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Fertility Drugs for Women Below: Method | Length of treatment | Success rate | Pluses | Minuses | Cost
For more than 30 years, many women who are infertile because of hormonal imbalances or deficiencies have been able to conceive simply by taking a pill. Hormones from your brain rule ovulation, and when they don't tell your ovaries to get an egg ready and release it each month, you can't conceive. So all fertility drugs for women have the same goal: to get your ovaries back on track. Method
Of the four or five available medications, the two most popular are clomiphene, a pill, and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), an injection. Clomiphene, a synthetic hormone whose brand names include Clomid and
Serophene, tells your pituitary gland to produce or make more of the
hormones that trigger ovulation ( Human menopausal gonadotropin, sold as Pergonal and Metrodin, consists
of purified FSH. When injected into your body, hMG tricks your ovaries
into thinking that your pituitary gland has produced FSH, so they start
developing egg follicles. After seven to 12 days of shots, you'll get an
injection of Fertility drugs are often part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART) method such as in vitro fertilization. In intentionally increased doses, the drugs can trigger several follicles to develop and release many eggs at once so they can be harvested for ART. This process, known as superovulation, can increase your chance of multiple births.
Length of treatment
Once you're ovulating regularly, which should happen within a month or two, you'll continue taking the drug in cycles of five to 12 days each month, depending on which medication you're using (five days for clomiphene, seven to 12 for hMG). You'll start taking them about two to five days into your monthly menstrual cycle. Then, each time your doctor has verified that you've ovulated, you'll stop taking the medication and start having sex, usually daily, making sure that the maximum amount of sperm is getting inside your body. For recommended positions, click here.With both hMG and clomiphene, as with all fertility medications, your
doctor will monitor you carefully (and often--you'll probably have to go
in daily) to see whether your ovaries are readying an egg follicle and
releasing the egg into one of your Most women will go through a maximum of three to six drug cycles. Success rates don't improve if you take the drugs longer, so if you try three or more times and don't get pregnant, your doctor may increase the dosage, switch you to another medication, or suggest another kind of treatment.
Success rate Most couples are interested in two success statistics: the ovulation rate and the pregnancy rate. Fertility drugs are quite successful at stimulating ovulation: About 70 to 90 percent of women will ovulate, the majority within the first three months of treatment. Of those who ovulate, 20 to 60 percent will get pregnant (the wide range is due to all the other factors affecting pregnancy, from the time you have sex and your age to the speed and agility of your partner's sperm). While not much information is available on the live birth rate for fertility drugs, a few studies put the number at 70 to 85 percent.
Pluses
Most of today's fertility drugs have a 30-year-plus history of helping women get pregnant. They work quickly and naturally to prompt the body to mature and release an egg, and, for some women, thats all they need to conceive. And, unlike many other infertility solutions, such as in vitro fertilization, fertility drugs won't increase your chance of multiple births beyond about 5 to 15 percent (the more babies you carry, the greater your risk for complications such as miscarriage and premature labor).
Minuses Fertility drugs can cause a wide range of minor side effects, including dry cervical mucus, mild ovarian enlargement (swelling), ovarian cysts, stomach pain, breast tenderness, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, headaches, fatigue, depression, and weight gain. More rarely (about one to 5 percent of the time), women develop hyperstimulated ovaries, a potentially fatal condition signaled by the sudden onset of severe pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight gain. The ovaries rapidly swell to several times their size (due to an excessive number of eggs) and may leak fluid into the abdominal cavity. In addition, while a new study of 2,500 Israeli women indicates no increased risk for breast or ovarian cancer among women who have taken fertility drugs, the risk of developing endometrial cancer is higher. Taking fertility drugs can also be a very hands-on, emotionally intense process, as you'll have to see your doctor almost daily and, if you're using hMG, get shots every day as well.
Cost
Costs vary widely depending on the type of drug, from $30-plus for a cycle of Clomid (pills) to more than $2,000 for a cycle of Pergonal (injections).
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