Zulu empire in South Africa
  • 1817  James Monroe, president of US
     US began building Erie Canal
     Sir Walter Scott: "Rob Roy"
  • 1818  Chile declared independence
     border between US & Canada agreed upon
     (49 parallel)
     Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley: "Frankenstein"
     Franz Xaver Huber: "Silent Night"
  • 1819  Florida purchased by US
     Simon Bolivar, president of Columbia
     Beethoven deaf
     Mehemet Ali presented "Cleopatra's Needle"
     to Britain
     12 hour day maximum set for juveniles in England
  • 1820  Missouri Compromise (1 slave state added for
     each free state added to US)
     Keats: "Ode to a Nightingale"
     Sir Walter Scott: "Ivanhoe"
     "Venus de Milo" statue found on island of Melos
     Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen sighted land
     in Antarctic
     first free African slaves resettled in Liberia, Africa
     Washingtin Irving: "Rip van Winkle"
     Washington Irving: "Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
  • 1821  Napoleon died
     Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian
     Scientists, born
     Rosetta Stone deciphered by Champollion
     Captain John Davis first on continent of Antarctica
     Cherokee Indian Sequoya developed written
     Cherokee language
  • 1822  Greece proclaimed independence
     Turks invaded Greece
     Franz Liszt debuted as pianist at 11
  • 1823  Mexico became republic
     Monroe Doctrine warned Europe not to interfere in
     the Americas
     James Fenimore: first of "Leather-Stocking" novels
     Charles Babbage attempted to construct a
     calculating machine
     Charles Macintosh invented waterproof fabric
     Schubert wrote music to "Rosamunde"
     rugby football originated in England
  • 1824  Simon Bolivar, Emperor of Peru
     first Burmese War
     Erie Canal finished
     R.S.P.C.A. founded in London



  • Napoleon Bonaparte was probably the most brilliant military figure in history.


    Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and pioneered the use of mass production methods.


    Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of American Independence.


    Robert Fulton is best known for his pioneer work in developing the steamboat.


    Sir Walter Scott was one of the foremost literary figures of the romantic period and achieved unprecedented popularity during his lifetime.


    Ludwig von Beethoven is admired for his instrumental works, including symphonies, concertos, sonatas, and chamber music.


    Kamehameha I conquered most of the Hawaiian islands and by 1810 became ruler of a united Hawaii.


    Phineas Taylor Barnum is the most famous U.S. showmen.


    Jane Austen is known as one of the greatest of British fiction writers.


    Venus de Milo


    Washington Irving won international acclaim as a distinctively American prose stylist and helped promote the literary efforts of his compatriots both at home and in Europe.




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