CIS 1140
Networking Fundamentals
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Coaxial Cable
Two types: baseband (digital) which carries only one kind of signal and broadband
(analog) which can carry data, video, and audio
Thick coaxial cable (thick Ethernet, thicknet)
- used for building-to-building cable runs and for long cable runs inside a
building
- first type of cable used for Ethernet applications
- difficult to install because of its thicker protective shielding
- better EMI/RFI immunity than thin coaxial cable because of large-diameter
conductor and the aluminum shielding
- cable jacket is marked every 2.5 meters to show where a network device
can be attached
- Vampire tap and drop cable
- RG-8 cable (radio grade)
- terminated by 50-ohm resistor
- maximum cable length is 500 meters without a repeater or 2500 meters
using repeaters (100 nodes)
- 10BASE5
Thin coaxial cable (thin Ethernet, thinnet)
- used to connect microcomputers together on a LAN
in a bus topology
- thin diameter and flexibility make it easier to install than thick
coaxial cable
- slightly less immunity to EMI/RFI than thick coaxial cable
- device attachments every 0.5 meters
- RG-58 cable
- terminated by 50-ohm resistor
- BNC connector
- maximum cable length is 185 meters without a repeater
- up to 30 nodes per segment
- 10BASE2 (transmission speed is 10 Mbps)
Twisted Pair Cable
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
- point to point from a workstation’s NIC to a central communications
hub that functions as a repeater (MAU for token ring or a concentrator for Ethernet)
- telephone wire - 4 strands of wire with each end attached to an RJ-45
connector (regular telephone wire uses an RJ-11 connector) .
- most popular Ethernet cabling medium
- flexible to install
- economical
- sensitive to EMI/RFI
- maximum cable length from hub to workstation is 100 meters
- physical star configuration
- transmission speed is 10 - 100 Mbps
- 10BASET (10 Mbps)
- 100BaseTX - most likely type to
encounter, Cat5 or higher, supports full duplexing
- 100BaseT4 - cannot support full
duplexing
- 100BASEVG or 100VG-AnyLAN
-(IEEE 802.12 for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet) - voice grade
Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
- usually used only in large client-server based networks with star
topology and a Token Ring signaling scheme
- shielding around strands of cable and twisting of pairs help reduce
EMI/RFI
- requires specialized connectors: D-shell (DB-9) at the workstation and an
IBM Data connector at the MAU end
- higher cost of purchase and installation
than UTP
Fiber Optic Cable
- well suited for FDDI, fast Ethernet, and ATM
- most expensive type of cable
- not easily installed
- uses light transmitted by laser or LED to transmit data
- multi-mode is made of glass, is used for shorter lengths but
can support simultaneous transmission of multiple light waves, LED is
light source; supports segments up to 2K
- single-mode is made of
plastic or glass, has a smaller diameter, allows one bundle of light to enter the fiber,
used mainly for long distance communications, supports segments up to 3K
- not subject to packet loss due to EMI/RFI
- most secure cabling because taps can be detected easily
- transmission rate of 100 Mbps up to 1 Gbps
