| Question | Central Diabetes Insipidus | Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | Diabetes Mellitus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| How common is this disease? | Uncommon | Uncommon | Common | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What causes the disease? | The mechanism for secreting vasopressin malfunctions. | The kidneys are unable to respond to the anti-diauretic hormone vasopressin. It may be inhererited by male children or acquired after birth. | Enough of the hormone insulin is not secreted, or the body's cells do not respond to it. Herredity, strress, obesity, pregnancy, and drugs can also lead to diabetes mellitus. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What do these hormones do and why are they important? | Vasopressin is an anti-diauretic hormone that controls water metabolism. It is made in the hypothalamus (at the base of the brain behind the eyes) and is stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland(also at the base of the brain). | It causes tubules within the kidney to reabsorb water. Watter that is not reabsorbed is released, lost, as urine. | Insulin is made in the pancreas, where it controls carbohydrate metabolism. It controls sugar (glucose) levels in the body. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What are the signs and symptoms of the disease? | Sudden or gradual urination of large amounts of clear, colorless fluid, followed by excessive thirst(polydipsia). Dehydration can occur if fluid balance is not maintained. | Same as central diabetes insipidus: polyuria followed by polydipsia. | Excessive urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive appetite (polyphagia). May be sudden or gradual with no symptoms. Tiredness, weight gain or loss, skin infections that do not heal. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What diagnostic tests can be used to detect the disease? | Water deprivation test/vasopressin test. Hypertonic saline infusion test. |
Water deprivation test/vasopressin test. Hypertonic saline infusion test. |
Fasting blood sugar- 24hr. post prondial test. Glucose tolerance test. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What treatments are used to combat the disease? | Balance fluid intake and urine output. Replace antidiauretic hormone, vasopressin. |
Balance urine output with fluid inhtake. Diauretics |
Correct sugar/insulin intake. Prevent progression of disease. Diet. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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