dward II (1284-1327), king
of England, was born at Carnarvon Castle in Wales, the son of
Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. During the early part of his
reign Edward was under the influence of Piers Gaveston. The
barons, headed by Thomas of Lancaster, the King’s uncle,
twice drove Gaveston from the country, and in 1312 forced his
surrender at Scarsborough Castle, and executed him. In 1311 the
barons drew up the Ordinances for the administration of the
country by a governing body of barons.
In 1322, with the aid of his new favorites, Hugh le Despenser the Elder and Younger, Edward attacked and defeated the barons at Boroughbridge (1322), and executed Lancaster. The Parliament of York revoked the Ordinances, and re-established the authoritu of the king, lords, and commons. Isabella made common cause with the exiled nobles against her husband and the Despensers; and having obtained possession of the young Prince Edward, she embarked from Dort, with a body of malcontents, and landed on the coast of Suffolk (Sept. 24, 1326). Edward fled, but was taken prisoner in Glamorganshire. He was compelled to resign the crown in 1327, and was murdered in Berkeley Castle. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]
Edward having been deposed by Parliament on 7 Feb 1327 on account of his unusual practices, was murdered at Berkeley Castle the following year. {Burke’s Peerage and Chamber’s Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]
First English Prince of Wales he was deposed and supposedly murdered by his wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. Known as Edward of Caernarvon. A very fine early alabaster effigy of him lies in Gloucester Cathedral put there by order of his son Edward III. Edward’s great grandson Richard II marked his visit to the tomb by having his badge, the White Rose, painted on the column Capitals. The South Aisle of Gloucester Cathedral has a window depicting the murder, his reception at the Abbey and his internment. [THELMA.GED]
Edward II (1284-1327), Plantagenet king of England (1307-1327), whose incompetence and distaste for government finally led to his deposition and murder.
Edward was born on April 25, 1284, at Caernarfon (Caernarvon), Wales, the fourth son of King Edward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile. The deaths of his older brothers made the infant prince heir to the throne; in 1301 he was proclaimed Prince of Wales, the first heir apparent in English history to bear that title. The prince was idle and frivolous, with no liking for military campaigning or affairs of state. Believing that the prince's close friend Piers Gaveston, a Gascon knight, was a bad influence on the prince, Edward I banished Gaveston. On his father's death, however, Edward II recalled his favorite. Gaveston incurred the opposition of the powerful English barony. The nobles were particularly angered in 1308, when Edward made Gaveston regent for the period of the king's absence in France, where he went to marry Isabella, daughter of King Philip IV. In 1311 the barons, led by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, forced the king to appoint from among them a committee of 21 nobles and prelates, called the lords ordainers. They proclaimed a series of ordinances that transferred the ruling power to themselves and excluded the commons and lower clergy from Parliament. After they had twice forced the king to banish Gaveston, and the king had each time recalled him, the barons finally had the king's favorite kidnapped and executed.
In the meantime, Robert Bruce had almost completed his reconquest of Scotland, which he had begun shortly after 1305. In 1314 Edward II and his barons raised an army of some 100,000 men with which to crush Bruce, but in the attempt to lift the siege of Stirling they were decisively defeated (see Bannockburn, Battle of). For the following eight years the earl of Lancaster virtually ruled the kingdom. In 1322, however, with the advice and help of two new royal favorites, the baron Hugh le Despenser, and his son, also Hugh le Despenser, Edward defeated Lancaster in battle and had him executed. The le Despensers thereupon became de facto rulers of England. They summoned a Parliament in which the commons were included and which repealed the ordinances of 1311 on the ground that they had been passed by the barons only. The repeal was a great step forward in English constitutional development, for it meant that thenceforth no law passed by Parliament was valid unless the House of Commons approved it.
Edward again futilely invaded Scotland in 1322, and in 1323 signed a 13-year truce with Bruce. In 1325 Queen Isabella accompanied the Prince of Wales to France, where, in accordance with feudal custom, he did homage to king Charles IV for the fief of Aquitaine. Isabella, who desired to depose the le Despensers, allied herself with some barons who had been exiled by Edward. In 1326, with their leader, Roger de Mortimer, Isabella raised an army and invaded England. Edward and his favorites fled, but his wife's army pursued and executed the le Despensers and imprisoned Edward. In January 1327, Parliament forced Edward to resign and proclaimed the Prince of Wales king as Edward III. On September 21 of that year Edward II was murdered by his captors at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire. [Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia]
Additional information: Britannia.com
