^
Births
which occurred on a 12 June:
1964
Otto Hahn, primer navío europeo de propulsión nuclear,
es botado en Kiel (RFA).
1952 420th kitten (record)
born to cat named Dusty, Bonham, TX
1947 Juan Madrid,
escritor español.
1942 Bert Sakmann, investigador
alemán, Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1991.
 ^
1929 Annelies
Marie Frank, in Frankfurt, Germany.
She is the second daughter of Otto and Edith (Hollander) Frank, both
from respected German-Jewish families.
In
the summer of 1933, Otto Frank left Frankfurt for Amsterdam to set
up a branch of his brother's company called the Dutch Opekta Company.
Less than a year later, Edith, Anne (four years old), and her sister
Margot, joined Otto in Amsterdam. In May 1940 the Germans invaded
the Netherlands. Anne continued to attend the local Montessori school,
but after summer recess in 1941, she was not allowed to attend school
with non-Jews.
The Nazi administration
began issuing anti-Jewish decrees. In May 1942, all Jews aged six
and older were required to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothes.
All Jews had to register their businesses and, later, surrender them
to non-Jews. Fortunately, Otto Frank, in anticipation of this decree,
had already turned his business over to his non-Jewish partners Victor
Kuler and Johannes Kleiman. Mass arrests of Jews and mandatory service
in German work camps were becoming routine. Fearful for their lives,
the Frank family began to prepare to go into hiding. They already
had a place in mind - an annex of rooms above Otto Frank's office.
People on the office staff in the Dutch
Opekta Company had agreed to help them. Besides Kugler and Kleiman,
there were Miep and Jan Gies, Bep Voskuijl, and Bep's father - all
considered to be trustworthy. These friends and employees not only
agreed to keep the business operating in their employer's absence;
they agreed to risk their lives to help the Frank family survive.
Mr. Frank also made arrangements for his business partners, Hermann
van Pels, along with his wife, Auguste, and their son, Peter, to share
the hideaway.
While these preparations
were secretly under way, Anne celebrated her thirteenth birthday on
12 June 1942, when she received a diary as a present. On 05 July 1942,
her sister, Margot, received a call-up notice to be deported to a
Nazi "work camp." Even through the hiding place was not yet ready,
the Frank family hurriedly packed their belongings and left notes
implying that they had left the country. On the evening of 06 July,
they moved into their hiding place. A week later, on 13 July, the
van Pels family joined the Franks. On 16 November 1942, the seven
residents of the Secret Annex were joined by its eighth and final
resident, Fritz Pfeffer.
For
two years the Franks were part of an extended family in the Annex,
sharing a confined space and living under constant dread of detection
and arrest by the Nazis and their Dutch collaborators.
At
approximately 10:00, 04 August 1944, the Frank family's greatest fear
came true. A Nazi policeman and several Dutch collaborators appeared
at the hideout, having received an anonymous phone call about Jews
hiding there, and charged straight for the bookcase leading to the
Secret Annex. Karl Joseph Silberbauer, an Austrian Nazi, forced the
residents to turn over all valuables. When he found out that Otto
Frank had been a lieutenant in the German Army during World War I,
he was a little less hostile. The residents were taken from the house,
forced into a covered truck, taken to the Central Office for Jewish
Emigration, and then to Weteringschans Prison. Two of the helpers,
Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, were also imprisoned for their
role in hiding the family. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl were not arrested,
although Miep was brought in for questioning by the police.
On 08 August 1944, after a brief stay
in Weteringschans Prison, the residents of the Secret Annex were moved
to Westerbork transit camp. They remained there for nearly a month,
until 03 September, when they were transported to the Auschwitz death
camp in Poland. It was the last Auschwitz-bound transport ever to
leave Westerbork.
In October 1944,
Anne and Margot were transported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen
concentration camp in Germany. Thousands died from planned starvation
and epidemics at Bergen-Belsen. Anne and Margot, already debilitated,
contracted typhus and grew even sicker. Anne, fifteen years old, and
Margot, nineteen years old, died in February and March, 1945.
Otto Frank was the only resident of
the annex to survive the Holocaust. He found it difficult to settle
permanently in Amsterdam with its constant reminders of his lost family.
He and his second wife, Elfried Geiringer, also an Auschwitz survivor,
moved to Basel, Switzerland, in 1953. Otto Frank died on August 19,
1980, at the age of ninety-one.
Friends in Amsterdam had searched the rooms of the hideout and found
Anne's diary. Mr. Frank published it diary in 1947 as The Diary
of a Young Girl. The book has been translated into some 50 languages.
