Science

Science

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Leonardo was born the 15th of April, 1452. He was non legitimate son of florence notary which had name the Pyerou da Vinci. Mother of Leonardo was ordinary country girl. Her name was Catherina. But she was non ordinary beautiful and Leonardo was similar to her when he was young. Soon after his birth she had died. But strange as it may appear he had a quite happy childhood. The first his two step-mothers were very kind women. They loved him very much. The third his step-mother had came in their home when Leonardo was already twenty four y.o. He had eight brothers and two sisters. But no one in no way had displaied theyself. Father of Leonardo was somewhat stingy but he never grudged money for his first son.

The teachers of Leonardo were a grate scientifics there times. Such as Paolo Toskanelly which was famous florence doctor and philosopher and also very good mathematician. He had made map for traveling of Hristofor Columb. His pupil was famous Amerigo Vespuchi. A paintered school Leonardo left under the supervision of Andrea Veroukyo which was one in better florence painters and sculptors there times. In 1502 year was begining famous in history of art competition Leonardo with Mickelangelo. In Florence was made competition for painting the picture for Big hall of Council. Mickelangelo was thirty years younger of Leonardo and was very danger competitor. But florence powers didn't wish to prefer somebody's picture and refused as Leonardo such Mickelangelo.

In this very time had dieing father of Leonardo. Father had testamented a share for his first son. But after death of father other sons didn't want to share with oldest brother. And it compeled him in fifty y.o. to abase himself and to ask powers for getting his share.

Leonardo repented when was dieing in the 2 of May, 1519 in palace Clu in France. He asked God and people to forgive him in that he hadn't done everything for the art he could have done.

Niels Bohr (1885-1962)

Bohr is a Danish physicist, one of the most ingenious interpreters of his generation of the problems of modern theoretical physics. Born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, he did physics at the University of Copenhagen, obtaining his doctor's degree in 1911 and proceeded immediately to Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge for further study under Sir J.J. Thomson. In 1912 he moved to Manchester University, where he was associated with Ernest Rutherford in the latter's atomic research. In 1914, following a year as lecturer at the University of Copenhagen Bohr returned to Manchester, remaining there until 1916, when he was made professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen.

In 1920, largely due to Bohr's efforts, the Institute of Theoretical Physics was established at Copenhagen. He became its first head and under him the Institute has become an important centre for the development of theoretical and experimental physics. Prior to World War II Bohr's Institute had become the word centre for atomic physics.
Just before World War II, Bohr advanced the idea that the compound nucleus was fundamental to the phenomena of nuclear disintegation, a concept that proved fruitful in later work. In collaboration with John Archibald Wheeler he proposed a theory of nuclear fission that led to atomic research which produced the atomic bomb.

In 1943, after the Nazis had occupied Denmark, Bohr escaped to England in a small boat. Making the way to US, he took a leading part in the atomic bomb project, working mainly at the laboratory established in early 1943 at Los Alamos in New Mexico. In 1944-1945 Bohr served as adviser to the Scientific Staff of the Manhatten Project. In 1945 Bohr returned to Copenhagen to resume his duties as director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics.

Bohr's great achievement was recognized internationally by the Nobel prize award to him in 1922 for his study of atomic structure and radiation. In 1957 he was the first recipient of the Atoms for Peace award. That same year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he delivered his lecture on the Philosophical Lessons of Atomic Progress.

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