Thanks
to a revision of the U.S. copyright law in 1978, novels
become part of the public domain fifty years after the
death of the writer. Accordingly, a surge of period
films featuring the Gilded Age can be observed in cinemas
today. The Golden Bowl, the latest contribution,
is based on the 1904 novel of the same title by Henry
James. Director James Ivory dazzles filmviewers with
lavish sets, magnificent architecture, and fabulous
costuming in Europe during most of the film, but shows
"American City" (obviously New York) as, crass, tasteless,
and ugly. Filmed at castles and palaces in England and
Italy, The Golden Bowl reminds Americans
that European culture was artistically superior to American
culture a century ago, if not still today. Having become
America’s first billionaire by supplying bituminous
coal to fuel the industrial revolution in North America,
Adam Verver (played by Dick Nolte), now spends his time
in Europe buying works of art, palaces, and even the
company of a beautiful female companion, Charlotte Stant
(played by Uma Thurman), whom he later marries. Verver
is devoted to his daughter Maggie (played by Kate Beckinsale)
and agrees for her to marry an authentic if less than
affluent Italian prince, Amerigo (played by Jeremy Northam),
after the two are brought together by London socialite
Fanny Assingham (played by Anjelica Huston). However,
when Charlotte meets Amerigo at the palace near Rome
that Verver is having restored, the two have a love
affair. When they return to London for Maggie’s wedding
with Amerigo, they enter a Bloomsbury antique shop to
find a wedding gift; although Charlotte wants to buy
a crystal bowl inlaid with a gold design, Amerigo sees
a crack and leaves the shop. Charlotte, who cannot afford
to pay a tidy sum for the artifact, promises to return
someday to make the purchase. After the marriage, Amerigo
and Maggie produce a son, to whom Maggie is devoted,
and Verver marries Charlotte. Meanwhile, Verver continues
to take his daughter on trips to acquire new works of
art, which are to be shipped to a museum that he wants
to build in American City. While they are out of town,
Amerigo and Charlotte continue a love affair that many,
including Fanny, observe. Fanny asks Charlotte to behave
more sensibly, but Charlotte’s need for love is obsessive
in an era when moderation and self-abnegation were signs
of good breeding. Then one day Maggie wanders into the
same shop in Bloomsbury and decides to purchase the
golden bowl as a birthday present for her father. When
the object is delivered the next day by the proprietor,
he sees a framed photo of the couple that came into
his shop five years earlier and reports the coincidence
to Maggie. When she confronts Amerigo with the report
that the two were seeing each other a few days before
her wedding, he admits the indiscretion but promises
fidelity. (A tragic adulterous affair in his family
that took place in his infancy still haunts him.) Maggie
then persuades her father to take the treasures to America
so that Charlotte will be out of the picture. Treated
coldly by Amerigo and Maggie, Charlotte produces an
abundance of tears but dutifully agrees to accompany
Verver on the trip across the Atlantic (thus avoiding
the fate of her fictional contemporary Lily Bart in
Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth). However,
the real hero of The Golden Bowl is the
austere but kind Verber, a character doubtless based
on Andrew Carnegie, who gave $350 million of his wealth
back to America in the form of art, books, libraries,
and educational endowments. The Golden Bowl,
thus, asks us to consider what American billionaires
are doing today—lobbying for a tax cut or engaging in
philanthropy? "The man who dies rich," Carnegie once
said, "dies disgraced." MH
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The Golden Bowl
by Henry James
Novel
by Henry James, published in 1904. Wealthy American
widower Adam Verver and his daughter Maggie live in
Europe, where they collect art and relish each other's
company. Through the efforts of the manipulative Fanny
Assingham, Maggie becomes engaged to Amerigo, an Italian
prince in reduced circumstances, but remains blind to
his rekindled affair with her longtime friend Charlotte
Stant. Maggie and Amerigo marry, and later, after Charlotte
and Adam have also wed, both spouses learn of the ongoing
affair, though neither seeks a confrontation. Not until
Maggie buys the gilded crystal bowl of the title as
a birthday present for Adam does truth crack the veneer
of propriety.
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