Precocious in style and insight, it traces her emotional growth amid
adversity and records her assertion that "In spite of everything I
still believe that people are really good at heart." |
1924 , 43rd VP (1981-1989) who became in 1989 the 1st
Vice President since Van
Buren [05 Dec 1782 – 24 Jul 1862] to take office as elected President,
41st Pres (1989-1993) and
^
1924 George Herbert Walker
Bush, US politician and businessman who was vice president
of the United States (1981–1989) and the 41st president of the United
States (1989–1993), the 1st US Vice President since Van
Buren [05 Dec 1782 – 24 Jul 1862] to take office as elected
President. On 20 January 2001 G.H.W. Bush became the second US president
whose son becomes president.
Bush
was the son of Prescott Sheldon Bush, an investment banker and US
senator from Connecticut, and Dorothy Walker Bush, scion of a prominent
St. Louis, Missouri, family. (Her father established the amateur golf
competition known as the Walker Cup.) The young Bush grew up in Greenwich,
Connecticut, and attended private schools there and in Andover, Massachusetts.
Upon graduation from Phillips Academy, Andover, he joined the US Naval
Reserve. He served from 1942 to 1944 as a torpedo bomber pilot on
aircraft carriers in the Pacific during World War II, flying some
58 combat missions; he was shot down by the Japanese in 1944. For
his service he won the Distinguished Flying Cross. In January 1945
he married Barbara Pierce [08 Jun 1925~].
Following the family tradition, Bush attended Yale University, graduating
in 1948. His membership in the Skull and Bones secret society there
later became an issue that his critics used as evidence of elitism.
Rejecting a position in his father's firm, he moved with his young
family to Texas and became a salesman of oil-field supplies. He cofounded
the Bush-Overbey Oil Development Company (1951), the Zapata Petroleum
Corporation (1953), and the Zapata Off-Shore Company (1954).
In 1959 he became active in the Republican
Party in Houston, and after losing a campaign for the US Senate to
Democrat Ralph Yarborough in 1964, Bush was elected in 1966 to a safely
Republican seat in the US House of Representatives. He gave up the
seat in 1970 to run again for the Senate. He was defeated again, this
time by Democrat Lloyd Bentsen, Jr. Shortly after his defeat, Bush
was appointed by President Richard M. Nixon [09 Jan 1913 – 22
Apr 1994] to serve as US ambassador to the United Nations (1971–1972).
In 1973, as the Watergate Scandal was erupting, Bush became chairman
of the Republican National Committee. In this post, he stood by President
Nixon until August 1974, when he joined a growing chorus of voices
calling on the president to resign (which he did on 09 Aug 1974).
Later that year, President Gerald R.
Ford [14 Jul 1913~], who had nominated Nelson Rockefeller [08 Jul
1908 – 26 Jan 1979]as his vice president, named a disappointed
Bush chief of the US Liaison Office in Peking (Beijing)—which was
then the senior US representative in China, because relations between
the two countries did not permit the exchange of ambassadors. He served
in this capacity until he was asked to head the Central Intelligence
Agency in 1976. As CIA director, Bush took steps to ensure that the
agency's activities did not exceed congressional authorization. When
Jimmy Carter [01 Oct 1924] took office in 1977, Bush resigned and
returned to Texas, where in 1979 he announced his candidacy for president.
After declaring correctly and
prophetically that his opponent, the more deceptive and conservative
Ronald W. Reagan [06 Feb 1911 – 05
Jun 2004], would have to practice “voodoo economics” (what would
become known as reaganomics) in order to increase federal revenue
by lowering taxes, Bush abandoned his campaign for the Republican
Party's presidential nomination in May 1980 and threw his support
behind Reagan, who then chose Bush as his running mate. The Reagan-Bush
ticket defeated the Democratic ticket of Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale
[05 Jan 1928~] by a wide margin in the 1980 presidential election.
Bush won Reagan's loyalty, and the two were reelected in 1984 for
a second term in an even greater landslide than that of 1980 (and
went on practicing voodoo economics)..
As vice president, Bush traveled more almost two million kilometers
at taxpayers' expense as the administration's representative. When
asked about his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair, in which the
Reagan administration, in violation of congressional edict, used funds
from the illegal sale of arms to Iran to fund Contra rebels fighting
the Marxist government of Nicaragua, Bush claimed that he was “out
of the loop,” though he did admit knowing about the arms sale to Iran.
