REASON ONE:

A nursing puppy receives antibodies from its mother's milk (called maternal antibodies) that protect it from disease during the first months of its life. Unfortunately, these antibodies can also keep a vaccine from being effective. These maternal antibodies gradually start to decrease around 6 weeks of age but may still interfere with early vaccinations. That is why puppies area given a series of vaccinations. It is best to have two series of vaccinations given before a puppy is stressed by going to a new home, changing diets, and being exposed to an environment that may contain animals that are sick. In the state of Florida it is against the law to sell a puppy before it is 8 weeks old.

REASON TWO:

Puppies have 4 critical periods of development between birth and 16 weeks (4 mos) of their lives. What happens to them during these 4 mos. determines what kind of companion they will become and shapes their character for the rest of their lives!

• Birth to 21 days (3 weeks) - during this period the puppy's brain is mostly reactionary in that the brain is developing neural pathways. During this time the mother and her milk are most important. The puppy needs adequate food, the stimulation it gets from the mother licking it and the warmth it gets from mom and it's littermates. By three weeks (21st day) the puppy's brain has taken on adult brain form and the puppy can toddle around, blink, hear, eliminate without mother's stimulation and begin to explore it's immediate surroundings. They begin to try to play with their siblings and mother.
• 3 weeks to 7 weeks (49th day) - During this period puppies learn canine socialization and learn dominance order - most important in training and getting along with other dogs! This is a time of rapid development, both physically and mentally. From 21-28 days (4 weeks) is especially crucial and should the puppy be separated from its mother and littermates at this time it would be so emotionally upsetting that the puppy will never be compensated in life for the loss of interaction of its mother and littermates. Characteristically, puppies weaned at 4 weeks are a training nightmare because they never get the connection between a reward or correction and what they were doing at the time. (For example, the dog grabs your sandwich and you yell "NO". It will not understand why you are saying no, nor why it is unacceptable to grab what it wants.) Between 4 and 5 weeks is when the puppy becomes aware of its surroundings and littermates and discovers when it bites too hard on one of them or Mama Dog - it gets corrected by Mama or the littermate bites back - hard! They learn to play bite at an acceptable level for their playmates. This is important to us because we can then teach them not to bite or nip us....they will learn that we are rather delicate creatures by puppy standards! :-)

Canine socialization is so important for a puppy to be well-adjusted. A puppy needs contact and interaction with it's mom and littermates to learn doggy social graces, such as how to approach another dog, how to show submission and how to initate play. A puppy weaned at 5 weeks is characterically aggressive towards strange dogs. Some people call this "Dog aggressive", but it is basically caused by the dog not knowing how to approach or be approached by a another dog. Mothers discipline pups and teach them as well....this is as important in dogs as it is in human children. A puppy weaned at 6 weeks may have the social skills but will not have all the self-confidence in itself as it would after 7 weeks. This is extremely important in a service dog or a dog you want to take responsiblity for you, your home and property.

• 49 to 84 days ( 7 weeks to 12 weeks)- By the 49th day a puppy is neurologically complete...it has an adult brain, but no experience! (Kinda like you were when you got out of school and tried to find a job - couldn't get a job because you lacked job experience.:-/ ) A good breeder will handle their pups daily, from birth, and during this time it is critical for someone to give it affection and guidance for the puppy to be willing to form attachments to people and learn to trust humans. Puppies must get one-on-one socialization with a human at least once a week to develope as an individual.
• 12 - 16 weeks - This is a great time for play training to become more serious and when human and dog decide who is boss. A dog's character for life is formed between 4 weeks to 16 weeks. No matter how good inherited character traits are, if puppies are not given proper exposure, they will never be as good a dog as it could have been. There is NO way to go back and make it up to a dog is later life for failures at this age. A dog without socialization prior to 16 weeks does not develope as an individual with self-confidence in its self.

REASON THREE:

Many show breeders wait until 8-12 weeks to grade their puppies into pet or show potential categories. Generally, 12 weeks is a good time to grade beagle puppies. It is very unusual for me to sell a puppy before this age, unless there is a very obvious fault that make the puppy a pet. i.e. color. Socialization and puppy training during this period is critical and I focus carefully on the needs of my puppies and their individual personalities. A shy puppy gets more supportive attention and an overly outgoing puppy learns how to play correctly. I try to match a puppy's personality with its new home.

Authored and contributed by Sandra Fikes-Kalahari Ridgebacks Edited for beagles by Darlene Stewart.