Hydrocephalus is a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) within the brain cavity and in the space surrounding the brain. It
results from [1] over production of fluid, [2] obstruction of fluid flow
at some point in the CSF system or [3] inadequate resorption or fluid into
the venous system. Some nutritional deficiencies have been cited as possible
causes of some forms of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus in small dogs is fairly
common particularly in the brachycephalic breeds. It may be present before
birth in which case, the pup may be stillborn or cause whelping problems.
If born alive the pups are often unsettled crying and do not feed or progress
well.
Typically, these pups will have:
-
a huge domed head
-
possibly a very large molera, or one that runs
down the forehead and from ear to ear, or multiple moleras
-
bulging tension or pulsating in the molera
-
wide-set eyes, eyeballs looking outwards, excessive
white showing on the inside corners
-
sluggish expression and slowness in learning
-
in-coordination — difficulty running and jumping
-
seizures or convulsions
-
general failure to thrive and grow
As stated Hydrocephalus is apparent in some cases
shortly after birth but generally, is not noticed until weeks later. Hydrocephalic
pups may be having seizures by three to four months of age these are sometimes
slight and are often missed by the owners or breeder. Many puppies do not
even live that long and simply pass away in their sleep. Those with mild
Hydrocephalus may live to adulthood. There is no cure, though surgery to
insert a shunt to relieve the pressure on the brain may occasionally be
helpful. More often euthanasia is recommended, as prognosis is not favourable.
Any stress, including hot summer months can make the condition worsen rapidly.
It is usually genetic in origin but can be traumatically induced by a blow
to the head. It can also arise later in life, due to a tumour or after
meningitis.
The Chihuahua Club of America has 1,992 research
results from the University of Minnesota showing no correlation
between a normal-sized, open molera and Hydrocephalus.
An open molera is a typical trait of the Chihuahua.
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