As pre-spawners move upstream from the estuary, they prefer habitat that offers protection from predators including river otters, seals, and humans. High quality holding habitat is found in pools and runs that have cover and depth. Important cover types include boulders, hollows in the bedrock, root wads, and other woody debris. Pre-spawners also prefer holding in habitat in close proximity to spawning areas. Holding habitat in upstream areas during the summer is very important for spring chinook and spring steelhead ("summer steelhead").

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