In 1987 he published an autobiography, Looking Forward (written
with Victor Gold [1929~]).
An
early and leading candidate for the Republican Party's nomination
for the presidency in 1988, he secured the nomination and, together
with his running mate, the bumbling Dan Quayle [04 Feb 1947~], defeated
the Democratic candidate, Michael
Dukakis [03 Nov 1933~], winning 54% of the popular vote to Dukakis's
46%. Although Bush had called for “a kinder, and gentler, nation”
in his speech accepting the nomination, his campaign was negative,
at one point criticizing Dukakis with a phrase, “card-carrying member
of the American Civil Liberties Union”, reminiscent of that used by
Senator Joe McCarthy. Bush also won supporters with his pledge to
continue the Reagan economic program, repeatedly stating: “Read my
lips, no new taxes!”
Upon assuming
office, Bush made a number of notable senior staff appointments, among
them that of General Colin Powell [05 Apr 1937~] to chairman of the
US Joint Chiefs of Staff. His other important policy makers included
James Baker as secretary of state and William Bennett as director
of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. In the course of his
presidency, he also nominated two Supreme Court justices, David H.
Souter [17 Sep 1939] (to replace the retiring William J. Brennan [25
Apr 1906 – 24 Jul 1997]) and the more controversial Clarence
Thomas [23 Jun 1948] (to replace Thurgood Marshall [02 Jul 1908 –
24 Jan 1993]).
From the outset
of his presidency, however, Bush demonstrated far more interest in
foreign than domestic policy. In December 1989 he ordered a military
invasion of Panama in order to topple that country's leader, General
Manuel Antonio Noriega [11 Feb 1938~], who, though at one time of
service to the US government, had become notorious for his brutality
and his involvement in the drug trade. The invasion, which lasted
four days, resulted in hundreds of deaths, mostlyof Panamanians, and
the operation was denounced by both the Organization of American States
and the UN General Assembly.
Bush's
presidency coincided with world events of large proportion, including
the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and
the reunification of Germany. In November 1990 Bush met with Soviet
leader Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev [02 Mar 1931~] in Paris and signed
a mutual nonaggression pact, a symbolic conclusion to the Cold War.
They signed treaties sharply reducing the number of weapons that the
two superpowers had stockpiled over the decades of Cold War hostility.
In August 1990, Iraq invaded and
occupied Kuwait. Bush led a worldwide UN-approved embargo against
Iraq to force its withdrawal and sent a US military contingent to
Saudi Arabia to counteract Iraqi pressure and intimidation. Perhaps
his most significant diplomatic achievement was the skillful construction
of a coalition of western European and Arab states against Iraq. Over
the objections of those who favored restraint, Bush increased the
US military presence in the Persian Gulf region to about 500'000 troops
within a few months. When Iraq failed to withdraw from Kuwait, he
authorized a US-led air offensive that began on 16 January 1991. The
ensuing Persian Gulf War culminated in an Allied ground offensive
in late February that decimated Iraq's armies and restored Kuwait's
independence, but failed to topple the brutal dictator of Iraq, Saddam
Hussein [28 Apr 1937~], or even to give reliable support to his opponents.
On the strength of his victory
over Iraq and his competent leadership in foreign affairs, Bush's
approval rating soared to about 90%. This popularity soon waned, however,
as an economic recession that began in late 1990 persisted into 1992.
Throughout this period, Bush showed much less initiative in domestic
affairs, though he initially worked with Congress in efforts to reduce
the federal government's continuing large budget deficits. A moderate
conservative, he made no drastic departures from Reagan's policies,
except in taxes. In 1990, in a move that earned him the enmity of
his conservative supporters and the distrust of many voters who had
backed him in 1988, he reneged on his “read my lips” pledge and raised
taxes in an attempt to cope with the soaring budget deficit.
Bush's policy reversal on taxation and his inability to turn around
the economy, his failure to put across what he called “the vision
thing” to the US public, ultimately proved his downfall. Bush ran
a lackluster campaign for reelection in 1992. He faced a fierce early
challenge from Patrick Buchanan [02 Nov 1938~] in the Republican primary
and then lost votes in the general election to third-party candidate
Ross Perot [27 Jun 1930~]. Meanwhile, Bush's Democratic opponent,
William Clinton [19 Aug 1946~] of Arkansas, hammered away at the issue
of the deteriorating economy. In the oft-repeated words of Clinton
strategist James Carville [25 oct 1944~], the key issue of the day
was “the economy, stupid!” Bush, the first vice president since Martin
Van Buren [05 Dec 1782 – 24 Jul 1862] in 1836 to succeed directly
to the presidency via an election rather than the death of the incumbent,
lost to Clinton by a popular vote of 37.4% to Clinton's 43%; Perot
got 19% of the vote.
