COMMONLY USED SUBSTITUTIONS
| INGREDIENT | QUANTITY | SUBSTITUTE |
| Baking Powder | 1 tsp double acting | 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 cup buttermilk or |
| Baking Powder | 1 tsp double acting | 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar |
| Butter | 1 cup | 1 cup margarine or |
| Butter | 1 cup | 7/8 cup lard + 1/2 tsp salt |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 Tbsp vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 2/3 cup plain yogurt + 1/3 cup sweet milk |
| Chocolate | 1 ounce | 3 Tbsp cocoa + 1 Tbsp shortening |
| Corn Starch (for thickening) | 1 Tbsp | 2 Tbsp flour |
| Cream | 1 cup | 1/2 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk |
| Egg | 1 whole | 2 egg yolks |
| Flour | 1 cup all purpose | 1 cup + 2 Tbsp cake flour |
| Flour | 1 cup cake flour | 7/8 cup all purpose flour |
| Flour | 1 cup self-rising Flour | 1 cup flour (omit baking powder & salt) |
| Garlic | 1 small clove | 1/8 tsp garlic powder |
| Herbs | 1 Tbsp fresh | 1 tsp dried |
| Honey | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cups sugar + 1/4 cup liquid |
| Milk, fresh whole | 1 cup | 1 cup reconstituted dry milk + 2 tsp butter |
| Milk, whole | 1 cup | 1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water |
| Milk, sour | 1 cup | 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup |
| Minced Onion (rehydrated) | 1 Tbsp instant | 1 small fresh onion |
| Molasses | 1 cup | 1 cup honey |
| Mustard, prepared | 1 Tbsp | 1 tsp dry mustard |
| Ricotta Cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup cottage cheese + 1 Tbsp skim milk |
| Sour Cream | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt |
| Sugar, Brown | 1 cup | 3/4 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup molasses |
| Sugar, Powdered | 1 1/3 cups | 1 cup granulated sugar |
| Yogurt | 1 cup | 1 cup buttermilk |
