1. Distinguish between client PCs and servers. What do you have to add to a Windows 95 or 98 PC to make itaclient      PC? What do you have to add to a PC to make it a server? What are the elements of a LAN to connect the PCs of a PC network?

2. List the six layers of the hybrid TCP/IP–IEEE framework used for LAN standards. How does it differ from the five-layer TCP/IP–OSI framework introduced in Chapter 1? Which layers are subnet layers? Which layers are implemented by the NIC?

3. Explain each of the elements of “Ethernet 802.3 10Base-T” and “Ethernet 802.3 100Base-TX.” At what layer are these standards defined? Why are many organizations upgrading from 10Base-T to 100Base-TX? Why is this upgrade easy and inexpensive?

4. When the first bit of a frame reaches the hub, what does the hub do? What is the characteristic of the bus topology at the physical layer?

5. (From the box “Electrical Signaling”) How does Ethernet 802.3 10Base-T represent a one? Why does it do this instead of representing a one as a simple high or low voltage?

6. What is media access control? At what layer is it implemented? Explain how Ethernet 802.3 handles access control.

7. All the LAN standards discussed in this chapter are shared media standards. In a shared media network of any type, if you have 200 stations on the network, how many may transmit at a time?

8. Name each of the fields in the Ethernet 802.3 MAC layer frame, including the length (in octets) and the purpose of each. What does the receiving NIC do if it detects an error?

9. What is the single logical link control layer standard for all IEEE LANs? What error control options does it offer network administrators? What is its function other than error control?

10. (From the box “Token-Ring Networks”) Compare Ethernet and token-ring networks in terms of physical layer topology. Compare them in terms of MAC layer media access control. Compare them in terms of LLC layer standards.

11. One file server uses TCP/IP standards. Another uses IPX/SPX standards. Both operate on an Ethernet LAN. At what layers do they have the same standards? At what layers do they have different standards? Can a client PC communicate with both an IPX/SPX server and a TCP/IP server at the same time?

12. What are the three factors to take into account in deciding how many servers to use to implement a PC network’s services?

13. Does file service allow file sharing by several people? What happens if two users try to change the same file at the same time? What are access rights?

14. In print service, why is printing to a remote printer the same for a user as printing to a printer directly attached to the user’s PC? In what good way is it different?

15. Distinguish between file server program access and client/server processing in terms of the size of applications that may be executed.