US President Taiping rebellion in China Elizabeth Barrett Browning: "Sonnets from the Portuguese" Nathaniel Hawthorne: "The Scarlet Letter" Jenny Lind toured US R.W. Bunsen created gas burner Seven Gables" Herman Melville: "Moby Dick" Verdi: "Rigoletto" 1st double-decker bus introduced gold found in Victoria, New South Wales, Australia David Livingstone explored Zambezi Wells Fargo and Co. founded peace between Britain and Burma Samuel Colt revolutionized manufacturing of small arms hypodermic syringes used for injections telegraph established in India Brigade" US Republican party founded Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: "The Song of Hiawatha" Walt Whitman: "Leaves of Grass" Livingstone discovered Victoria Falls Florence Nightingale introduced hygenic standards Ferdinand de Lesseps to build Suez Canal Gustave Flaubert: "Madame Bovary" Neanderthal skull found near Dusseldorf, Germany Indian mutiny against British rule, Delhi captured Royal Navy destroyed Chinese fleet British proclaim peace in India Suez Canal Company formed National Association of Baseball formed Ottawa became Canadian capital Charles Dickens: "A Tale of Two Cities" Edward Fitzgerald; "Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam" Charles Darwin: "On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection" Karl Marx: "Critique of Political Economy" steamroller invented 1st horse drawn tram US union Congress of Montgomery formed Conferate States of America - South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida & Louisiana ceceded Abraham Lincoln, 16th US President Confederate Army took Fort Sumter - outbreak of US Civil War Charles Dickens: "Great Expectations" George Eliot: "Silas Marner" Oliver Wendell Holmes: "Elsie Venner" Pasteur developed theory of germ fermentation US began passport system declared free Sarah Bernhardt's acting debut Victor Hugo: "Les Misérables" military cemetary after battle Ismail, Khedive of Egypt George I, king of Denmark Edward Everett Hale: "Man Without a Country" Ebenezer Butterick develops 1st paper dress pattern 1st stolen base in baseball by Eddie Cuthbert National Academy of Sciences founded, Washington D.C. General Ulysses S. Grant commander of Union forces General Sherman marched Union forces from Chattanooga through Georgia massacre of Cheyenne & Arapahoe Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado Charles Dickens: "Our Mutual Friend" Henrik Ibsen: "The Crown Pretenders" Tolstoi: "War and Peace" Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization for wine Geneva Convention established "neutral zones" for battlefield hospitals "In God We Trust" 1st appeared on US coins surrendered at Appomattox Abraham Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson, 17th US President Leopold II, king of Belgium Lewis Carroll: "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" Mary Mapes Dodge: "Hans Brinker" or "The Silver Skates" Mark Twain: "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" Joseph Lister initiated antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid Thaddeus Lowe invented ice machine M.I.T. founded introduction of carpet sweeper George Pullman designed 1st sleeping railroad cars 1st train holdup Alfred Nobel invented dynamite Robert Whitehead invented underwater torpedo Emperor Maximillian, Maximillian executed US purchased Alaska from Russia Ibsen: "Peer Gynt" Mark Twain: "The Jumping Frog" Karl Marx: "Das Kapital" Johann Strauss: "The Blue Danube" (waltz) Livingstone explored Congo gold discovered in Wyoming Diamonds discovered in S. Africa Louisa May Alcott: "Little Women" Renoir: "The Skaters" Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 1 badmitton created Boston Red Stockings founded, 1st US pro baseball team Suez Canal opened R.D.Blackmore: "Lorna Doone" famous ship "Cutty Shark" launched revolt in Paris, Third Republic Italians proclaimed Rome their capital city Jules Verne: "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" Heinrich Schliemann began Troy excavations Tchaikovsky: overture of Romeo & Juliet Robert E.Lee died Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller Lewis Carroll: "Through the Looking Glass" Charles Darwin: "The Descent of Man" Jehovah's Witnesses founded Verdi: "Aida" P.T.Barnum opened "The Greatest Show on Earth" Great Chicago fire Stanley met Livingstone at Ujiji S.S.Oceanic, 1st of large modern luxury liners is launched Jules Verne: "Around the World in 80 Days" Whistler: "The Artist's Mother" Thomas Edison perfected the duplex telegraph George Westinghouse perfected automatic rail air brake 1st international soccer game, England vs Scotland famine in Bengal Tolstoi: "Anna Karenina" Cézanne: "The Straw Hat" color photographs 1st developed E.Remington and Sons produced 1st typewriters American football clubs adopted uniform rules Renoir: "La Loge" H. Solomon introduced pressure cooking methods for canning foods |
Herman Melville is widely regarded as one of America's greatest and most influential novelists. Walt Whitman is one of the greatest of 19th-century American poets. Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of modern nursing and a pioneer in sanitation and hygiene. Charles Darwin revolutionized biology with his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Abraham Lincoln is considered by many historians to have been the greatest American president. Louis Pasteur is considered the founder of microbiology. Lewis Carroll wrote children's books that are also distinguished as satire and as examples of verbal wit. Mark Twain achieved worldwide fame during his lifetime as an author, lecturer, satirist, and humorist. Louisa May Alcott is best known for Little Women. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky was an eminent Russian composer. Jules Verne almost single-handedly invented science fiction. Thomas Alva Edison was one of the most prolific inventors of the late 19th century. |