In his last
weeks in office, Bush ordered a US military-led mission to feed the
starving citizens of war-torn Somalia, thereby placing US marines
in the crossfire of warring factions and inadvertently causing the
deaths of 18 soldiers. Equally as controversial was his pardoning
of six Reagan administration officials charged with illegal actions
associated with the Iran-Contra Affair.
Bush and his wife Barbara returned to Houston on the day of Clinton's
inauguration and had little formal involvement with the Republican
Party thereafter. His son Jeb Bush [11 Feb 1953~] was elected governor
of Florida in 1998 (and re-elected in 2002). Another son, George
W. “Dubya“ Bush [06 Jul 1946~], governor of Texas
(elected in 1994 and re-elected in 1998), ran for president in 2000,
and with the help of fraud in Jeb Bush's Florida, won by 1 vote in
the Supreme Court, though in the popular vote nationwide he was hundreds
of thousands of votes behind the Democratic candidate, Vice President
Al Gore. By this usurpation Dubya became the second son of a US president
to become president; the first was (without fraud), in 1824, John
Quincy Adams [11 Jul 1767 – 23 Feb 1848], son of John Adams
[30 Oct 1735 – 04 Jul 1826]. |
1919 Ahmed Addallah, político comorano, presidente de su
país en 1975.
^
1915 David Rockefeller, US banker and
philanthropist.
The youngest
of five children sired by the imperious oil baron John
D. Rockefeller [08 Jul 1839 – 23 May 1937], David ably continued
the family tradition of acquiring vast sums of money. Before the dawn
of 1941, David had racked up degrees from Harvard, the London of School
Economics and the University of Chicago. Following a stint in World
War II, David Rockefeller started working at the Chase National Bank,
which was chaired by his uncle, Winthrop W. Aldrich [02 Nov 1885 –
25 Feb 1974]. David enjoyed a fast rise through the ranks at Chase
and was named the bank's vice president in 1952. A few years after
his promotion, Rockefeller helped engineer the merger between Chase
and the Bank of Manhattan Company. But, befit his name and background,
Rockefeller didn't stall as the second in command of the newly formed
banking conglomerate: By 1969, he was tabbed to serve as both the
chairman of the board and CEO of the Chase Manhattan Bank. A well-traveled
expert in international finance, Rockefeller's reign at Chase lasted
until the dawn of the 1980s. His Memoirs were first published
on 15 October 2002.
— David
Rockefeller is the youngest child of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.,
one of the richest men in the United States, and the great patron
of modern art Abby
Aldrich Rockefeller [26 Oct 1874 – 05 Apr 1948]. He graduated
from Harvard College in the depths of the Depression, when the capitalist
order, which his grandfather had helped to create, was under relentless
attack. He studied at the London School of Economics and the University
of Chicago, where he earned a Ph.D. He worked briefly for New York
City’s flamboyant mayor Fiorello La Guardia before enlisting in the
US Army in 1942. His service as an intelligence officer in North Africa
and France brought him into contact with many of the individuals who
would soon dominate European politics and gave him a unique perspective
on the events and personalities that eventuated in the “twilight struggle”
of the Cold War. Rockefeller joined the Chase bank in 1946 as an assistant
manager in the Foreign Department and rose through the ranks to become
chairman of the board and chief executive officer. During that time,
he struggled constantly to modernize and internationalize the bank’s
operations, often against a conservative and risk-averse corporate
culture.
During his life, David
Rockefeller has: • come to know world leaders ranging from Zhou Enlai
to Mikhail Gorbachev, Anwar Sadat to Ariel Sharon, General Augusto
Pinochet to Saddam Hussein •worked with every US president since Dwight
Eisenhower, at times serving as an unofficial emissary on high-level
missions •traveled to more than one hundred countries, logging approximately
five million miles while circling the globe dozens of times
Throughout his life David Rockefeller has been passionately interested
in the welfare of the world around him, particularly in the city of
New York. He has been involved with Rockefeller Center, the Museum
of Modern Art, the Rockefeller University, the redevelopment of the
Wall Street area and the building of the World Trade Center, and many
other projects. |
1910 Juan Velasco Alvarado, militar y político peruano.
1897 Anthony Eden Earl of Avon (C), British PM (1955-1957)
He helped establish the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
1890 Egon Schiele, Austrian expressionist painter, draftsman,
printmaker who died on 31 October 1918. — MORE
ON SCHIELE AT ART “4” JUNE
with links to images.
