enry ascended the throne at the age of
nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom
was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as Regent, but
after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the
chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who
occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious
barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232,
he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling
without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by
filling government and church offices with foreign favorites,
many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he
married in 1236. He also squandered money on Continental wars,
especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for
one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the Pope a large sum. When
the King requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they
refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of
Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a Council of
barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal
approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to
the arbitration of Louis IX, King of France, who decided in Henry’s
favour in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de
Montfort, Earl of Leicester the King’s brother-in-law,
accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at the Battle
of Lewes, Sussex taking him prisoner and forcing him to sign the
humiliating agreement, the Mise of Lewes. Earl Simon then called
Parliament in January 1265, the first in which the boroughs were
represented. Later in 1265, however, Henry’s son and heir,
Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over
the barons at the Battle of Evesham in Worcestershire. Simon de
Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a
compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on
Edward effectively ruled England, and when Henry died, he
succeeded him as King. Henry III (of England) (1207-72), King of
England (1216-72), son and heir of King John Lackland, a member
of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. [GADD.GED]
Granted a Charter to Chumleigh Fair-1238. A White Gauntlet was
the symbol of his security. [THELMA.GED]
Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king of England (1216-72),
son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the
house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the
age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the
kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, as regent,
but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the
chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who
occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious
barons were subdued.
Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert
de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of
ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and
church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of
his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by
squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In
order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry
agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money
from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced
him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to
share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated
his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of
war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king
of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the
Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester,
accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and
took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward,
later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the
barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of
Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the
barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267.
From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he
succeeded him as king. [Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia]
Additional information: Britannia.com
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