IN BREEDING is the mating of a pair bearing 50% or more relationship to each other. EXAMPLE Parent to offspring, Brother to Sister, Cousin to Cousin, Grandparent to Grandchild. ALL BREEDING PROGRAMS NECESSITATE SOME INBREEDING TO PERPETUATE THE DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS.

LINE BREEDING is the mating of a pair that are either distantly related or have at least a common Grandparent or Great Grandparent.

OUT BREEDING is the mating of a pair that are unrelated or extremely distantly related.

OUT CROSSING is the mating of a pair from two unrelated IN BRED lines.

Line Breeding and Out Breeding are the most commonly used breeding method programs.

In-Breeding doubles up the strain traits GOOD and BAD. Continued inbreeding without rigid selection definitely reduces the size of the stock. It tends to decrease fertility and it produces uniform stock. Uniform because the inbred offspring tend more and more to carry the same genes and must therefore develop similarly.

When breeding for a specific trait or characteristic, line breed to a dog or bitch which is known to be dominant for the trait required, if these features are from recessive genes they are much more easily fixed in a strain because RECESSIVE GENES ALWAYS BREED TRUE!!!!

If you mate two animals with the same visible recessive gene traits ALL PUPPIES OF THIS MATING MUST SHOW THE SAME TRAITS AS THE PARENTS. Because two recessives can NEVER produce a dominant. A good example of this rule is the long coat in the Chihuahua, which is a recessive gene trait. Therefor two longcoat Chihuahuas mated together can NEVER produce a smoothcoat.

It is clearly easier to breed out one bad fault than to breed in several good ones.

There is no practical way of producing sexes to order.

If a puppy shows ANY CHARACTERISTIC or TRAIT NOT VISIBLE IN EITHER PARENT A RECESSIVE GENE MUST CAUSE THIS TRAIT.

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