1888 Zygmunt
Janiszewski, Polish mathematician who died on 03 January 1920.
1858 Henry Scott Tuke, British painter who died on 30 March
1929. — MORE
ON TUKE AT ART “4” JUNE with
links to images.
^
1915 James Baird Weaver,
US politician who died on 06 February 1912. He leaned toward agrarian
radicalism; he twice ran unsuccessfully for the US presidency, as
the Greenback-Labor candidate (1880) and as the Populist candidate
(1892).
Admitted to the bar in
1856, Weaver practiced law in Bloomfield, Iowa, and entered politics,
changing affiliation successively from Democrat to Free-Soiler to
Republican. He served with distinction in the Civil War (12 Apr 1861
– 26 Apr 1865), enlisting as a private in the Union army and rising
through the ranks until he was mustered out with the rank of brevet
brigadier general. After the war he antagonized Iowa Republican leaders
by his reformist temperament, his Methodist-inspired Prohibitionism,
criticism of the railroads, and advocacy of easy money. Deprived of
the Republican nomination for Congress (1874) and for governor (1875),
Weaver gradually moved into the Greenback-Labor Party, which advocated
the continued wide circulation of paper money. As a Greenbacker he
served six years in the US House of Representatives (1879–1881, 1885–1889),
though he was defeated for that office in 1882 as well as for the
presidency in 1880.
In the 1880s
Weaver played a leading role in the evolution of the People's Party,
which had succeeded the Farmers' Alliances as the main advocate of
soft money after the Greenback-Labor Party had dissolved. He was the
party's natural choice for president in 1892, when his patriarchal
appearance and commanding presence helped himwin more than 1'000'000
popular and 22 electoral votes. But Republican incumbent Benjamin
Harrison [20 Aug 1833 – 13 Mar 1901] got 145 electoral votes, and
Democrat Grover Cleveland [18 Mar 1837 – 24
Jun 1894] made a come-back with 257 electoral votes.
In 1896 Weaver exerted his influence to give the Populist presidential
nomination to William Jennings Bryan [19 Mar 1860 – 26 Jul 1925],
the Democratic candidate. The Populist merger with the Democrats spelled
the effective dissolution of the Populist Party and the waning of
Weaver's political career. He served as a small-town Iowa mayor and
local historian in his later years. |
1827 Johanna Heusser (Spyri), Swiss writer who died on
07 July 1901. Her story for children, Heidi
(1880-1881, 2 vols.), is known all over the world. Her psychological insight
into the child mind, her humor, and her ability to enter into childish joys
and sorrows give attraction and lasting value to her books, which include
also Ein Blatt auf Vronys Grab (1870), Heimatlos (1881),
Gritli (1882).
1819 Charles Kingsley: Il
fut pasteur anglican, il enseignera à Cambridge (Angleterre). Mais la littérature
l'attire. Il en profite (avec Westward
HO) pour exposer ses vues sur le "Socialisme chrétien " dont il est
l'un des promoteurs. Épris de justice sociale, il se rangera parmi les "
chrétiens musclés ".
1806 John
A. Roebling, in Muehlhausen, Prussia. He would grow up to be
the civil engineer who designed the Brooklyn Bridge, which spans the East
River to connect Manhattan with Brooklyn. For nearly a decade after it opened
on 24 May 1883, the bridge, with a main span of 486 meters, was the longest
suspension bridge in the world. Steel wire cable, invented and manufactured
by Roebling, made the structure possible.
1742 Jurriaan Andriessen,
Dutch painter who died on 31 July 1819. — more
1677 Jean Ravoux, French artist who died in 1734.
1634 il cavaliere Giuseppe Recco, Neapolitan still-life
painter who died on 29 May 1695. — MORE
ON RECCO AT ART “4” JUNE with
links to images.
1580 Adriaen Stalbemt, Flemish painter
and etcher who died on 21 September 1662. — more
1577 Habakuk
“Paul” Guldin, mathematician born of Swiss Protestant
parents of Jewish descent, who became a Jesuit at age 20, changing his name
to Paul. He discovered Guldin's Theorem: If a plane figure is rotated about
an axis in its plane then the volume of the solid body formed is equal to
the product of the area with the distance traveled by the center of gravity.
|
^
On
a 12 June:
1952
The First American Sports Car
